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The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently become important in accelerating various functions, from manufacturing and business to healthcare and retail. A recommender system can handle the problem of information and data buildup in IoT-based smart commerce systems. These technologies are designed to determine users' preferences and filter out irrelevant information. Identifying items and services that customers might be interested in and then convincing them to buy is one of the essential parts of effective IoT-based smart shopping systems. Due to the relevance of product-recommender systems from both the consumer and shop perspectives, this article presents a new IoT-based smart product-recommender system based on an apriori algorithm and fuzzy logic. The suggested technique employs association rules to display the interdependencies and linkages among many data objects. The most common use of association rule discovery is “shopping cart analysis.” Customers' buying habits and behavior are studied based on the numerous goods they place in their shopping carts. As a result, the association rules are generated using a fuzzy system. The apriori algorithm then selects the product based on the provided fuzzy association rules. The results revealed that the suggested technique had achieved acceptable results in terms of mean absolute error, root-mean-square error, precision, recall, diversity, novelty, and catalog coverage when compared to cutting-edge methods. Finally, the method helps increase recommender systems' diversity in IoT-based smart shopping.

Frequency regulation in Multi-region Interconnected Power Systems (MIPS), incorporating wind turbine systems, energy storage units, and demand response, is a challenging control problem. The problem involves maintaining grid stability, integrating variable renewable energy sources, enhancing grid resilience, optimizing energy storage and demand response capabilities, and ensuring regulatory compliance. Effective frequency regulation is a key problem for reliable and sustainable power system operation. In this paper, complex and uncertain dynamics in various components of a MIPS are modeled using multiple first-order dynamic fractional-order Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems (T2-FLSs). The models are evaluated, and the best possible dynamic model is chosen. With the best possible model, an optimal controller is designed. The stability and optimality analysis are presented through a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) approach. The adaptive laws of T2-FLSs are derived such that some LMI-based conditions are satisfied. The designed controller does not depend on the dynamics of MIPS. The uncertainties of time-varying load, wind energy, and solar power are modeled using T2-FLSs. The suggested LMI technique presents adaptation laws for T2-FLSs to ensure stability in the presage of natural disturbances and errors. The designed scheme is validated by applying to a practical 39-bus IEEE test system that includes the wind farms, demand response, and energy storage systems. The simulation results under various conditions verify the usefulness of the suggested controller. The comparisons with conventional controllers demonstrate that the suggested approach is more effective under uncertainties and natural perturbations.

In the current study, an experimental study was carried out on the rheological properties of hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluid (MWCNTs–ZnO/Water–Ethylene glycol (80:20vol.%)) to develop a new model. The viscosities of nanofluid were evaluated in the temperature range of 25–50°C with volume fractions of φ=0.075%, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2%. We find that the effect of changes is more obvious when the φis increased. So the property of non-Newtonian nanofluid is more likely to appear. In addition to a temperature of 25°C, the viscosity increase from a φ=0% to 1.2% is higher than 90%, which is very significant. Also, in the maximum φ, at T=50°C, 40°C and 30°C, the viscosity reduction is 21%, 17%, and 8%, respectively, relative to the reference temperature (25°C). The above results can be of great help to engineers in designing thermal systems to increase heat transfer and considering pumping power.

AbstractOn the basis of pair-copula theory, GARCH model and minimized CVaR approach, the pair-copula-GARCH-GED model was established by the paper to generate the future ROA scenario complying with the historical ROA distribution, and the optimal investment weight of asset portfolio was obtained through the minimized CVaR. In accordance with the empirical analysis, it can be seen that the model could describe the ROA distribution of asset portfolio better, and the one to put the pair-copula approach into the model could bring a more accurate result when analyzing the dependency relationship between multi-dimensional ROAs. The investment portfolio on this basis has better performance on the aspects of stability and profitability.

AbstractIn this paper, Merton’s typical consumption-saving and investment portfolio selection problem was expanded to the having-time inconformity preference of object, so individual needs to consider to change his/her personal preference when making a decision. By using the simpler method, the HJB equations under different circumstances of limited time and unlimited time were respectively obtained. Besides, the analytical solution of the consumption & investment portfolio selection of the utility function for constant absolute risk aversion was obtained. Compared the study result of Merton with that of this paper, the consumption and wealth were founded to have a linear relationship; however their percentage was not a constant any more, and the percentage of the investment on risky assets was not a constant either, but the total value of the investment on risky assets remained unchanged. Such conclusion has an important guiding significance to the optimization of the cross-period consumption and investment portfolio of investor.

AbstractChange in the risk preference of financial asset will bring a change to the utility function of investor, and thereby cause a change to the investment consumption decision. In financial market, the price of risk asset is usually simulated by the geometry Brown movement. In order to make the price of risky asset closer to the reality, the mean reverting process was used to simulate the drift parameter of risky asset in this paper, which was rightly different from the traditional hypothesis. The research in this paper overcame not only the deficiency in the previous research literatures, but also considered the impacts of the risky asset drift coefficient obeying to the mean reverting process on financial asset investment consumption decision, and furthermore derived the value function and the corresponding financial asset’s optimal investment strategy on the basis of the martingale approach, which has important practical value for investor for realizing the utility maximization.

AbstractIn this paper a new decision-making method was proposed by relying on the powerful fuzzy information expression ability of Vague set and the practicability of TOPSIS method and grey correlation method on the aspect of multi-attribute decision-making problems. Such new decision-making method based on the integrated TOPSIS method and grey correlation method of Vague set meets not only the decision-making requirements on the accuracy depicted by uncertain fuzzy information and the flexibility of disposal, but also meets the requirements of making comprehensive evaluation on the goodness and badness of decision-making scheme; it represents synchronously the dual-benchmark characteristics of position and shape similarity, and thereby provides a new thinking for the multi-attribute decision-making problems. Lastly, the paper took the selection of target enterprise under merger and acquisition as the analysis basis to describe the effectiveness and feasibility of the decision-making method.

AbstractBackground: on the context of current medical health supply side reform, medical industry will focus on three aspects accurately, i.e.: “adjusting structure, reducing costs and replenishing short-slab”, whereas the operation efficiency of medical industry is the important issue attracted the attention of academic circles. Methods: the medical industry is easier to be affected by external uncontrollable factors, for instance public health emergency or change in health policy will affect the service cost of hospital, and thence the operation efficiency of medical industry is researched and evaluated by adopting the stochastic frontier cost model. Results: according to the empirical research, Chinese medical industry achieved higher operation efficiency in the process of medical health supply side reform, it reflects not only the higher medical service and management level of medical institution and, but the matching attribute with their current sale. However several hospitals had lower cost efficiency for their medical services, adopted extensive management and involved in insufficient medical resource utilization. Conclusions: the stochastic frontier cost model measures the efficiency of hospital input and output from multiple angles; it has higher scientific nature and adaptability, and complies with the current medical health supply side reform requirements; moreover it is beneficial to expedite to develop Chinese medical industry, reduce operation cost, improve the operation efficiency of medical industry, and boost the medical health supply side reform to achieve success.

AbstractBackground: in the context of deeply promoting supply-side structural reform in China, the bio-pharmaceutical industry of China is being boosted from three aspects of “adjusting structure, reducing costs and replenishing short-slab”, and the comprehensive strength assessment of bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster has become the important issue focused by the academic circles. Methods: the comparative analysis was made for the comprehensive strength of China bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster on the basis of grey theory analysis by establishing the assessment indicator system and assessment model complying with the characteristics of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry. Results: the empirical study revealed that: the comprehensive strength of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the Yangtze River Delta Region was higher than that of the bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta and the circum-Bohai-Sea, the comprehensive strength of the bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the Pearl River Delta was higher than that of the bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster in the circum-Bohai-Sea. Conclusions: the comprehensive strength of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster has to improve further; Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster needs not only to grasp the opportunity of current supply-side reform to further optimize industrial structure, but also needs to focus on the supply-side elements to improve production efficiency of element and promote its transformation and upgrading.

AbstractIn view of the limited budget of governmental finance and high demands on health and hygiene resources, government needs to study the decision-making issues concerned about the prior allocation behavior of governmental hygiene resources under the circumstance of co-existing disease risk and medical treatment risk in the supply side reform of medical health field. In this paper, the risk preference conditions of social planner for co-existing disease risk and treatment risk having influence on the hygiene allocation of the higher risk group were provided. When both risks are co-existing, the preference conditions of social planner under the single risk are ineffective for him/her for allocating more hygiene resources. The joint effect of the two types of risks is uncertain; however it can be eliminated by applying new risk preference conditions. This paper focuses on researching the hygiene resource allocation sorting risk source under an uncertain condition and finding the important role of the correlation between two risks for the governmental decision on hygiene resource allocation, they will have important significance for deeply pushing the supply side reform of medical health field, improving medical health supply structure and improving public health.

AbstractSpace M&A based on industrial concentration and pursuing concentration rent and spillover effect in new normal has become an important method to realize industrial up-grading, and how to evaluate value effect of space M&A with two-stage production system becomes a new project that has yet to be studies in academia. The article builds a M&A value evaluation simulation model based on DEA non-cooperation game to evaluate value effect of space M&A in financial industry in China.it shows, Space M&A with hypotactic game relationship can bring about substantial potential cost saving, and there must be system M&A valid when all subsystems are M&A valid. Optimal input-output index and optimal value index of intermediate variables based on model calculation further helps to obtain the measure of space M&A value improvement, which provides commercial banks with immediate empirical evidences to select M&A under new normal, helps to facilitate optimization of financial resources space configuration, and promotes transformation and upgrading as well as innovative driving of financial industry in China.

AbstractThe key to deepening the reform of Chinese economic system is to speed up rural financial reform, strengthen the financial support for new agricultural business entities, and accelerate cultivation and development of new agricultural business entities. The paper, taking pilot area for rural financial reform in Lishui of Zhejiang as the subject of study, makes an in-depth research on an influence of Chinese rural financial reform on cultivation of new agricultural business entities. Empirical research shows, financial support is an important means of cultivating new agricultural business entities, special finances such as governmental universal finance and special finance from financing institutions and funds in the hands of family farms exert an outstanding influence on cultivation of new rural agricultural business entities. Finance supports with different sources play a certain alternative part in cultivation of new agricultural business entities. It is very important for cultivation of new agricultural business entities to strengthen the intensity of rural financial reform and optimize allocation of rural financial resources, which indicates the direction to deepen rural financial reform of China.

In this paper, the thermal management (THM) of a battery pack (BPK) with 9 cylindrical batteries is numerically modeled. The batteries are 18,650 lithium-ion (LIN) type, which are placed in an air duct. A capsule of Phase Change Materials (PCM) is placed around all the LIN battery cells. The PCM used was CaCl2.6H2O, which was oval in the PCM capsule. This study was performed when the entire PCM was molten, and the air stream was trying to solidify it. At all times, the LIN battery is working and generating heat. By changing the horizontal distance of the battery cells from each other, this study has been done for different times of battery operation. An economic analysis has also been performed on the cost of electricity consumed to generate airflow in the battery pack for different battery distances. For numerical modeling, multi-physics COMSOL software has been used. The enthalpy method was used to simulate the PCM freezing front. Examination of the PCM solidification front showed that the PCM solidification was formed from the air inlet side. The highest amount of solid PCM occurred at fixed times for the first column of the LIN battery, while the last column batteries had the lowest amount of frozen PCM. Increasing the distance of the LIN battery cells horizontally from each other causes the amount of PCM temperature (TPCM) and LIN battery temperature (TBat) to decrease. At 120 min and at a horizontal distance of 8 cm from each other, the amount of molten PCM is 22.98% and at a distance of 11 cm the amount of molten PCM It has reached 8.73%. Changing the distance between the batteries may thus affect the quantity of molten PCM by 14.25% at this time. It was also found that increasing the distance between the batteries reduces the cost of electricity used to solidify the PCM.

In this work, a battery pack (BAPA) containing 21 cylindrical battery cells was investigated. Active and passive approaches are used to regulate the battery's thermal management (THM). An enclosure packed with phase change material (PCM) surrounding the battery is employed for passive heat control. For the active method, forced airflow is utilized. PCM enclosure has two shapes of circular and elliptical, in which paraffin is used. In the active method, air flows into the BAPA at the velocity range of 0.0005 to 0.002 m/s. An economic analysis is performed for the electricity cost of the active method for several European countries. Battery temperature (T-B), pressure drop (PDP) in the BAPA at different air velocities, and two different shapes of the PCM enclosure are evaluated. The FEM is used for simulations. The results reveal that the use of an elliptical enclosure increases the maximum temperature (T-Mx) and average temperature (T-Av) of the battery and the amount of molten PCM also enhances compared to the circular enclosure. Also, the amount of PDP and power cost in the elliptical enclosure is more than that in the circular one. By increasing the velocity, the active technique decreases the amount of T-B while also increasing the amount of PDP and power cost.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the eco-cluster and low-carbon technology innovation of biomedicine industry in China.METHODS:In the context of the construction of ecological civilization, To analyze the status and existing problems of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster and to explore viable industry gathering mode and low-carbon technologies innovative ways.CONCLUSIONS:Ecological industry is the fundamental way out of structure optimization and upgrading of China’s bio pharmaceutical industry. The development of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry must take the path of ecological gather and the key step lies in the low carbon technology innovation of biopharmaceutical.

•The waste heat recovery system with PCM studied experimentally.•The heat recovery system is a cross-flow gas heat exchanger.•The study case is a greenhouse of 20×66 m2in the city of Isfahan.•Adding the HRS, the improvement of energy efficiency is 140% and 33%.

•The liquid desiccant air conditioning system with free convection of desiccant has benefits over conventional systems.•The prototype system made up of two externally cooled/heated hollow fiber membrane liquid to air energy exchangers worked as dehumidifier/ regenerator.•The performance of system studied under the standard summer air conditions.•Sensitivity analysis performed by evaluating system indexes in different air flow rates.•The coefficient of performance (COP) of system is 0.85 at the base conditions.