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ABSTRACTMigraine is a primary headache characterized by moderate or severe headache attacks, accompanied with reversible neurological and systemic symptoms. There are rare biomarkers for the disease. While emerging evidence has indicated the connection between gut microbiota and migraine, the relation between oral microbiota and migraine is barely known. Thus, the objective of the current study was to explore a possible correlation between oral microbiota and migraine. We compared the oral microbiota communities of migraine patients (26) with healthy subjects (29) via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Alpha diversity indices were higher in migraine group compared with control group, whereas beta diversity indices also showed significant difference. A total of 23 genera were found differentially abundant between migraine and control groups. To conclude, there was a significant compositional difference in oral microbiota in migraine patients compared with healthy subjects.

In this paper, a class of disturbed networked Euler-Lagrangian systems is investigated to track a general virtual signal under a general directed communication network. Firstly, a class of fixed-time distributed observer is constructed to estimate the leader’s state. Secondly, a local anti-disturbance tracking control based on the previous distributed observer is proposed for each follower to achieve the tracking consensus in a fixed time. A simulation example is finally conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.

Currently, the most prominent barrier to the success of orally delivered paclitaxel (PTX) is the extremely limited bioavailability of delivered therapeutic. In light of this issue, an amphiphilic sulfhydrylated N-deoxycholic acid-N,O-hydroxyethyl chitosan (TGA-DHC) was synthesized to improve the oral bioavailability of PTX. First, TGA-DHC demonstrated substantial loading of PTX into the inner hydrophobic core. A desirable enhancement in the bioavailability of PTX by TGA-DHC was verified by pharmacokinetic studies on rats against Taxol and non-sulfhydrylated DHC micelles. Moreover, cellular uptake studies revealed significant accumulation of TGA-DHC micelles encapsulating PTX or rhodamine-123 into Caco-2 cells via clathrin/caveolae-mediated endocytosis and inhibition of P-gp efflux of substrates. The results of the Caco-2 transport study further confirmed the mechanistic basis of TGA-DHC efficacy; which was attributed to permeabilized tight junctions, clathrin-mediated transcytosis across the endothelium, and inhibition of P-gp. Finally, in vitromucoadhesion investigations on freshly excised rat intestine intuitively confirmed increased intestinal retention of drug-loaded TGA-DHC through thiol-mediated mucoadhesion. TGA-DHC has demonstrated the capability to overcome what is perhaps the most prominent barrier to oral PTX efficacy, low bioavailability, and serves as a prominent platform for oral delivery of P-gp substrates.

A visible-light-induced chemoselective reactions of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with alkylboronic acids in the presence of air (O2) and N2atmosphere was developed under transition-metal free conditions, providing 3-alkylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, respectively. The overall strategy accommodates a broad scope of substituted quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and alkylboronic acids with good to excellent product yields.

In this paper, we investigate the problem of achieving node-to-node consensus (NNC) in two-layer multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) multi-agent systems (MASs) with Lipschitz nonlinear dynamics and intermittent directed networks, where the cooperative goal is to make each follower to track a specified leader. By using the relative outputs, discontinuous observers are given to reconstruct the full states of followers and then feedback controllers are designed. Furthermore, some NNC criteria are given by investigating stability of the error system. To verify the obtained results, a simulation is performed.

Lead‐free magnetoelectric (ME) laminated (80Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐20Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)/(Ni0.8Zn0.2)Fe2O4(BNKT/NZFO) composites are prepared via a modified cofiring processing, combining grain refinement and liquid phase sintering with low sintering aid content. The microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric properties are investigated by varying the thickness of NZFO layer. The results show that the coexistence of independent BNKT and NZFO phase and the presence of the morphotopic phase boundary in BNKT phase with high piezoelectric coefficient d33of 131 pC/N are confirmed. Laminated composites have clear and well‐bonded interfaces across the two layers, as well as improved ME properties. The maximum ME voltage coefficient (αE31) of the laminated composite reach 115.1 mV cm−1Oe−1with an optimized BNKT/NZFO layer thickness ratio of 1/2. In addition, a zero‐biased ME response was observed in BNKT/NZFO laminated composites. We propose the lead‐free cofired laminated magnetoelectric composites consisting of piezoelectric(80Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3‐20Bi0.5K0.5TiO3) and magnetostrictive (Ni0.8Zn0.2)Fe2O4. Well‐bonded interfaces and optimized layer thickness ratio provide the evidences for enhanced magnetoelectric coupling. The composite presents large voltage coefficient of 115.1 mV (cm · Oe)−1, which provides the promise for novel magnetoelectric device applications, such as transducers and sensors.