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This letter presents a millimeter-wave dual-polarized quasi-three-bit reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for a 6G wireless communication relay with a large beam-scanning angle range. The RIS unit consists of two stacked patches and a pair of orthogonal aperture-coupled microstrip lines. A positive-intrinsic-negative diode is loaded on the end of each microstrip line for controlling the reflection phases for realizing one-bit phase quantization. Furthermore, by adjusting the length of the microstrip lines, four one-bit reconfigurable units with different initial reflection phases were designed, which achieves a quasi-three-bit phase quantization for the RIS aperture with the phase step of 45°. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the placement of the four units in the array to improve the beam-scanning performance. To validate the proposed RIS, a 10 × 10 array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show that the developed RIS has a beam scanning range of ±60° from 26.5 GHz to 28.5 GHz.

Stochastic modeling is widely employed to characterize uncertainty propagation in fluctuating wearable antenna systems. A major challenge that hinders the convergence of stochastic models is the multilevel random effects on antenna's far field caused by random disturbances, which exacerbate the already difficult inherent issue tied to high dimensionality and nonlinearity. This letter proposes to separately model the “global” random effect depending mainly on frequency and the “fine” random effect depending mainly on antenna's directional characteristics. The “decoupling” of global and fine effects is obtained by separately modeling the reflection coefficient S11 and a newly defined “desensitized” far field, which is insensitive to detuning (or mismatch) phenomena. A “centering” technique based on cross correlation is used to reduce the sensibility of S11 to the randomness. The whole strategy significantly accelerates the convergence of the modeling process, resulting in a “bi-level” surrogate model that exhibits enhanced robustness and accuracy. Comparative tests on a flexible textile patch antenna demonstrate that the proposed technique can reduce modeling costs by 57% while maintaining the same level of model accuracy. The proposed solution could expand the application of stochastic modeling to a broader spectrum of antenna characterization and optimization.

In this letter, a line-via-patch (LVP) transmission unit is presented, and its potential for miniaturization of microwave components is explored. First, an LVP equivalent circuit model is developed based on the transmission line theory. Then, the LVP unit is constructed with two substrates and three metal layers. The LVP units can be arranged in one or two dimensions to form a transmission line or transmission structure, respectively. The propagation constant can be easily increased and controlled. As a transmission line, a 1-D LVP array is smaller than the microstrip on the same substrate, which can be used to construct miniaturized microwave circuits. Here, a filter with the electrical size 0.269λ0 × 0.048λ0 × 0.025λ0 is realized for verification. As a transmission structure, a 2D LVP array can be used for achieving the miniaturized patch antennas. To verify the idea, a compact circularly polarized patch antenna with aperture size as small as 0.21λ0 × 0.21λ0 is realized on a substrate with a permittivity of 2.65. The simulated and measured results show that both the miniaturized filter and circularly polarized antenna have achieved excellent performances, which indicates that the proposed LVP structure has great potential in the miniaturization of microwave components.

In this letter, a palisade-type defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed for decoupling a miniaturized low-profile dual-polarized antenna array. The palisade-type DGS loaded between the array elements can achieve both transverse electric (TE) decoupling and transverse magnetic (TM) decoupling simultaneously. The decoupling mechanism is elucidated via analyzing and calculating the equivalent capacitance and inductance values of the parallel resonant circuit of the palisade-type DGS when the antenna array is under TE coupling as well as TM coupling. For verification, a dual-polarized antenna array loaded with palisade-type DGS is designed, whose profile is 0.006λ0 and the center-to-center distance between antenna elements is 0.36λ0 at the working frequency of 8.1 GHz. The coupled current analysis of the array loaded with DGS reveals that the palisade-type DGS has the spatial band-stop characteristic, changing the direction of the partially coupled current and thereby reducing coupling. Consequently, the simulated and measured results indicate that TE coupling and TM coupling are reduced by about 11 dB and 33 dB, respectively.

A metasurface (MS)-based low-profile, low radar cross section (RCS), wideband, and miniaturized microstrip patch array is proposed in this communication. First, a new method by combining reactive impedance surface (RIS) and polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) for antenna miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement as well as broadband RCS reduction is proposed. The proposed antenna is composed of a conventional patch antenna on top of an MS-based substrate. For the radiation performance, the antenna has a 10-dB impedance matching band of 22.3% and the overall volume is reduced to 78.9% after using the MS. For the scattering performance, broadband RCS reduction is achieved due to the polarization conversion characteristic of the MS. Over 10-dB RCS reduction is obtained from 6.10 to 18.90 GHz (a relative bandwidth of 106%). Second, the array composed of the $4\times 4$ element antennas and a feeding network is constructed and discussed. A 25.6% 10-dB impedance matching bandwidth and 106% 6-dB RCS reduction bandwidth are obtained. The overall size of the proposed array is reduced to 76% compared to the array without the MS. A prototype of the array was fabricated and measured. The measured results and the simulated ones are in good agreement. The proposed array by combining RIS and PCM has the advantages of wideband, miniaturized size, low RCS, and low profile, which can be used for radar, aircraft, and stealth platforms.

In this article, a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array with wideband and wide-angle radar cross section (RCS) reduction based on compensate-layered metasurface is proposed for cube satellite applications. First, a metasurface with compensated mediums, achieving a broadband and stable $180^{\circ }\pm 37^{\circ }$ phase difference between the x- and y-directions within wide oblique angles for both TE and TM polarizations, is proposed. Second, a wideband, high-isolation, and low RCS $2\times 2$ MIMO antenna based on the metasurface is proposed. On the one hand, two intrinsic modes are excited by integrating the metasurface with a conventional slot antenna. A wideband of $\vert $ S $_{11}\vert \lt -10$ dB is obtained from 3.90 to 5.35 GHz. Over 25 dB isolation is achieved within the working band. On the other hand, over 6 dB RCS reduction is achieved from 4.69 to 19.58 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 122.7%. For oblique incident wave within 45°, it has an over 100% relative bandwidth of 6 dB RCS reduction for both TE and TM polarizations. Finally, the MIMO antenna implanted on a cube platform is studied for cube satellite applications. The measurements and the simulations are in good agreement. The wideband and wide-angle metasurface based on compensate-mediums theory is first proposed for MIMO antennas, achieving wideband, high isolation, and wideband, wide-angle low RCS, which can be a candidate for stealth cube satellite application.

With the rapid development of industrial and service robots, the cross-joint dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has attracted more and more attention. Unfortunately, the current range of motion angles that can achieve WPT coverage is limited, with the maximum coverage spanning from an axial angle ${\bm{\theta }}$ ranging from 0° to 75° and a circumferential angle ${\bm{\varphi }}$ of 360°. Currently, the realization of an omnidirectional WPT (omni-WPT) system remains elusive. This article pioneers in highlighting that maintaining constant coupling polarity (CCP) between the transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) coils throughout the entire relative motion range is a fundamental requirement for achieving omni-WPT. Leveraging this insight, the cross-joint WPT with an omnidirectional operating angle is achieved for the first time. Subsequently, guidelines for designing a coupler based on CCP are provided, balancing the need for high transfer efficiency and low coupling fluctuation. To validate the effectiveness, a 13.56 MHz cross-joint omni-WPT system with ${\bm{\theta }}$ ε [0°, 180°], ${\bm{\varphi }}$ ε [0°, 360°] is designed, constructed and tested. The experimental results show that high efficiencies of more than 90% are achieved with low efficiency fluctuation of 1.73%. Meanwhile the output power fluctuation on the load is only 4.89%.

The Nakazima method was applied to performing bulging experiments of annealed TA2 pure titanium/ Q235B carbon steel composite plate samples with different sizes. The effects of acting surfaces on forming limits and interface damage behavior of TA2/Q235B composite plate were investigated. It is found that when the steel contacts with the concave die, the bulging height and forming limit of the composite plate increase due to the different contact materials, coordination deformation ability of the interface, and strain state. The bulging height of the R140 specimen reaches the maximum value (46.17 mm), and the thickness reduction and interfacial crack of the R60 and R180 specimens in three directions are larger. In addition, due to the difference in hardness and tensile stress, all horizontal and inclined holes in both groups extend toward the pure titanium.

In this article, an electromagnetic modulator, consisting of a graphene closed rectangle resonator (CRS) connected with two perpendicular graphene wires and two semicircular split ring resonators (SSRRs), is proposed. The modulation of transparent window at specific frequency can be achieved. Compared with other modulators, the proposed electromagnetic modulator shows the modulation depth of 59.9% and the modulation ability of the unit Fermi level is up to 149.7%. Moreover, two-particle model reveals the physical mechanism of the active modulation of the EIT effect and the calculated transmission spectra are in good agreement with the simulated transmission spectra. In addition, the maximum values of group delay and delay bandwidth product (DBP) are 2.20 ps and 0.48 respectively, which are larger than the maximum values of other works. Therefore, our work exhibits outstanding modulation of EIT effect and slow light effect, and shows great potential in electromagnetic modulators and slow light devices.

Paclitaxel resistance is associated with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and currently, there is no promising drug for paclitaxel resistance. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemoresistance in human NSCLC-derived cell lines. We constructed paclitaxel-resistant NSCLC cell lines (A549/PR and H460/PR) by long-term exposure to paclitaxel. We found that triptolide, a diterpenoid epoxide isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordiiHook F, effectively enhanced the sensitivity of paclitaxel-resistant cells to paclitaxel by reducing ABCB1 expression in vivo and in vitro. Through high-throughput sequencing, we identified the SHH-initiated Hedgehog signaling pathway playing an important role in this process. We demonstrated that triptolide directly bound to HNF1A, one of the transcription factors of SHH, and inhibited HNF1A/SHH expression, ensuing in attenuation of Hedgehog signaling. In NSCLC tumor tissue microarrays and cancer network databases, we found a positive correlation between HNF1A and SHH expression. Our results illuminate a novel molecular mechanism through which triptolide targets and inhibits HNF1A, thereby impeding the activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway and reducing the expression of ABCB1. This study suggests the potential clinical application of triptolide and provides promising prospects in targeting the HNF1A/SHH pathway as a therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with paclitaxel resistance.

In this letter, a broadband polarization-insensitive rectifying metasurface unit with wide-reception-angle is proposed for powering battery-free sensors. To extend the bandwidth, two orthogonal stair-shaped dipoles (SS-dipole) with a wide impedance bandwidth are proposed as the unit. The vertical SS-dipole operates as dominating dipole to generate a resonant frequency of 5 GHz, while the horizontal one works as the parasitic one to excite 6.7 GHz. Thereby the operation band is from 4.6 to 7 GHz (41%), which covers the n79, LTE band46, and Wi-Fi band. An equivalent circuit is established to reveal the broadband operation principle. Furthermore, two SS-dipoles interact as the dominating and parasitic dipoles at two orthogonal polarizations, so polarization-insensitive performance is realized. By conjugate matching the unit with the rectifying diode, the rectifying metasurface is designed. A 5 × 5 array is fabricated and the measured harvesting–rectifying efficiency is higher than 45% within the operation band with the peak one of 63% at 5 GHz. The efficiency is higher than 50% when the incident angle is 48°.

A millimeter-wave (mmW) circularly polarized (CP) continuous transverse stub (CTS) leaky wave antenna (LWA) with a high scanning rate is proposed in this communication. The LWA is composed of an improved parallel plate waveguide (PPW) based CTS array and a compact power divider-based linear source generator. The high scanning rate is obtained by alternatively arranging periodic ridges on both plates of bent PPW, which can be regarded as an interdigital structure and can extend the current path. A low-profile single-layer linear-to-circular polarizer (LCP) with a wide-incident angle is designed to realize CP radiation. In order to increase the incident angle of the LCP, a modified metasurface unit based on the Jerusalem cross (JC) is presented. To verify the proposed design, a 12 element LWA with the LCP is simulated and fabricated. The measured results show that the LWA achieved a CP scanning range from −56° to 52° with the −10 dB impedance bandwidth (BW) of 11.7% (28.3–31.8 GHz). The scanning rate is 9.3°/%BW. Within the beam scanning range, the axial ratio (AR) is less than 2.9 dB and the maximum gain is 25.5 dBi. The insertion loss (IL) of LCP is lower than 1.1 dB.

A dual-band metasurface superstrate consisting of two square ring slots with specific permittivity and permeability products is proposed in this letter for decoupling a compact dual-band E/H-plane coupled antenna array. The dual-band metasurface can achieve high isolation enhancement between elements by suppressing surface waves. To demonstrate the method, E-plane and H-plane coupled antenna arrays loading the dual-band metasurface are designed, fabricated and measured separately. The measurement results indicate that the mutual coupling of the antenna arrays can be decreased by more than 27 dB and 23 dB at 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz, respectively, after loading the proposed metasurface.

This letter presents a low-profile ultrawideband (UWB) antenna of circular polarization. Four off-axis arranged monopole radiating elements and a feeding network for sequentially rotated excitation are combined to achieve UWB circularly polarized (CP) radiation. The 90° phase shifters required for the sequentially rotated excitation are moved to the vertical parts of the antenna, which effectively reduces its lateral size. Four stubs and a metallic patch are introduced to further improve the antenna's axial ratio performance. The proposed antenna can be easily fabricated as it only uses one substrate. The complete antenna is constructed by folding the substrate twice. To verify the design, a prototype of the designed UWB CP antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are 2.16 ∼ 6.98 GHz (105.4%) and 2.2 ∼ 6.9 GHz (103.2%), respectively. Its peak realized gain is 7.6 dBi, and the overall size is only 0.27λL×0.27λL×0.08λL with λL being the free-space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency.

A dual-polarized antenna with a wide impedance bandwidth and high selectivity is presented for the use of 5G sub-6-GHz base stations. By strategically introducing a novel coupled dual-mode grid structure, two additional resonant modes (one is in-band and another one is out-of-band) as well as two radiation nulls can be obtained to enhance the impedance bandwidth and out-of-band rejection level of the widely used tightly coupled cross-dipole antenna (TCCDA). The two radiation nulls introduced by the grid structure are located at the two edges of the desired frequency band. To further improve the gain suppression level in higher out-of-band, a new radiation null is obtained by symmetrically introducing four T-shaped strips. Apart from these additional radiation nulls, this antenna also exhibits two inherent radiation nulls originating from its feed structure and reflector. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna exhibits a wide impedance bandwidth of 39.5% (ranging from 3.07 to 4.58 GHz), an excellent isolation of over 31 dB, and a notable out-of-band rejection level exceeding 17.6 and 19.2 dB in the frequency bands of 1.7–2.7 and 4.8–5.0 GHz.

A dual-polarized antenna with multimode resonance and high selectivity is proposed in this article to cover the 5G sub-6 GHz bands. The proposed antenna achieves dual wide impedance bandwidth characteristics by incorporating a dual mode coupled patch and four planar coupled strips around the driven patch. Through the four resonant modes of these structures, the antenna effectively covers the two desired frequency bands. Moreover, the electric/magnetic coupling between the driven patch, dual mode coupled patch, and planar coupled strips enables the creation of three radiation nulls that suppress unwanted radiation. To further improve the out-of-band rejection level and half power beamwidth (HPBW), four shorted strips are introduced around the radiator. The introduction of these strips results in a fourth radiation null at higher out-of-band frequencies and expands the antenna’s HPBW from 52° to 62°. To demonstrate the feasibility of the design, both the proposed antenna and its array were manufactured and tested. Measured results show that the filtering element was able to operate within frequency bands of 3.24–3.83 GHz (16.7%) and 4.74–5.30 GHz (11.2%) with a reference of $\vert \text{S}_{\text {dd11}} \vert < -14$ dB. The input ports exhibited a high level of isolation, measuring 40 dB. Furthermore, the four radiation nulls proved effective in suppressing out-of-band radiation.

In this communication, an ultra-wideband (UWB) absorber is proposed by the employment of two absorption mechanisms, including resonance-base absorber and spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) absorber. The mixed absorber is a 3-D structure which consists of a vertically placed SSPP and resonance-based absorber and a horizontally placed resistive frequency selective surface (FSS). The UWB absorption performance mainly originates from the absorption characteristic of the resonance-based structure in the low-frequency range and the SSPP structure in the high-frequency range. Simulation shows that the hybrid structure possesses a −10-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 160.7% from 1.45 to 13.33 GHz with the thickness of 20.6 mm ( $0.1\lambda _{L}$ , $\lambda _{L}$ is the wavelength at the lowest frequency in free space of the absorption band) under both TE and TM polarizations. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The present work provides a new strategy to design UWB absorbers in a way that does not introduce extra thickness.

A wideband transmitarray (TA) antenna using compact 2-bit filtering unit cells is presented with the center frequency designed at 10 GHz. The presented TA antenna features wide bandwidth with a compact aperture size, filtering radiation performance, and low cross-polarization levels. A novel compact 2-bit phasing scheme is first proposed and illustrated by utilizing the resonating characteristics of resonators. The charging and discharging principle of a resonator is utilized to realize a 180° phase shift, while J-invertor originating from the coupling between resonators is utilized to realize a 90° phase shift. Based on the proposed phasing scheme, novel 2-bit compact filtering unit cells are designed with a compact four-copper-layer configuration. Finally, a high-gain TA antenna was designed, fabricated, and measured for radiation performance verification. Due to the elaborately designed unit cells and the cutoff effect of the feed horn, a filtering radiation performance with flat in-band gain and high out-of-band suppressions is obtained. Measured results show that a flat 3-dB gain bandwidth of 21.3% is achieved with a thin thickness of $0.11\lambda _{0}$ . High suppressions of 34.3 and 30.1 dB are measured over the lower and upper out-of-bands. In addition, a low cross-polarization level of −38.5 dB is obtained for high-quality wireless communications.

In this communication, a circularly polarized (CP) leaky wave antenna (LWA) array with a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth and low sidelobe level (SLL) is presented. To overcome the shortage of narrow 3 dB AR beamwidth of conventional substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot element, an improved CP LWA element is introduced by placing a square patch above the perpendicular slots. The composite radiation mode of the new element has a stable spatial phase difference between the orthogonal polarizations within a wide range of angles, which ensures the wide 3 dB AR beamwidth and the theoretical analysis validates it. Furthermore, by adjusting the size of the proposed LWA element, it is feasible to control the leakage constant while maintaining good CP radiation, which is beneficial for low SLL pattern synthesis. By using Taylor pattern synthesis, a ten-element CP linear array prototype is designed, fabricated, and measured. At the center frequency of 14.2 GHz, the wide 3 dB AR beamwidth of 113° and low SLL of −20.9 dB are realized. Within the measured effective operation band of 13.9–14.6 GHz, the peak gain is 16.1 dBi with gain variation less than 0.6 dB.

A metamaterial sensor with a large incident angle, based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect, is proposed. The proposed metamaterial sensor is a refractive index sensor, and the unit cell consists of a cut wire (CW), two split ring resonators (SRRs), and a metal plate. Due to the added metal plate on the side of the unit cell, the metamaterial sensor can tolerate a maximum incident angle of 75°. The transmission spectra with different incident angles show that the metamaterial sensor exhibits excellent performance at the large incident angle. The near-field coupling between SRRs and CW is explained by a three-level $\Lambda $ -type system of bright-dark coupling, and the transmission spectrum calculated by the two-particle model is in keeping with the simulated transmission spectrum. The influences of structural parameters on the amplitude and frequency of the EIT effect are discussed. Meanwhile, owing to the outstanding dispersion around the transparent window, the maximum group delay can reach up to 3.84 ps. The maximum values of sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) are 0.221 THz/RIU and 1.000 RIU-1, respectively. Moreover, metamaterial sensor shows good sensing characteristics under different incident angles. Our work exhibits excellent potential to overcome the bottleneck of the small incident angle in the present metamaterial sensor.

Layered geomembrane–geotextile systems (LGGSs) are used extensively worldwide. To increase strength, geomembranes are becoming thicker and geotextiles are becoming heavier. It is more challenging to obtain LGGS strength through laboratory tests, especially multiaxial tension tests. To address this problem, the relationships between LGGSs with different combinations and constituent materials were investigated using a multiaxial tension test and theoretical analysis. According to these relationships, when the LGGS and the constituent materials deform to an arc of a sphere because of the pressure applied under the membrane perpendicular to the surface of the specimen, the lowest geotextile (or two layers of continuous geotextile) in contact with the pressure medium in the LGGS can be considered an ineffective layer in multiaxial tension deformation, while the other layers are effective layers. The pressure of an LGGS at different deformations is the total of the pressure of each effective constituent material at corresponding deformations, and the stress within the cross-section of the LGGS at different strains is equal to the sum of the product of the stress of each effective constituent material at corresponding strains and its thickness percentage. With this relationship, we contribute to multiaxial tension mechanical characteristic applications by calculating the multiaxial tensile strength of LGGSs and facilitating material selection in engineering design.

Turnover prediction has an important impact on alleviating the brain drain, which can help organizations reduce costs and enhance competitiveness. Existing studies on turnover are mainly based on analyzing the turnover correlation, using different models to predict various employee turnover scenarios, and only predicting turnover category, while the class imbalance and turnover possibility have been ignored. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel fine-grained adaptation-based turnover prediction neural network (FATPNN) model. Specifically, we first employ a GRU to learn profile-aware features representations of the personnel samples. Then, to evaluate the contribution of various turnover factors, we further exploit an attention mechanism to model the profile information. Finally, we creatively design a weighted-based probability loss function suitable for our turnover prediction tasks. Experimental results show the effectiveness and universality of the FATPNN model in terms of turnover prediction.

A low-cost low-profile circularly polarized (CP) corporate-feed beam-scanning array is presented. As the main part of the feed network, we found that the sidewall reflection of the parallel plate waveguide (PPW) is the major reason for the deterioration of the beam-scanning performance at large angles. Therefore, a hybrid feed network composed of PPW and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. Mechanical beam-scanning is realized by a planar parabolic reflector-based line source generator (LSG). To expand the beam-scanning range, an SIW delay line-based phase compensation structure is introduced after theoretically analyzing the phase deviation generated by the LSG. The CP radiation is realized by improved CP antenna elements with a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth. These CP antenna elements are fed by a corporate-fed network to avoid the frequency-dependent squint beam. A K-band prototype of an $8\times14$ array is fabricated and measured to verify the design. According to the measured results, the beam-scanning range of 0°–51° in elevation with the peak gain of 22.3 dBi is realized. The gain variation and ARs in this scanning range are less than 2.9 and 2.5 dB, respectively.

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) reflectarray (RA) antenna using rotational symmetrical crossed dipoles is presented. This is the first time investigating coupled crossed dipoles as the unit cell for wideband reflection bandwidth in the CP RA design. Equivalent circuit analysis shows that when a CP wave impinges on the designed unit cell, two series resonances, and two parallel resonances are simultaneously excited on the crossed dipoles. Owing to these four different resonances, the CP reflection bandwidth is greatly improved and elaborately adjusted by controlling the coupling between the crossed dipoles. The CP reflection bandwidth ratio of the unit cell is enhanced up to 2:1 for $S_{x} &lt; -15$ dB with a thin thickness of $0.12 \lambda _{0}$ . Based on this unit cell, a wideband -20° collimated CP RA antenna with a circular aperture of 316 unit cells was designed, fabricated, and measured for final performance verification. The measured results show that a wide CP bandwidth of 7.6–15.9 GHz is achieved with the axial ratio (AR) < 3 dB. In addition, the measured 3 dB gain bandwidth is better than 43.7% with a peak realized gain of 26.3 dBic and maximum aperture efficiency (AE) of 58.3%.

In this letter, a miniaturized polarization-insensitive rectifying metasurface unit cell is proposed for powering electric devices of Internet of Things. The metasurface, an array of periodic unit cells, consists of two layers of substrate and three layers of metal. The metasurface unit cell is composed of eight asymmetric dipoles, which are arranged orthogonally and closely on both surfaces of the upper substrate. The strong coupling between dipoles induces extra reactive components, which makes the unit size be miniaturized to only 0.15λ0. The miniaturization mechanism is analyzed by the equivalent circuit theory. The simulation results show that the harvesting efficiency for arbitrary polarized waves is higher than 90% from 2.2 to 2.7 GHz (20%). Being integrated with Schottky diodes in the proper position, the rectifying metasurface is designed. A 2 × 2 array with the size of 0.3λ0 × 0.3λ0 was fabricated and measured. The maximum harvesting-rectifying efficiency is 61% at 2.45 GHz under different polarization angles. When the power density is 8 mW/cm2, 80 mW direct current power could be obtained.

A metal-perovskite hybrid metamaterial, comprising a gold cross and two gold arcs, is proposed. An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) based on bright–bright coupling model leads to a transparent window at 0.75 THz. A multipole scattering theory indicates that the EIT effect is generated by the destructive interference between the electric dipole and the toroidal dipole. By tuning the conductivity of perovskite, the EIT effect is dynamically controlled and shows the modulation depth of 34% at 0.75 THz. Moreover, the theoretical results calculated by the two-particle model are in good agreement with the simulated results. The group delay of the proposed EIT metamaterial can also be dynamically tuned and the maximum value of group delay is 3.53 ps. The sensitivity of the proposed EIT metamaterial is 0.182 THz/RIU. Compared with other sensors, our EIT metamaterial shows excellent sensitivity in the terahertz band. Our work provides a novel method for tunable EIT metamaterials and shows a great practical application value of modulators, slow light devices, and sensors.

An interleaved shared-aperture dual-band dual-polarized base station array antenna is proposed in this article. The lower-band (LB) element is realized by using a multiple folded-dipole antenna (MFDA) and four parasitic loops. To interpret the working principle of the MFDA, a double folded-dipole antenna (DFDA) is firstly analyzed by using the transmission line (TL) model. Then, by combining two bended DFDAs and introducing four parasitic loops, a low cross-band scattering LB element with a high out-of-band rejection level of 16 dB is obtained to cover 2.3–2.7 GHz. The higher-band (HB) element with a wide impedance bandwidth of 42.5% (3.0–4.6 GHz), a high roll-off rate (RoR) of 249.2 dB/GHz, and a high out-of-band rejection level of 17 dB is obtained by introducing a meander line loop (MLL), a rectangular loop (RL), and V-shaped strips (VSS) near the dipole arms. By combining the proposed low-scattering low-pass LB element and the high- RoR high-pass HB element, a novel interleaved shared-aperture dual-band dual-polarized array antenna with a small frequency ratio of 1.46 and a high cross-band isolation level of 25 dB is realized. Due to the low-scattering characteristic and filtering response of the LB element, the radiation patterns of the wideband HB sub-arrays are almost unaffected.

N-Linked glycoproteins are rich in seminal plasma, playing various essential roles in supporting sperm function and the fertilization process. However, the detailed information on these glycoproteins, particularly site-specific glycan structures, is still limited. In this study, a precision site-specific N-glycoproteome map of human seminal plasma was established by employing the site-specific glycoproteomic approach and a recently developed glycan structure interpretation software, StrucGP. A total of 9567 unique glycopeptides identified in human seminal plasma were composed of 773 N-linked glycan structures and 1019 N-glycosites from 620 glycoproteins. These glycans were comprised of four types of core structures and 13 branch structures. The majority of identified glycoproteins functioned in response to stimulus and immunity. As we reported in human spermatozoa, heavy fucosylation (fucose residues ≥6 per glycan) was also detected on seminal plasma glycoproteins such as clusterin and galectin-3-binding protein, which were involved in the immune response of biological processes and reactome pathways. Comparison of site-specific glycans between seminal plasma and spermatozoa revealed more complicated glycan structures in seminal plasma than in spermatozoa, even on their shared glycoproteins. These present data will be greatly beneficial for the in-depth structural and functional study of glycosylation in the male reproduction system.

Microwave power transmission (MPT) technology has been proposed to supply power to the long-reached systems, such as high altitude airships, unmanned vehicles, and far-reached wireless sensor networks, etc., and it is also the key technology of the solar power stations (SPS). Rectenna array, receiving the microwave (MW) and convert it into the direct current (DC) power, is one main component of an MPT system. In this paper, the development of rectenna arrays are reviewed. Second, the recent research work of rectennas and rectenna arrays at C-, X- and Ka-bands at Shanghai University are illustrated. Thirdly, based on the experimental results and reasonable evaluation, the designs of rectenna arrays for 1 kW DC power at different bands are evaluated and analyzed. Finally, prospects and challenges of rectenna array and MPT technology are discussed.

Mutations and/or duplications in the chromosome 2q24.3 region are known to be responsible for various epilepsy phenotypes. However, microdeletion in childhood epilepsy is rarely reported.

Three novel andrastin-type meroterpenoids, penicimeroterpenoids A–C (1–3), possessing two unprecedented skeletons consisting of fused 6/5/6/6/7 and 6/5/6/6/4 polycyclic systems, were obtained from the marine-derived fungus Penicilliumsp. SCSIO 41512. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations were further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for 1and quantum chemical calculations of ECD spectra for 2and 3, respectively. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1–3was proposed.

The purpose of this study was to use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify the incidence rate and risk factors for suicide death in patients with skin malignant melanoma (MM) in the USA. We screened cases of skin MM in the SEER database. The balance of covariates between the two groups was examined by the χ2-test and Fisher’s exact test. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for committing suicide. A propensity 1: 2 matched analysis was applied to minimize the risk of bias. In total, 103 500 patients with skin MM were included in the study, of whom 623 had died of suicide. The rate of suicide death did not differ significantly between different time intervals. In logistic regression before propensity score matching, age, being divorced, separated, or widowed, receiving radiation or chemotherapy, and the elapsed time since diagnosis were independently associated with an increased rate of suicide death. Only age (P  <  0.001) and being in the first year after a diagnosis (P  <  0.001) significantly increased the risk of suicide death after propensity score matching. In addition, after the propensity score matching, age was a risk factor for localized, regional, and unstaged, and being the first year after a diagnosis was only a risk factor for regional. It is important to identify and treat people at risk of suicide as early as possible. These results can help clinicians to understand suicidal patients and provide them with appropriate support.

Background:The protective effects of taurine supplementation on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have been defined, but the mechanisms are not quite clear yet. TRPC6 has been shown to function in the homeostasis of podocytes, but whether TRPC6-modulated mitochondrial dysfunctions participating in taurine-induced renal protection during diabetes are unclear. Methods:A DKD model was constructed using streptozocin (STZ), and an immortalized mouse podocytes cell line MPC-5 was used. Renal histology and western blot were used to analyze the expression levels of certain proteins. Cell proliferation assays, apoptosis assays, calcium influx, and mitochondrial functions were evaluated. Results:In this study, taurine intervention improved STZ-induced DKD injuries, while it decreased both 24-h urinary protein and podocytes apoptosis. In detail, this study showed that taurine treatment decreased mitochondrial ROS productions by suppressing calcium overload and improving mitochondrial respiratory functions. Furthermore, the upregulation of TRPC6 is partially responsible for the calcium overload during high glucose treatment, whereas taurine treatment inhibited TRPC6 expression and partially attenuated high glucose-induced podocytes injuries. In addition, we demonstrated that taurine could upregulate CSE expression and inhibits TRPC6 expression via promoting the synthesis of H2S. Conclusion:Our study reveals that taurine intervention could partially attenuate the lesions of DKD by modulating the CSE/TRPC6 axis.

Oropharyngeal stenosis (OPS) is a relatively rare long-term complication of tonsillectomy in children, resulting from the narrowing of the upper aerodigestive tract between the soft palate, pharyngeal sidewalls, and base of the tongue. This is the first reported case of OPS due to significant scar hyperplasia; however, whether it is as prone to recurrence as skin scar hypertrophy remains unknown. In this article, we present the case of a 5-year-old girl who presented to our otolaryngology clinic with sleep snoring and suffocation. Her medical history included tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, performed 3 years prior to presentation. The patient underwent a combination of surgery and administration of triamcinolone injections, resulting in significant symptomatic improvement. To date, no signs of recurrence have been reported.

AbstractThis paper used the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) model to investigate how family and individual affect the success of entrepreneurship. The results of statistical analysis show that individual competence is the most important factor affecting youngsters’ willingness to start a business. Collaboration ability, interpersonal social skills, and upbringing should also be considered as the important factors for the success of youth entrepreneurship.

The nonstructural protein 10 (nsp10) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) encodes for helicase which plays a vital role in viral replication. In the present study, a truncated form of nsp10, termed nsp10a, was found in PRRSV-infected cells and the production of nsp10a was strain-specific. Mass spectrometric analysis and deletion mutagenesis indicated that nsp10a may be short of about 70 amino acids in the N terminus of nsp10. Further studies by rescuing recombinant viruses showed that the Glu-69 in nsp10 was the key amino acid for nsp10a production. Finally, we demonstrated that nsp10a exerted little influence on the growth kinetics of PRRSV in vitro.

This paper demonstrates a prototype of a selfsustained body area networks (BAN) sensor, which consists of the electrically small triple-band rectenna, the direct current (dc) energy management and storage module, the microcontroller, and the sensing and communication module. The proposed antenna is composed of corrugated metal-insulator-metal plasmonic structures, which covers triple frequency bands, including GSM-900, UTMS2100, and TD-LTE bands. Its electrical size is only 0.21 λ × 0.2 λ at 900 MHz. The gains reach 1 dBi, 2.64 dBi, and -0.19 dBi at 0.9 GHz, 2.025 GHz, and 2.36 GHz, respectively. A triple-band rectifier for low power application is designed to convert the harvested radio frequency (RF) power into dc power. The maximum RF to dc conversion efficiency of the rectifier reaches 59% when the input power is -10 dBm. The proposed compact BAN sensor based on multiband wireless energy harvesting is suitable for human body self-monitoring and mobile healthcare.

The composition of influenza vaccines is updated annually. To ensure vaccine safety, the coverage and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) of 6 manufacturers of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV3) need to be evaluated. In January 2022, we analyzed data from more than 1.59 million children in the Childhood Vaccination Information Management System and the AEFI Surveillance Information Management System and evaluated influenza vaccines for children aged 6 to 35 months in Guangzhou from 2016/17 to 2019/20 Vaccination rates and AEFI reporting rates. From 2016/17 to 2019/20, the 1-dose influenza vaccination rate was 25.0% (range: 20.7%-30.2%), and the 2-dose (full course) influenza vaccination rate was 21.6% (range: 17.7%-26.4%). The full vaccination coverage rate has trended down since 2017/2018 (2017/18: 26.0%; 2018/19: 8.3; 2019/20: 17.7%). Fifty-two cases (13.1/100 000) and 24 cases (6.9/100 000) received AEFI reports for 1 dose and 2 doses, respectively, mainly due to fever ≥38.6°C (39 cases for 1 dose, 9.8/100 000; 15 cases for 2 dose, 4.3/100 000) and allergic rash (9 cases with 1 dose, 2.3/100 000; 5 cases with 2 doses, 1.4/100 000). Patients who received A and F manufacturers were more likely to report side effects. The safety of influenza vaccines from 6 manufacturers is good, and it is necessary to improve the recommended information on influenza vaccines to dispel people’s concerns and increase the vaccination rate.

Electron beam (EB) degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aqueous solutions was studied. It suggested that PFOA and PFOS degradation followed the pseudo-firstorder kinetics, and degradation rates increased with increasing initial pH. Radical scavengers’ experiments indicated that hydrated electron and hydrogen radical were important in the electron beam degradation of PFOA and PFOS, especially hydrated electron. The decomposition efficiencies were 95.7% for PFOA and 85.9% for PFOS, by EB irradiation in an anoxic alkaline solution (pH = 13). The potential degradation pathways of PFOA and PFOS by electron beam irradiation through defluorination and the removal of CH2unit were proposed.

Microcavities based on asymmetrical Fano resonance have great potential in the application of ultra-sensitive sensors. In this paper, a very sharp asymmetrical Fano resonance is achieved by indirectly coupled gain–loss cavities. The sensitivity for detecting temperature can be enhanced up to 10^7/K, 8 orders of magnitude greater than that for two indirectly coupled lossy cavities. The resolution of the thermal sensor reaches 10^−13  K. A thermal sensing mechanism based on coupled gain–loss optical cavities is investigated theoretically. The integrated structure shows potential to be an ultra-sensitive temperature microsensor.

Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniaeare usual cause of upper respiratory tract infection cases. The present study aims the isolation of bacterial strains which are resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics. In total, 900 throat swabs were obtained from the patients suffering from upper respiratory tract infections residing in three different localities. The maximum number of isolates (64 %) were obtained from locality-1 (L-1), whereas lowest isolates were found in second locality (L-2). H. influenzaewas found to be the most dominant bacterial pathogen in upper respiratory tract infections in patients with 42 % of the total isolates. H. influenzaeand Chlamydia pneumoniaewere resistant to β-lactam antibiotics but susceptible to fluroquinolones and aminoglycosides, whereas S. aureusand S. pneumoniaewere found to be highly resistant to β-lactam, aminoglycosides and fluroquinolones. S. aureuswas also moderately resistant to fluroquinolones and aminoglycosides with percent resistance of 26, 33 and 18 %, respectively. 56 % S. pneumoniaeisolates were resistant against erythromycin, 27 % against chloramphenicol and 23 % against cefuroxime. The studies revealed that S. aureusand S. pneumoniaestrains were high producer of biofilms which could be one of the reasons for their high pathogenicity.

In our previous research, a series of phenylsulfonylfuroxan-based hydroxamates were developed, among which compound 1exhibited remarkable in vitro and in vivo antitumor potency due to its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and nitric oxide (NO)-donating activities. Herein, the in-depth study of compound 1revealed that this HDAC inhibitor-NO donor hybrid could enduringly increase the intracellular levels of acetyl histones and acetyl α-tubulin, which could be ascribed to its irreversible inhibition toward class I HDACs and HDAC6. Structural modification of compound 1led to a novel phenylsulfonylfuroxan-based hydroxamate 4, which exhibited considerable HDAC6 inhibitory activity and selectivity. Furthermore, compound 4could inhibit intracellular HDAC6 both selectively and irreversibly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research reporting the irreversible inhibition of HDAC6. It was also demonstrated that compared with ACY-241 (a reversible HDAC6 inhibitor in clinical trials), the irreversible HDAC6 selective inhibitor 4exhibited not only superior anti-multiple myeloma activity but also improved therapeutic index.

For patients in whom an upper extremity (UE) vascular access cannot be established, the lower extremity (LE) arteriovenous graft (AVG) could be selected. However, the application of LE AVG is limited owing to its high infection rate, uncertain patency time, and technical difficulties. This study aimed to compare the long-term patency rates and the incidence of vascular access complications of AVG in the lower and upper extremities to provide a reference for the applications of AVG, especially in the lower extremities.

A 2 × 2 multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with super‐ultra wideband (super‐UWB), dual band‐notched characteristics and high gain is proposed. The antenna element consists of a circular slot shape radiator fed by a tapered feedline on the top side of the substrate, whereas defected ground structure (DGS) is etched on the bottom ground plane. The DGS and tapered feedline has been designed to produce the super‐UWB performance. Dual‐band notch is achieved by etching a J‐shape slot in the radiator and an I‐shape slot at the edges of the ground plane. The dual‐band notch prevents the electromagnetic interference allocated for other wireless applications. High isolation is realized by incorporating a plus‐shape decoupling structure with four small arm shape stubs at the center of the ground plane. A prototype was fabricated to verify the simulated and measurement results. The proposed design achieves a super‐ultra wide bandwidth of 165% (3.4 ∼ 35 GHz), isolation of 21 dB, and a peak gain of 13 dBi. The notched bands are at 6.6 and 10 GHz. The envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.01. The overall size of the MIMO design is 0.58λ0L× 0.34λ0L(λ0Lis the free‐space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency). A 2 × 2 super‐ultra wideband (super‐UWB) multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna is proposed for dual band‐notched characteristics and high gainDefected ground structure and tapered feedline play an important role in achieving the super‐UWB performanceThe proposed design achieves a maximum gain of 13 dBi with the lowest envelope correlation coefficient of 0.015 A 2 × 2 super‐ultra wideband (super‐UWB) multiple‐input multiple‐output antenna is proposed for dual band‐notched characteristics and high gain Defected ground structure and tapered feedline play an important role in achieving the super‐UWB performance The proposed design achieves a maximum gain of 13 dBi with the lowest envelope correlation coefficient of 0.015