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To solve the critical issue of the poor cycling stability caused by large volume expansion of Si-based anodes during Li lithiation/delithiation processes, spherical Si hollow nanostructures are prepared based on Kirkendall effect via a simple molten salt-assisted magnesiothermic reduction technique. The hollow structure of silicon provides additional internal space for the volume expansion of silicon. The novel hollow Si nanostructure shows good electrochemical performance as Li-ion battery anodes. After 50 cycles, it can provide 1302 mAh·g−1capacity with current density of 0.2 A·g−1. The material has a unique hollow structure that allows the expansion of silicon during the lithium process, providing better cycle life and rate capability than direct reduction of bulk silicon.Spherical hollow Si nanostructure was successfully synthesized based on Kirkendall effect by reduction of silica via a simple molten salt-assisted magnesiothermic reduction reaction. With unique hollow structure for silicon expansion during the lithiation/delithiation process, the spherical hollow Si nanostructure shows better cycle life and rate capability than directly reduced bulk silicon.

Soybean peroxidase (SBP) is characterized by relatively high heat resistance, wide substrate scope, good stability and broad pH applicability. These advantages led SBP to be used as labeledantibody for immunoassays. In this work, monoclonal antibody was linked with SBP to beta-HCG (Mab II-SBP) for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or chemiluminescence assay to explore its potential as an alternative to the widely used horseradish peroxidase (HRP) based ELISA. The Mab II-SBP was prepared by the sodium periodate oxidation method. The effects of enzyme coupling rate and molar ratio of Mab II to enzyme on assay performance were investigated. The optimum mass concentration ratio of Mab II and SBP was determined to be 1:3. The best coat concentration of the monoclonal antibody to alfa-HCG antibody (Mab I) was 4 μg/mL. Under optimum conditions, the HCG concentration was determined by the proposed ELISA assay with linear response range from 0.18 to 18 ng/mL and detection limit of 0.07 ng/mL at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Both enhancers, 3-(10’-phenothiazinyl) propane- 1-sulfonate (SPTZ) and 4-morpholinopyridine (MORPH), amplified chemiluminescence intensity nearly 200-fold in comparison to the SBP-luminol-H2O2 system. The present work demonstrates the feasibility and rationale of SBP-labeling antibodies for ELISA and chemiluminescence assays.