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Pyrolysis, an economically viable method, thermochemically converts solid fuel into transportation fuels and value-added chemicals, such as clean gas, liquid fuels, and chemicals, alongside undesirable by-products. Photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS) is a versatile technique for real-time process analysis, offering ‘soft’ ionization for complex analytes, detecting and analyzing ions during in-situpyrolysis. This review focuses on recent applications of PIMS during pyrolysis of solid fuels (i.e. coal, biomass and energetic materials). It summarizes studies on mass spectrometric analysis combined with different reactors and highlights the benefits through online PIMS as a diagnostic tool for in-situanalysis. It provides an overview of interplay between experimental advancements and models and discusses future perspectives, potential applications in support of mechanistic studies.

Humans are the primary sources of CO2and NH3indoors. Their emission rates may be influenced by human physiological and psychological status. This study investigated the impact of physiological and psychological engagements on the human emissions of CO2and NH3. In a climate chamber, we measured CO2and NH3emissions from participants performing physical activities (walking and running at metabolic rates of 2.5 and 5 met, respectively) and psychological stimuli (meditation and cognitive tasks). Participants’ physiological responses were recorded, including the skin temperature, electrodermal activity (EDA), and heart rate, and then analyzed for their relationship with CO2and NH3emissions. The results showed that physiological engagement considerably elevated per-person CO2emission rates from 19.6 (seated) to 46.9 (2.5 met) and 115.4 L/h (5 met) and NH3emission rates from 2.7 to 5.1 and 8.3 mg/h, respectively. CO2emissions reduced when participants stopped running, whereas NH3emissions continued to increase owing to their distinct emission mechanisms. Psychological engagement did not significantly alter participants’ emissions of CO2and NH3. Regression analysis revealed that CO2emissions were predominantly correlated with heart rate, whereas NH3emissions were mainly associated with skin temperature and EDA. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of human metabolic emissions of CO2and NH3.

Under the background of Internet of Things, users pursue a higher quality of immersive visual experience, including virtual reality, augmented reality, and stereoscopic information. In order to ensure the quality of experience, an effective quality assessment method is proposed to accurately determine the quality of information. Specifically, for the large amount of stereo video data, the representative sequence of stereo video is extract to reduce the data volume. Inspired by binocular channel theory, operators of the difference map and the novel fusion map are executed on these sequences. Then a dynamic texture descriptor, known as volume local binary pattern, is employed to represent the spatio-temporal domain to predict the stereo video quality. Experiments have been executed on two public databases and results show that our method has excellent quality prediction capability.

Bacteria contamination in Auricularia auricularculture bags reduces yield and increases the risk of food safety. In this study, 5 species of bacteria, mainly gram-positive bacteria including three species of Bacillusspp., Arthrobacter arilaitensisand Staphylococcus warneri, were isolated and identified from bacteria-contaminated A. auricularculture bags. An in silicopredicted antimicrobial peptide from the β-1,3-glucan-binding protein sequence of Penaeus vannamei, designated PvGBP2 (FLKLGRKSRYGMLKL), was screened and its antibacterial effect and mechanism of action on the isolated Bacillusspp. explored. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of PvGBP2 on Bacillusspp. were 15.6–31.25 μg/mL. Peptide PvGBP2 could inhibit Bacillus subtilisin A. auricularculture bags to maintain growth and yield of A. auricular. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that PvGBP2 kills bacteria by perforating the cell wall, destroying membrane integrity and resulting in the leakage of intracellular solutes. In addition, PvGBP2 inhibits biofilm formation by B. subtilisby 90.6 % at 1 × MIC. Thus, peptide PvGBP2 could be potentially applied as an antibacterial agent to control bacterial infection of A. auricularcultivation and the spread of foodborne pathogens.

This article examines political criticism and oppositional discourses on China’s Internet from 2012, near the end of Hu Jintao’s era, up through the current Xi Jinping administration. We focus on two main types of Internet activity in which criticism and discourses emerge—online mass incidents and defiant enclaves—and compare their discursive elements. The core messages and critiques by leading activists and dissidents and their followers in the latter have become more multilayered, radical, and antiregime. Both types of political dissent are alive and persist, but the potential for them to connect various social grievances has declined in recent years, as state control over the Internet and digital spaces has significantly tightened.

Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death characterized by excessive iron accumulation and uncontrollable lipid peroxidation. The role of ferroptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is not fully elucidated. In this study we compared the therapeutic effects of ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 (LPT1) and iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) in MAFLD mouse models. This model was established in mice by feeding a high-fat diet with 30% fructose in water (HFHF) for 16 weeks. The mice then received LPT1 (10 mg·kg−1·d−1, ip) or DFP (100 mg·kg−1·d−1, ig) for another 2 weeks. We showed that both LPT1 and DFP treatment blocked the ferroptosis markers ACSL4 and ALOX15 in MAFLD mice. Furthermore, LPT1 treatment significantly reduced the liver levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, lipid peroxidation markers 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and ameliorated the expression of lipid synthesis/oxidation genes (Pparα, Scd1, Fasn, Hmgcrand Cpt1a), insulin resistance, mitochondrial ROS content and liver fibrosis. Importantly, LPT1 treatment potently inhibited hepatic apoptosis (Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and TUNEL+cell number), pyroptosis (cleavages of Caspase-1 and GSDMD) and necroptosis (phosphorylation of MLKL). Moreover, LPT1 treatment markedly inhibited cleavages of PANoptosis-related caspase-8 and caspase-6 in MAFLD mouse liver. In an in vitro MAFLD model, treatment with LPT1 (100 nM) prevented cultured hepatocyte against cell death induced by pro-PANoptosis molecules (TNF-α, LPS and nigericin) upon lipid stress. On the contrary, DFP treatment only mildly attenuated hepatic inflammation but failed to alleviate lipid deposition, insulin resistance, apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis in MAFLD mice. We conclude that ferroptosis inhibitor LPT1 protects against steatosis and steatohepatitis in MAFLD mice, which may involve regulation of PANoptosis, a coordinated cell death pathway that involves apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. These results suggest a potential link between ferroptosis and PANoptosis.

. The relationship between aircraft noise, loss of hearing and annoyance was explored in a study in two schools located near an international airport in Taiwan. Sixthgrade students (N = 242) were recruited from two schools and were classified into high-and low-noise-exposure groups, based on environmental noise measurements. Personal-equivalent 24-h noise exposure was measured to determine noise exposure at the individual level, and it was compared with hearing threshold level and with aircraft noise measured at the environmental level. individual hearing threshold levels did not differ between environmental high- and low-noise-exposure groups, as evidenced by the lack of difference between the two groups for noise exposure measured at the individual level. However, the proportion of students who were annoyed by aircraft noise was higher in the environmental high-noise-exposure group, although personal 24-h noise exposure was not a factor for annoyance. The results indicated that environmental noise measurement was not an appropriate criterion for assessment of auditory damage (or noise-induced hearing loss) in Taiwan. As well, aircraft-noise exposure in Taiwan did not appear to affect the hearing threshold but nonetheless annoyed schoolchildren near the airport., AS A CONSEQUENCE of the rapid increase in air traffic, aircraft-noise pollution in the vicinity of airports has become a major public health concern. Individuals who reside near an airport [...]

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A major component of human skin oil is squalene, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon that protects the skin from atmospheric oxidants. Skin oil, and thus squalene, is continuously replenished on the skin surface. Squalene is also quickly consumed through reactions with ozone and other oxidants. This study examined the extent of squalene depletion in the skin oils of the forearm of human volunteers after exposure to ozone in a climate chamber. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), skin coverage by clothing, and participants’ age were varied in a controlled manner. Concentrations of squalene were determined in skin wipe samples collected before and after ozone exposure. Exposures to ozone resulted in statistically significant decreases in post-exposure squalene concentrations compared to pre-exposure squalene concentrations in the skin wipes when squalene concentrations were normalized by concentrations of co-occurring cholesterol but not by co-occurring pyroglutamic acid (PGA). The rate of squalene loss due to ozonolysis was lower than its replenishment on the skin surface. Within the ranges examined, temperature and RH did not significantly affect the difference between normalized squalene levels in post-samples versus pre-samples. Although not statistically significant, skin coverage and age of the volunteers (three young adults, three seniors, and three teenagers) did appear to impact squalene depletion on the skin surfaces.

Ozone reaction with human surfaces is an important source of ultrafine particles indoors. However, 1–20 nm particles generated from ozone–human chemistry, which mark the first step of particle formation and growth, remain understudied. Ventilation and indoor air movement could have important implications for these processes. Therefore, in a controlled-climate chamber, we measured ultrafine particles initiated from ozone–human chemistry and their dependence on the air change rate (ACR, 0.5, 1.5, and 3 h–1) and operation of mixing fans (on and off). Concurrently, we measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and explored the correlation between particles and gas-phase products. At 25–30 ppb ozone levels, humans generated 0.2–7.7 × 1012of 1–3 nm, 0–7.2 × 1012of 3–10 nm, and 0–1.3 × 1012of 10–20 nm particles per person per hour depending on the ACR and mixing fan operation. Size-dependent particle growth and formation rates increased with higher ACR. The operation of mixing fans suppressed the particle formation and growth, owing to enhanced surface deposition of the newly formed particles and their precursors. Correlation analyses revealed complex interactions between the particles and VOCs initiated by ozone–human chemistry. The results imply that ventilation and indoor air movement may have a more significant influence on particle dynamics and fate relative to indoor chemistry.

Human emissions of fluorescent aerosol particles (FAPs) can influence the biological burden of indoor air. Yet, quantification of FAP emissions from human beings remains limited, along with a poor understanding of the underlying emission mechanisms. To reduce the knowledge gap, we characterized human emissions of size-segregated FAPs (1–10 μm) and total particles in a climate chamber with low-background particle levels. We probed the influence of several personal factors (clothing coverage and age) and environmental parameters (level of ozone, air temperature, and relative humidity) on particle emissions from human volunteers. A material-balance model showed that the mean emission rate ranged 5.3–16 × 106fluorescent particles per person-h (0.30–1.2 mg per person-h), with a dominant size mode within 3–5 μm. Volunteers wearing long-sleeve shirts and pants produced 40% more FAPs relative to those wearing t-shirts and shorts. Particle emissions varied across the age groups: seniors (average age 70.5 years) generated 50% fewer FAPs compared to young adults (25.0 years) and teenagers (13.8 years). While we did not observe a measurable influence of ozone (0 vs 40 ppb) on human FAP emissions, there was a strong influence of relative humidity (34 vs 62%), with FAP emissions decreasing by 30–60% at higher humidity.

Titanium–oxo clusters (TOCs) are attractive as a rapidly growing class of molecular materials due to their use as molecular models and precursors of nano-titanium-oxide. However, most TOCs can only be dissolved in nonaqueous solvents, which largely limits their potential applications in biological or environmental situations. Very few water-soluble TOCs were reported, which can be used directly in aqueous biomedical systems. However, until now, no research studies of such TOCs involved in biomedical fields have been documented. We report here a series of lanthanide–titanium–oxo clusters (LnTOCs) formulated as {H2@[Ln2Ti8(μ3-O)8(μ2-O)4(Ac)16]}3·24CH3CN·23H2O (Ln = Eu(III) 1, Tb(III) 2, and Yb(III) 3). The compounds are easily soluble in water and form a stable solution of the cluster aggregates (LnTOC-a). Therefore, nano-biocompatible TiO materals can be prepared from these LnTOCs just by dissolving them in water. The nanoscale aggregates in water solutions were characterized by SEI-MS, 1H NMR, XPS, IR, and EDS mapping. Using the EuTOC-a solution, excellent fluorescence sensor properties for biomolecule ascorbic acid were found. Furthermore, biocompatibility and fluorescent labeling properties of the EuTOC-a for HeLa cells were evaluated. The results indicated that water-soluble LnTOCs can be used to prepare biocompatible fluorescent Ln–Ti–O nanomaterials.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of children with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and preliminarily explore the indications for and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in certain patients. Methods: The data of 49 children with adrenocortical tumors (ACT) in the past 15 years were retrospectively analyzed, and after pathology assessment using Weiss system grading, 40 children diagnosed with ACC were included. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of contrast-enhanced computed tomography data were used to evaluate the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Forty patients (17 males, 23 females) with ACC were enrolled. Abnormal hormone levels were common in children with ACC (n= 31), and in terms of clinical presentation, sexual precocity was the most common (n= 14, 35.0%), followed by Cushing’s syndrome (n= 12, 30.0%). Seven of 40 children received neoadjuvant chemotherapy due to a maximum lesion diameter greater than 10 cm (n= 4), invasion of surrounding tissues (n= 2), intravenous tumor thrombus (n= 2), and/or distant metastasis (n= 2); 2 patients achieved partial response, and 5 had stable disease according to the RECIST 1.1 standard. Furthermore, 3D tumor volume reconstruction was performed in 5 children before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor volumes were significantly reduced in all 5 children, with a median volume reduction of 270 (interquartile range, IQR 83, 293) (range: 49–413) ml. After surgery with/without chemotherapy, the 5-year overall survival rate for all children was 90.0% (95% CI-confidence interval 80.0–100.0%), and the 5-year event-free survival rate was 81.5% (95% CI 68.0–97.7%). Conclusion: In the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric ACC, a comprehensive endocrine evaluation is necessary to facilitate early diagnosis. Surgery and chemotherapy are important components of ACC treatment, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for children with ACC who meet certain criteria, such as a large tumor, distant metastases, or poor general condition.

Model studies on dye sensitized titanium oxides have attracted wide interest with respect to their importance in understanding photoelectric and photophysical processes. Ligand modified titanium oxo clusters (TOCs) have been considered as the most appropriate models for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) on the basis of their atomically precise structures. However, the ligands used previously in TOC models were seldom the dyes that really applied in DSSCs due to the difficulty with which the crystals of the dye anchored TOCs are obtained. We report herein a series of TOCs with the popularly used arylamine-cyanoacrylate dyes. As the closest model of DSSCs, the TOCs were studied by DFT calculations based on their accurate structural information. They have also been applied to photoelectric conversion evaluation by a solar cell device. Both the theoretical and application results showed that the synergistic effect of intradye molecular charge transfer (ICT) and dye to TiO cluster charge transfer (LMCT) is important in increasing the power conversion efficiency.

The Hong Kong government made tactical use of legal instruments to end the Occupy Movement in 2014, yet there were divergent responses to the injunctions at the two main protest sites. Through a within-case comparison, this study argues that diverging legal frames explain the different reactions at the two sites. Law, as a constitutive symbol of certain collective action frames, constructs the boundaries of a movement and creates expectations among protesters regarding how to address legal instruments. The protesters in Admiralty tended to adhere to a law-abiding frame that required them to respect and obey the law when confronted with legal tactics. In contrast, the framing contest and self-selection of participants made activists in Mongkok susceptible to a law-defying frame that disposed them to resist the actions of law enforcement authorities. This study sheds light on the conditions under which protesters will obey the law.

With the rapid expansion and extension of natural gas exploration and development, it is more and more difficult to discover large-scale reserves in China. To intensify the research on new natural gas exploration domains, we reviewed the progress and trend of natural gas exploration and analyzed the main areas with large-scale proved gas in place (GIP). Then, based on a statistic analysis of large gas fields in China as well as their hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics, their genetic systems were classified and each system's distribution law was also identified. Some research results were obtained. First, carbonate paleo-uplifts of cratonic basins, tight sandstones of extensive gentle slopes and thrust structures of foreland basins are the main areas with large-scale proved GIP in China. Second, there are five genetic systems for large gas fields, i.e. cratonic rift and paleo-uplift (A), stable slope of low-angle open lake (B), thrust structure of piedmont fault depression (C), faulted uplift and igneous rock of intracontinental pull-apart fault depression (D), and anticline structure of epicontinental strike–slip fault depression (E), and one genetic system (F) for unconventional gas, i.e. adsorption and accumulation in nano-scale space. Third, there is one core genetic system for large conventional gas fields in each geologic cycle. Fourth, two-level accumulation, i.e. no migration inside the source and large-scale transportation termination, exists in each single genetic system, and sequential accumulation is formed under the control of multiple factors in the areas where multiple genetic systems are superimposed. Fifth, the multi-system superimposed area is rich in large gas fields and the multi-stress hinge zone in the central area is the natural gas convergence zone. Finally, the future orientation and targets of natural gas exploration in China were pointed out. First, the system A includes Sinian–Lower Paleozoic in the Sichuan Basin, Cambrian in the Tarim Basin and Cambrian–Ordovician in the Ordos Basin. Second, the system C includes the transform zone of Kuqa thrust structure, the northwestern Sichuan Basin and the southwestern Tarim Basin. Third, the system E includes the basins in the eastern China seas. Fourth, the system F includes organic-rich shales in South China and deep coal beds in the Ordos Basin in central China.

Receptor-type protein phosphatase α (RPTPα) promotes fibroblast-dependent arthritis and fibrosis, in part, by enhancing the activation of the kinase SRC. Synovial fibroblasts lining joint tissue mediate inflammation and tissue damage, and their infiltration into adjacent tissues promotes disease progression. RPTPα includes an ectodomain and two intracellular catalytic domains (D1 and D2) and, in cancer cells, undergoes inhibitory homodimerization, which is dependent on a D1 wedge motif. Through single-molecule localization and labeled molecule interaction microscopy of migrating synovial fibroblasts, we investigated the role of RPTPα dimerization in the activation of SRC, the migration of synovial fibroblasts, and joint damage in a mouse model of arthritis. RPTPα clustered with other RPTPα and with SRC molecules in the context of actin-rich structures. A known dimerization-impairing mutation in the wedge motif (P210L/P211L) and the deletion of the D2 domain reduced RPTPα-RPTPα clustering; however, it also unexpectedly reduced RPTPα-SRC association. The same mutations also reduced recruitment of RPTPα to actin-rich structures and inhibited SRC activation and cellular migration. An antibody against the RPTPα ectodomain that prevented the clustering of RPTPα also inhibited RPTPα-SRC association and SRC activation and attenuated fibroblast migration and joint damage in arthritic mice. A catalytically inactivating RPTPα-C469S mutation protected mice from arthritis and reduced SRC activation in synovial fibroblasts. We conclude that RPTPα clustering retains it to actin-rich structures to promote SRC-mediated fibroblast migration and can be modulated through the extracellular domain.

A unique titanium oxo cluster with a ferrocene ligand was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis. Six ferrocene carboxylates coordinate to a D3dTi6O6core to be a redox active cluster 1, [Ti6O6(OiPr)6(O2CFc)6]. An analogue 2, [Ti6O6(OiPr)6(O2CiBu)6], where the redox active ferrocene group is replaced by isobutyrate, is also reported as a contrast. The six ferrocene moieties in 1are structurally identical to give a main redox wave at E1/2= 0.62 V in dichloromethane investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Photocurrent responses using electrodes of clusters 1and 2were studied, and the response properties of 1are better than those of 2. The electronic spectra and theoretical calculations indicate that charge transfer occurs from ferrocene to Ti(IV) in 1, and the presence of the ferrocene moiety gives efficient electron excitation and charge separation. Cluster 1is a cooperative system of TiO cluster and redox active ferrocene. Photocurrent response properties of an electrode of 1for four saccharides, glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose, were tested, and only reducing sugars were responsive. The electrode of 2is also photocurrent responsive to saccharides, but the current densities are lower than those of redox active 1.

During the machining of compacted graphite iron, there will be strong friction at the tool-chip interface. The iron matrix is easy to bond with the rake face, which will affect the processing quality and efficiency. Processing micro-texture on the tool surface is an effective method to improve the performance of the cutting tool. In this paper, the micro-pit texture is prepared in the bonding area and the sliding area of the tool surface for cutting experiments to explore the influence of texture location on tool-chip contact characteristics, based on the wear area of the non-textured carbide tool surface. The optimal ranges of texture parameters are determined based on the response surface methodology. The cutting experiment results show that the position of micro-texture determines the performance of the micro textured tool. The micro-texture can change the contact status of the tool-chip, improve the anti-adhesion, and reduce the friction of the tool. The predictions of the statistical model showed that the distance from cutting edge has a great influence on cutting performance. The optimized micro-texture is positioned at a distance ranging from 40 to 52 μm from the cutting edge, and the spacing of texture is 47–70 μm.

The marine shale gas resource in South China is abundant, but the existing conventional methods cannot meet the needs of predicting the future production development of shale gas. With the marine shale of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Fm in this region as an example and based on its development potential, the development features of the existing shale gas resources were analyzed. It is considered that the Longmaxi shale gas accumulation zones in the Sichuan Basin and its neighboring areas contain resources of about 17.4 × 1012 m3and recoverable resources of about 2.9 × 1012 m3. In particular, the shale gas above 3500 m underground is the main body for recent development targets, with a potential production scale about 300 × 108 m3. On this basis, the development features of foreign and domestic shale gas wells were studied and the drilling workload analytical method for the prediction of shale gas production was established: (1) the initial production of a single well can be used to characterize the productivity of the shale gas well, and its test production is approximate to its initial production. Due to the similarity of decline rate among shale gas wells, the single-well estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) value of a single well can be roughly speculated from its initial production, thus the production scale of a shale gas field can be speculated according to the analysis of drilling workload; (2) currently, the expected test production of South China marine shale gas is 17.6 × 104 m3/d, and the predicted single-well EUR value is roughly 1.5 × 108 m3. It is concluded that the marine shale gas in South China represents high initial production of a single well, high declining rate, longer production cycle and the drilling workload is closely related with the production of a shale gas field. Therefore, the analysis of drilling workload shows better applicability to the evaluation of shale gas production. Based on this method, the shale gas production of the Sichuan Basin and its neighboring area in 2020 was estimated to be about 200 × 108 m3.

The government in China is to lower state purchasing prices for cotton and replace government set prices with guidance prices. The aim is to balance the country's cotton supply and demand. Cotton output has grown steadily since 1996, and foreign cotton continues to pour into the country. The basic principles of the price adjustment are to stabilize cotton production and increase competitiveness fo home grown cotton.

•The early death rate of APL patients decreased over time with the introduction of ATO.•Overall and disease-free survival improved remarkably over the last three decades in the real world.•Clinical and molecular features including age, higher WBC count, and NRASmutations can complement the widely-used Sanz risk stratification.•The revised risk stratification could identify a subset of “super” high-risk APL patients in the ATRA plus ATO era.

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are able to give rise to any somatic cell type. A lot is known about how ESC pluripotency is maintained, but comparatively less is known about how differentiation is promoted. Cell fate decisions are regulated by interactions between signaling and transcriptional networks. Recent studies have shown that the overexpression or downregulation of the transcription factor Jun can affect the ESC fate. Here we have focussed on the role of the Jun in the exit of mouse ESCs from ground state pluripotency and the onset of early differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis of differentiating ESCs reveals that Jun is required to upregulate a programme of genes associated with cell adhesion as ESCs exit the pluripotent ground state. Several of these Jun‐regulated genes are shown to be required for efficient adhesion. Importantly this adhesion is required for the timely regulated exit of ESCs from ground state pluripotency and the onset of early differentiation events. StemCells2016;34:1213–1224 Schematic model for the role of Jun in promoting the loss of pluripotency. Jun levels increase as ESCs exit from ground state pluripotency (upon "2i" withdrawal; ‐2i), leading to the activation of a program of genes associated with cell adhesion. This in turn contributes to the loss of pluripotency and the onset of the commitment and differentiation process. The heatmap shown below demonstrates the reciprocal effects of Jun depletion (2 days after 2i withdrawal; generally decreased gene activation) and overexpression (for 36 hours in 2i +LIF conditions; generally increased gene activation) on genes whose expression changes following Jun depletion.

The Junggar Basin has the basic conditions for giant oil-sand mine to form and it is the hot point for exploration and development of oil sands. Multi-layer source rocks deposited in the Manas Lake Depression have produced abundant hydrocarbon in the course of multi-phase tectonic movement and they were the source of oil sands. Many unconformities formed also in the course of multi-phase tectonic movement were the main pathway of lateral movement of hydrocarbon and the well-developed abnormal faults were the main vertical pathway. The sands bodies of fluvial facies in alluvial fans in front of the Zhair Mountain offered a very favorable reservoirs for oil-sand mine. Hard biodegradation make the viscosity of hydrocarbon heavier and heavier. The hydrocarbon seized on the surface of sands, and then oil sands were formed. The peculiar characters of the northwest edge of the Junggar Basin make the oil sands occur at the compressive side of the basin. And the lateral distribution of oil sands mine is bigger and the scale is smaller relatively. The fault’ openness, fossil landscape, sedimentary facies, oil viscosity have controlled the abundance and distribution of oil sands.

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of wind power, this research is based on time series and improved BP-ANN algorithm. The basic idea is described as follows: wind speed forecasting model is established by using time series method; wind speed-wind power model is built by utilising improved BP-ANN algorithm; wind speed data from time series forecasting is used as input of neural network model, and the prediction results for wind power are obtained. In order to analyse the availability of wind power prediction model, the mean absolute error and correlation coefficient are compared to analyse the predictions results. The results show that the prediction model can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy of wind power.

Dy-doped CaMnO3 ceramics have been synthesized by co-precipitation method combined with the solid-state reaction. Phase composition and microstructure analysis indicate that high density and pure CaMnO3 phase can be achieved. The electric conductivity can be enhanced by Dy doping, and result in a slight increase of the thermal conductivity. The highest dimensionless figure of merit ZT of 0.15 has been obtained at 973 K for x = 0.02 sample, which is about 4 times larger than that of the pure CaMnO3, which indicate that CaMnO3 can be a promising candidate for n-type thermoelectric material at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the flow calculation problem of wind power connected to the grid was researched and the corresponding models were put forward.According to the relationship between the node voltage and reactive power of wind farms, modified the jacobian matrix.Implement and trend of the expression for calculating and according to the relationship between the node voltage and reactive power of wind farms, to modify the traditional methods of jacobian matrix and axle and consistency.Finally through the IEEE - 14 standard system, to verify this model and algorithm in this paper, satisfactory effect was obtained ,also laid the foundation for the further research.

Electricity market reform has brought new challenges to transmission grid planning, the traditional only considers a future scenarios of transmission grid planning, this method can’t meet the actual needs. In this paper, the uncertainty factors of market environment is analyzed, based on the relaxation factor and the way of wiring ,the transmission grid planning model is established. The security not only takes the N-1 breaking cases into account, but also includes the same tower Multiple-loop breaking at the same time. The model is solved using the methods based on Monte Carlo simulation and hierarchical genetic algorithm, ultimately the resulting meets reliability requirements and minimum total cost of transmission planning programmes under the future uncertainty environment. To build the simulation model, simulating the different methods of wiring way impacts on the investment and risk of the grid planning.

The rapid growth of power grid load put forward higher requirements on the transmission capacity of line, with the growing tension of line corridors, building new transmission lines is becoming more and more difficult. Therefore, it is of realistic significance to analyze the transmission capacity of existing transmission line and fully tap the existing power grid transmission capacity. On the basis of previous studies, and consulting a large number of references, this paper summarizes and expounds the methods of improving transmission capacity by using the thermal rating analysis, introducing static thermal rating and real-time static thermal rating. Also, this paper verifies applications of the above methods in actual running environment.

Photovoltaic grid-connected power generation is the inevitable development trend of solar photovoltaic systems,grid inverter is an essential part of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation. With the developed three phase current type PWM inverter device as the research object, and symmetry rules sampling method is applied to the inverter, through the method combined by the computer simulation and experiment research, the device was verified by simulation and experimental .The results show that: This method could not only effectively reduce the DC side inductance volume of the current-mode PWM inverter , and it could make output AC currents sinusoidal and in phase with grid voltages, but also improve the efficiency of the system, it will be more suitable for photovoltaic grid-connected.

Traditional Transmission Network Planning scheme only considers N and N-1 security , with little regard for safety of N-2 system. This paper introduces the relaxation factor establishing Transmission Network Planning model, and further considers the N-2 secure of double-circuit transmission line on the basis of relaxation on the N-1 constraints. A hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA) Model is proposed to solve the model.The final Transmission Network Planning scheme meets the reliability requirements under uncertain environment and has the minimum overall cost.A simulation model to simulate the impact of construction of the same tower line on the investment and security of transmission network planning is builded.

The passage aims at solving the problems resulted from the optimized process of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which might reduce the population diversity, cause the algorithm to convergence too early, etc. A whole new mutable simulated annealing particle swarm optimization is proposed based on the combine of the simulated annealing mechanism and mutation. This new algorithm substitutes the Metropolis criterion in the simulated annealing mechanism for mutagenic factors in the process of mutation, which both ensures the diversity of the particle swarm, and ameliorates the quality of the swarm, so that this algorithm would convergence to the global optimum. According to the result of simulated analysis, this hybrid algorithm maintains the simplicity of the particle swarm optimization, improves its capability of global optimization, and finally accelerates the convergence and enhances the precision of this algorithm.

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are unique in that they have the capacity to differentiate into all of the cell types in the body. We know a lot about the complex transcriptional control circuits that maintain the naive pluripotent state under self-renewing conditions but comparatively less about how cells exit from this state in response to differentiation stimuli. Here, we examined the role of Otx2 in this process in mouse ESCs and demonstrate that it plays a leading role in remodeling the gene regulatory networks as cells exit from ground state pluripotency. Otx2 drives enhancer activation through affecting chromatin marks and the activity of associated genes. Mechanistically, Oct4 is required for Otx2 expression, and reciprocally, Otx2 is required for efficient Oct4 recruitment to many enhancer regions. Therefore, the Oct4-Otx2 regulatory axis actively establishes a new regulatory chromatin landscape during the early events that accompany exit from ground state pluripotency.

The fracture surface of con-rod is difficult to be quantitatively described due to its indented macro morphology. Thus, the range of fracture surface defect dimension has no uniform standard. In order to solve this question, 3D software about the digital fracture surface reconstruction was developed by combining the fracture splitting technology of con-rod with reverse engineering, which realized the reproduction of its morphology and completed the real area calculation of the surface. The results show that the fracture surface area processed by fracture splitting is 13.1% larger than that of the plane processed by machining. It represents that the defect dimension range of fracture surface is improved compared to empirical value without reducing the bearing capacity and usability.

Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers are a new type of MR material. At present, most studies in this field are at laboratory stage, and practicability was rarely considered preparation of MR elastomer materials. Consequently, the existing materials with low overall properties cannot be applied in engineering. In this paper, the performance requirements for MR elastomers to be used in isolators were proposed. Then a type of practical MR elastomers for isolators was prepared, and its mechanical performance and MR effect were tested. The results show that the designed MR elastomers have high mechanical performance and high MR effect, and thus can be used in isolators.

The dynamic magnetorheological (MR) effects of 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI) polyurethane-based MR elastomers were tested by changing excitation frequency, excitation amplitude, magnetic strength, or preload. NDI polyurethane-based elastomers show high dynamic mechanical property, and were used as base material to prepare MR elastomers, whose mechanical performance and dynamic MR effect were tested. The results show that: (1) the prepared NDI polyurethane-based MR elastomers have high mechanical performance and MR effect; (2) their MR effect was reduced with the increase in excitation amplitude or preload, but did not change obviously with the increase in excitation frequency. Therefore, MR elastomer devices should be reasonably designed to maximize MR effect.

The overloaded swing angle milling head is an important part of the CNC machine tools; the swing system is the drive components of overloaded swing angle milling head for feed movement, mainly by gears for cutting the feed motion. In this paper, a multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model with multi-level multi-backlash spur gears was established, by using of numerical analysis method to solve the analysis of gears wing nonlinear vibration characteristics of the system, the results show that the gaps between the gears have a rich nonlinear characteristics of the vibration of the system.

The performance of magnetorheological (MR) elastomers can be controlled by an applied field, so we can design intelligent isolators with adjustable and controllable parameters. All isolators more or less suffer from creep deformation, and the intensity will directly affect the service life of the equipment to be isolated. In this paper, NDI polyurethane-based MR elastomers were prepared and their creep properties were tested. The results show that as the filling mass fraction of carbonyl iron powder was increasing, the creep intensity in MR elastomers was first increased and then reduced; when the mass fraction was 70%, the creep intensity was less than that of the base material. Therefore, the creep property of MR elastomers can be improved by designing an appropriate content of carbonyl iron powder according to use requirement.

As for implementing functions in slope online monitoring system by exploiting data acquired via GPS, good and high efficient stored procedures are essential. More importantly, a good designed stored procedure can simultaneously provide decision services for multiple users. By integrating the Client/Server and Browser/Server subsystems, this system explores a much convenient and automatic way to manages the mining area. 18 database tables are designed to support the database operation, such as the GPSSTATICRESULT table that storeds accurate static data and the STATIONINFO table that records all equipment information. Moreover, the design and implementation of stored procedures is analysed to flexibly support complicated system functions. The results indicate that system working with stored procedures has high performance on applications open-pit mine. The results not only confirmed the applicability and effectiveness of stored procedures, but also revealed system with stored procedures has advantages of conveniently managing mining data, timely sending real-time monitoring information, optimizing security of mine production and making auxiliary decision for enterprise.

Truss structure is widely used in civil engineering applications for its advantages of easy transportation, convenient assembly and uniform loading. However, it is difficult to achieve real-time health monitoring because of connection diversity and complexity of truss structures. As a novel structural health monitoring technique, electro-mechanical impedance method could monitor the health state of one structure by measuring the spectra of impedance or admittance of the piezoelectric elements, which are bonded on the surface of this structure. This approach has the advantages of nonparametric model analysis, easy sensor installation and high local sensitivity, especially in sensitive frequency range. The damage information, which is tested and recorded by using electromechanical impedance method, could convert into intuitive results through neural network because of its good ability for nonlinear mapping. In this paper, a three-layer assembly truss structure was chosen as experimental object, piezoelectric elements were bonded on structure joints to measure structural impedance spectra, the change of these structural impedance spectra was tested and recorded under high frequency excitations when different truss bars were loosed, and then, one back-propagation (BP) neural network was built and trained by this damage information, which were treated as input samples. These results show that the sensitivity of impedance method is not the same to different frequency range and trained neural network could quickly identify loosen truss bars.

In this paper, a torus is designed as an adding mass to modify the dynamic characteristics of the tool-holder system in free boundary condition and in fixing boundary condition. The torus is fixed on the holder of a given face milling cutter, which may change the mass distribution and the stiffness distribution of the system, to adjust the frequency and damping ratio of the tool tip. Although the dynamic characteristics of the tool tip are significantly influenced by holder-spindle interface, the influence of the tool-holder can’t be neglected. In this attempt, by adding mass on the tool holder, the first order frequency decreased by 37% in free boundary condition and 6.7% in fixing boundary condition. The first damping radio increased by 48% in free boundary condition and 4.5% in fixing boundary condition. Chatter suppression is verified in the cutting process by adding mass on the holder.