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Dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate, heavy magnesium carbonate, and aspirin tablets is a new combined aspirin preparation, each containing aspirin (81 mg), dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate (11 mg), and heavy magnesium carbonate (22 mg). This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and bioequivalence in healthy Chinese subjects. This randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐sequence, and 2‐period crossover study included 78 healthy volunteers (fasting, n = 36; postprandial, n = 42). Blood samples were collected for PK analysis. Aspirin and salicylic acid concentrations in human plasma were determined by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Safety and tolerability were monitored. There were no significant differences between the test and reference formulations in maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time t, or AUC from time 0 to infinity. The 90% confidence intervals of the test and reference formulations of maximum plasma concentration, AUC from time 0 to time t, and AUC from time 0 to infinity were within the acceptable range (80%‐125%) under fasting and postprandial conditions. All adverse events were mild and no serious adverse events were observed in the study. Both compounds were well tolerated in healthy Chinese volunteers.

By post-treatment of 1.77-eV wide-bandgap perovskite with a multifunctional 4-aminotetrahydrothiopyran hydrochloride, the ion migration and resulting phase segregation are effectively suppressed, which contributes to the efficiency of 19.32% and improved stability.

Discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) has found widespread application in three-level ac/dc converters due to its superior efficiency. However, conventional DPWM, characterized by low-frequency neutral-point (NP) voltage fluctuations, introduces vector synthesis deviation and leads to increased low-order harmonics in the input current. In this article, a switching loss-reduced space-vector DPWM (referred to as SSV-DPWM) scheme for the Vienna rectifier is presented to reduce switching loss and mitigate current lower-order harmonics. First, vector diagrams with NP voltage fluctuations are optimally redivided, and based on the opposite effect on the NP voltage, a set of clamping mode combinations considering NP voltage fluctuations to eliminate vector synthesis deviation is proposed. Then, the subsector identification and modulation waves calculation of SSV-DPWM are analyzed in detail, which can reduce the digital computation burden. Finally, the proposed SSV-DPWM is validated by a three-phase Vienna rectifier experimental platform, presenting its merits of low switching loss, high efficiency, and reduced current low-order harmonics, even when facing smaller dc-link capacitances.

The tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an invasive and destructive pest worldwide that feeds on solanaceous plants. T. absoluta has become resistant to most insecticides in current use. Broflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide, which can bind to a new site on the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor and efficiently control insect pests of the order Lepidoptera. In this study, the acute lethal effects of flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole and broflanilide and the sublethal effects of broflanilide on the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta were assessed by leaf dip method. Among the five insecticides tested, broflanilide was the most toxic to T. absoluta with a LC50 of 0.232 mg/L. The sublethal effects of broflanilide on T. absoluta were observed at LC10 (0.053 mg/L) and LC25 (0.107 mg/L) concentrations. After exposure to low lethal concentrations of broflanilide, the larval duration was significantly prolonged, whereas the pupation rate, emergence rate and fecundity of females were all significantly decreased in F0 generation. In F1 generation, broflanilide treatments resulted in a significant decrease in female fecundity. Moreover, life-table parameters of F1 generation including the mean fecundity (F), the net reproductive rate (R0 ), and the intrinsic rate of population increase (r) were significantly reduced, and the mean generation time (T) was increased when compared to the control. The lethal and sublethal effects of broflanilide on T. absoluta suggested that broflanilide has good potential for management of T. absoluta.

Halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising materials for ionizing radiation detection due to their exceptional characteristics, including a large mobility-lifetime product, strong stopping power, tunable band gap, and cost-effective crystal growth via solution processes. Semiconductor-type X-ray detectors employing various micro/nano perovskite materials have shown impressive progress in achieving heightened sensitivity and lower detection limits. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the applications of micro/nano perovskite materials for direct type X-ray detection, with a focus on the requirements for micro/nano crystal assembly and device properties in advanced X-ray detectors. We explore diverse processing techniques and optoelectronic considerations applied to perovskite X-ray detectors. Additionally, this review highlights the challenges and promising opportunities for perovskite X-ray detector arrays in real-world applications, potentially necessitating further research efforts.

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Magnetron is an oscillator with poor phase stability and could not be applied in phase coherent system. Based on the mutual-coupling injection startup technology, a millimeter wave coaxial magnetron for array application was developed and it was the first time to achieve frequency locking and phase coherent in millimeter-band coaxial magnetron. Using the CST particle studio, the coaxial magnetron model with an additional coupling port set in outer cavity was built. Simulation analysis was conducted by using a coupling bridge to connect two magnetron coupling ports. The relationship of the coupling bridge length and lock performance was explored. Then, a prototype of Ka-band coaxial magnetron was successfully fabricated. During the mutual-coupling injection locking experiment, the frequency locking and phase coherent output were achieved with the dual-port phase difference of 24.66°. This kind magnetron could be applied at the field of millimeter wave high-power microwave (HPM) synthesis arrays application.

This article presents a new phase-shifted full-bridge topology using a new variable inductor. In this topology, a variable inductor is connected in parallel with a near-ideal transformer. The zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the switches is achieved over the full-load range using the parallel current provided by the variable inductor. And the adjustable parallel current reduces conduction losses. Under the orthogonal dc magnetic potential, the variable inductor has similar characteristics to the saturated inductor, which is beneficial to reduce the conduction loss caused by the parallel current. Since the topology has no series inductor and the leakage inductor is extremely small, the proposed converter has the advantages of extremely small duty cycle loss, larger transformer turns ratio, smaller primary current stress, smaller secondary voltage stress, and smaller output current ripple, which are beneficial to improve the efficiency and frequency of the converter. An experimental platform was established. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification were carried out.

Complex power supply operation conditions complicate the degradation process of lithium batteries, which makes the charge–discharge cycle incomplete and the maximum available capacity not easily accessible. Besides, data-driven methods suffer from limited adaptation and possible overfitting. This paper proposes an online health estimation strategy with transfer learning for estimating the state of health (SOH) of batteries under varying charge–discharge depths and current rates. It aims to alleviate the difficulty in estimating SOH for operating batteries, and broaden the application range of the training model. The core of this strategy is a two-domain transfer CNN-LSTM model that estimates targets by transferring the battery degradation trends of multiple constant conditions. First, health indicators (HIs) with relatively high correlations and wide application ranges are extracted from the voltage and current data of the daily charge process. Then HI-based source domain selection criteria are designed. Since the battery experiences full and incomplete-discharged cases leading to various aging rates, a two-domain transfer CNN-LSTM model is designed. Each subnet includes a CNN and an LSTM to accomplish feature adaptation and time series forecasting. The weights of the sub-nets are updated online to track the drift of the time series covariates. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified on target batteries with varying cut-off voltages and currents, which demonstrates notable accuracy and reliability.

Recently, metal halide perovskites have received great attention for detecting ionizing radiation. Perovskite-based photodetectors and scintillators have been successfully implemented for X-ray and γ-ray detection due to their high attenuation coefficient and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, relatively thick absorbing layers are required for the complete absorption of X-ray photons, which are very challenging to fabricate with solution processes. In this work, we designed hybrid devices coupled with excellent perovskite photodiodes to utilize the incident X-rays fully. Considering the heavy reabsorption of the perovskite layers, we blended CsPbBr3with a Cu(I)-containing thermally activated delayed fluorescent complex (MAC*)Cu(Cz) to achieve down-conversion luminescence effectively to maximize the radioluminescence quantum efficiency, and we also found a faster afterglow compared with the commercial scintillators. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the performance metrics of the CsPbIBr2photodiodes and scintillator films. The hybrid devices demonstrated significantly improved X-rays sensitivity, indicating potential for X-ray detection and imaging.

With their simple structure, good characteristics, small size, low weight, high starting torque, and high power density, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in industry and national projects. However, accurate PMSM d–q-axis inductance values cannot be obtained after dynamic decoupling of the d–q-axis voltages of a PMSM under vector control. To tackle this challenge, this paper proposes a two-line-same-phase AC standstill measurement (TLSP-ACSM) method. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, both the motor synthetic magnetomotive force and theoretical error of inductance measurement based on the TLSP-ACSM method are analyzed, followed by experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of TLSP-ACSM. By comparing the proposed method with another measurement method, it is demonstrated that the relative error of the d-axis and q-axis inductance measurements is reduced by about 23% and 21%, respectively. When considering magnetic flux leakage, TLSP-ACSM shows better measurement precision and tracking performance.

The deep-level traps at grain boundaries (GBs) and halide ion migration are quite challenging for further enhancement of the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as well as for the elimination of notorious hysteresis. Herein, we report a large-sized strongly coordinated organic anion GB anchoring strategy for suppressing ion migration and passivating defects in planar PSCs. The practical implementation of this strategy involves the incorporation of potassium salts containing a large-sized organic counter anion (4-sulfobenzoic acid monopotassium salt, SAMS) into the perovskite precursor. It has been found that anions within SAMS can be firmly anchored at GBs due to the strong coordination interaction between C=O and/or S=O at both ends of bulky anion and undercoordinated Pb2+and/or halide vacancies, along with the hydrogen bond between −OH and formamidinium. SAMS can not only passivate shallow-level defects but also cause more effective passivation of the deep-level defects. The GB manipulation strategy results in a reduced defect density, an increased carrier lifetime as well as suppressed ion migration, which in turn contributed to enhanced efficiency and stability of PSCs together with a thorough elimination of hysteresis. As a result, the SAMS-modified device with an outstanding fill factor of 0.84 delivers a significant improvement in efficiency (22.7%) in comparison with the control device (20.3%). The unencapsulated modified device demonstrates only little degradation after 1320 h at 60°C.

This paper gives a brief introduction to recent theoretical advance of meta learning.

In recent years, the home environment has seen a rapid introduction of network enabled digital technology. This technology offers new and exciting opportunities to increase the connectivity of devices within the home for the purpose of home automation. Moreover, with the rapid expansion of the Internet, there is the added potential for the remote control and monitoring of such network enabled devices. However, the adoption of home automation systems has been slow. This paper identifies the reasons for this slow adoption and evaluates the potential of ZigBee for addressing these problems through the design and implementation of a flexible home automation architecture. A ZigBee based home automation system and Wi-Fi network are integrated through a common home gateway. The home gateway provides network interoperability, a simple and flexible user interface, and remote access to the system. A dedicated virtual home is implemented to cater for the system's security and safety needs. To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system, four devices, a light switch, radiator valve, safety sensor and ZigBee remote control have been developed and evaluated with the home automation system. Index Terms--Home Automation, ZigBee, Sensor Network.

Metal-halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising candidates for next-generation X-ray detectors, mainly benefiting from their low-temperature solution processability, chemical versatility, low cost, and excellent and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, the fabrication of perovskite thick junctions is very challenging, particularly for solution-processed thick photodiodes. Here, we report an ion-exchange strategy to prepare two-dimensional (2D)-3D perovskite thick films for directly detecting X-rays. This approach provides a facile and generic fabrication of high-quality perovskite films with various perovskite precursors, achieving uniform morphology, tunable thickness, and vertically monolithic crystal phase. The dynamic processes of the ion exchange were fully characterized and studied with multiple in situand ex situtechniques, e.g., photoluminescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. After optimization, record-high X-ray sensitivity of 1.36 × 104μC Gyair-1cm-2and ultra-low detection limit of 4.2 nGyairs-1were achieved based on the optimized (BA2PbBr4)0.5FAPbI3detectors, demonstrated along with 32 × 32 pixel prototypical photodetector arrays.

On the 22nd of February 2011, most houses in the city of Christchurch in New Zealand were damaged by an earthquake. Atypically for an earthquake, practically all were insured. We ask whether the way insurance claims were settled - in cash or through a managed repair program - was instrumental in mitigating the earthquake’s impact on the housing market. We use a genetic algorithm, which improves on a standard hedonic model, and identify the dynamics of the housing market in the city. We use four data sets: Housing market transactions, earthquake insurance claims paid by the public insurer, building consents issued by the local authority, and shake-maps measuring the intensity of the seismic shock. We find a negative correlation between insurance cash payouts and house prices after the earthquake, at the local level. We uncover evidence that suggests that the mechanism behind this result is that some damaged houses, for which claims were provided in cash, were not actually fixed. In contrast, damages that were actively repaired by the insurer did not lead to any relative deterioration in prices. This difference in the performance of the housing market post-disaster should be considered when insurers and their regulators decide how to settle claims in future disaster events.

Postnatal heart maturation is the basis of normal cardiac function and provides critical insights into heart repair and regenerative medicine. While static snapshots of the maturing heart have provided much insight into its molecular signatures, few key events during postnatal cardiomyocyte maturation have been uncovered. Here, we report that cardiomyocytes (CMs) experience epigenetic and transcriptional decline of cardiac gene expression immediately after birth, leading to a transition state of CMs at postnatal day 7 (P7) that was essential for CM subtype specification during heart maturation. Large-scale single-cell analysis and genetic lineage tracing confirm the presence of transition state CMs at P7 bridging immature state and mature states. Silencing of key transcription factor JUN in P1-hearts significantly repressed CM transition, resulting in perturbed CM subtype proportions and reduced cardiac function in mature hearts. In addition, transplantation of P7-CMs into infarcted hearts exhibited cardiac repair potential superior to P1-CMs. Collectively, our data uncover CM state transition as a key event in postnatal heart maturation, which not only provides insights into molecular foundations of heart maturation, but also opens an avenue for manipulation of cardiomyocyte fate in disease and regenerative medicine.

AbstractGloeostereum incarnatumhas edible and medicinal value and was first cultivated and domesticated in China. We sequenced the G. incarnatummonokaryotic strain GiC-126 on an Illumina HiSeq X Ten system and obtained a 34.52-Mb genome assembly sequence that encoded 16,895 predicted genes. We combined the GiC-126 genome with the published genome of G. incarnatumstrain CCMJ2665 to construct a genetic linkage map (GiC-126 genome) that had 10 linkage groups (LGs), and the 15 assembly sequences of CCMJ2665 were integrated into 8 LGs. We identified 1912 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and detected 700 genes containing 768 SSRs in the genome; 65 and 100 of them were annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways, respectively. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in 20 fungal genomes and annotated; among them, 144 CAZymes were annotated in the GiC-126 genome. The A mating-type locus (MAT-A) of G. incarnatumwas located on scaffold885 at 38.9 cM of LG1 and was flanked by two homeodomain (HD1) genes, mipand beta-fg. Fourteen segregation distortion markers were detected in the genetic linkage map, all of which were skewed toward the parent GiC-126. They formed three segregation distortion regions (SDR1–SDR3), and 22 predictive genes were found in scaffold1920 where three segregation distortion markers were located in SDR1. In this study, we corrected and updated the genomic information of G. incarnatum. Our results will provide a theoretical basis for fine gene mapping, functional gene cloning, and genetic breeding the follow-up of G. incarnatum.

Defects in acceptor-doped perovskite piezoelectric materials have a significant impact on their electrical properties. Herein, the defect mediated evolution of piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of Fe-doped (Pb,Sr)(Zr,Ti)O3(PSZT-Fe) piezoceramics with different treatments, including quenching, aging, de-aging, and poling, was investigated systematically. Oxygen vacancies with a cubic symmetry are preserved in the quenched PSZT-Fe ceramics, rendering them robust ferroelectric behaviors. In the aged PSZT-Fe polycrystals, defect dipole between Fe dopant and oxygen vacancy has the same orientation with spontaneous polarization PS, which enables the reversible domain switching and hence leads to the emergence of pinched polarization hysteresis and recoverable strain effect. And the defect dipoles can be gradually disrupted by bipolar electric field cycling, once again endowing the aged materials with representative ferroelectric properties. For the poled PSZT-Fe polycrystals, the defect dipoles are reoriented to be parallel to the applied poling field, and an internal bias field aligning along the same direction emerges simultaneously, being responsible for asymmetric hysteresis loops.

Background Necroptosis is an inflammatory cell death mode, and its association with multiple myeloma (MM) remains unclear.Methods This prospective study first analyzed the association between necroptosis-related signature as well as prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity in MM using the necroptosis score. Consensus clustering was used to identify necroptosis-related molecular clusters. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to establish the prognostic model of necroptosis-related genes (NRGs).Results A high necroptosis score was associated with poor prognosis and abundant immune infiltration. Two molecular clusters (clusters A and B) significantly differed in terms of prognosis and tumor microenvironment. Cluster B had a worse prognosis and higher tumor marker pathway activity than cluster A. The risk score model based on four NRGs can accurately predict the prognosis of patients with MM, which was validated in two validation cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curves of the risk score in predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 0.710, 0.758, and 0.834, respectively. Further, the activity of pathways related to proliferation and genetic regulation in the high-risk group significantly increased. The drug prediction results showed that the low-risk score group was more sensitive to bortezomib, cytarabine, and doxorubicin than the high-risk score group. Meanwhile, the high-risk score group was more sensitive to lenalidomide and vinblastine than the low-risk score group. Finally, the upregulation of model genes CHMP1A, FAS, JAK3, and HSP90AA1 in clinical samples collected from patients with MM was validated via real-time polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion A systematic analysis of NRGs can help identify potential necroptosis-related mechanisms and provide novel biomarkers for MM prognosis prediction, tumor microenvironment evaluation, and personalized treatment planning.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a common mechanism leading to end-stage renal failure. V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (ETS2), a transcription factor, exhibits diverse roles in pathogenesis; however, its role in renal fibrosis is not yet fully understood. In this study, we detected the expression of ETS2 in an animal model of renal fibrosis and evaluated the potential role of ETS2 in tubular EMT induced by TGF-β1. We found that ETS2 and profibrogenic factors, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN), were significantly increased in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis model in mice. In vitro, TGF-β1 induced a high expression of ETS2 dependent on Smad3 and ERK signaling pathway in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2). Knockdown of ETS2 abrogated TGF-β1-mediated expression of profibrogenic factors vimentin, α-SMA, collagen I, and FN in HK2 cells. Mechanistically, ETS2 promoted JUNB expression in HK2 cells after TGF-β1 stimulation. Furthermore, luciferase and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the binding of ETS2 to three EBS motifs on the promoter of JUNB triggered its transcription. Notably, silencing JUNB reversed the ETS2-induced upregulation of the profibrogenic factors in HK2 cells after TGF-β1 stimulation. These findings suggest that ETS2 mediates TGF-β1-induced EMT in renal tubular cells through JUNB, a novel pathway for preventing renal fibrosis.

Active Control Mounts (ACMs) are an effective solution to improve the comfort of passenger cars. This paper aims to apply neural networks to ACMs and explores the general process of neural network ACMs. A three-layer BP Neural Network Model (NNM) is established with an Oscillating Coil Actuator (OCA) as the controlled object. The actuator output force is collected as training samples when it is excited under different types of input current signals. Learning is performed, and the result shows the identified NNM based on random signals has good accuracy. Based on this well-identified NNM, two control methods - neural network direct self-tuning control and NNM reference control are discussed. The simulation results for typical low, medium and high frequencies show both control methods achieve good vibration isolation effects. This research shows the strong adaptability of neural networks, which lays a good foundation for subsequent control system development.

This study conducted a comparative analysis to characterize crude polysaccharides from seven selected strains of Auricularia corneain China, including commercial, hybrid, and wild domesticated strains. The obtained crude polysaccharide samples were analyzed using electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and for their monosaccharide composition. The results revealed that crude polysaccharide samples were mainly composed of 85.9% mannose and 12.3% glucose. Among the strains tested, Ac1 and Ac33 exhibited significantly higher total polysaccharide content (215.9±2.4 mg/g and 200.3±1.5 mg/g, respectively) and phenolic content (40.2±4.0 mg GAE/g and 44.2±2.7 mg GAE/g, respectively). Additionally, Ac33 and Ac24 showed the highest levels of DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS scavenging ability among the strains tested. Overall, the results suggest that the crude polysaccharides from A. corneahave the potential as a natural source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents and could be developed into functional nutritional foods.

High-temperature piezoelectric materials, which enable the accurate and reliable sensing of physical parameters to guarantee the functional operation of various systems under harsh conditions, are highly demanded. To this end, both large piezoelectricity and high Curie temperature are pivotal figures of merit (FOMs) for high-temperature piezoceramics. Unfortunately, despite intensive pursuits, it remains a formidable challenge to unravel the inverse correlation between these FOMs. Herein, a conceptual material paradigm of multiscale structural engineering was proposed to address this dilemma. The synergistic effects of phase structure reminiscent of a polymorphic phase boundary and refined domain morphology simultaneously contribute to a large piezoelectric coefficient d33of 30.3 pC/N and a high Curie temperature TCof 740 °C in (LiCeNd) codoped Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9(NBN-LCN) ceramics. More encouragingly, the system has exceptional thermal stability and is nonsusceptible to mechanical loading. This study not only demonstrates that the high-performance and robust NBN-LCN high-temperature piezoceramics hold great potential for implements under harsh conditions but also opens an avenue for integrating antagonistic properties for the enhancement of the collective performance in functional materials.

Solving the problem of ice accumulation on solid surfaces is of great significance to the economic development of the country and the safety of people’s lives. In this work, a coating with multifunctional photothermal/electrothermal solid-state lubrication (PEL) for anti-icing/deicing was prepared in layers based on the intrinsic properties of silicone oil and paraffin wax in combination with conductive graphite and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Silicone oils and paraffins are used as lubricating media giving the coating excellent lubricity, which results in a water sliding angle (SA) of only 12° on the PEL surface. Meanwhile, PEL shows favorable static and dynamic ice resistance at low temperatures; at −10 °C, the freezing time of water droplets on the PEL surface is extended by at least 4 times compared to the bare substrate. Furthermore, PEL also offers highly efficient photothermal and electrothermal deicing performance, which can effectively remove the accumulated ice at a light intensity of 0.6 kW/m2or an EPD of 0.1 W/cm2. Meanwhile, the synergistic deicing mechanism of photothermal and electrothermal was verified at −20 °C. Interestingly, the coating shows heat-assisted healing ability due to the phase change characteristic of paraffin wax, which allows the coating to regain lubricating properties after mechanical abrasion. Therefore, this work provides a reliable way for the design of stable all-weather anti-icing/deicing strategies at low temperatures.

Formamidinium lead trihalide perovskites have emerged as promising photovoltaic materials owing to their superior absorption coefficient properties. However, one big challenge is the material phase stability and thermal stability at high temperature. In this work, a large quantity of rubidium (Rb) ions is incorporated into formamidinium (FA) perovskite thin films to improve the material phase stability and thermal stability. Photodiodes based on optimized FA0.7Rb0.3PbI3perovskites deliver a high responsivity of 0.43 A W–1, a detectivity of >1012Jones, a relatively large linear dynamic range of 125 dB, and an ultrafast response speed of approximately 300 ns. Moreover, these photodiodes present lower dark current and higher photocurrent after baking at high temperature. These results are very promising for photodetection at high operational temperature. In addition, the high-ratio rubidium-incorporated perovskite films may have great potential in fabricating other high-performance optoelectronic devices, i.e., light-emitting diodes and solar cells with excellent phase stability and high temperature thermostability.

A facile and metal-free one-pot protocol for the synthesis of fused imidazopyridine scaffolds has been developed. This novel protocol combines the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction (GBBR) with a sequential TBAB-mediated cyclization cascade. Biological evaluation demonstrated that compound 6ainhibits human prostate cancer cell DU-145 proliferation with an IC50of 1.6 μM. The molecular mechanism study indicates that 6asignificantly suppresses the oncogenic Erk kinase phosphorylation at 3 μM.

Wide-bandgap (∼1.7–1.8 eV) perovskite solar cells have attracted substantial research interest in recent years due to their great potential to fabricate efficient tandem solar cells via combining with a lower bandgap (1.1–1.3 eV) absorber (e.g., Si, copper indium gallium diselenide, or low-bandgap perovskite). However, wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells usually suffer from large open circuit voltage (Voc) deficits caused by small grain sizes and photoinduced phase segregation. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to large grain sizes and passivated grain boundaries, controlling interface properties is critical for achieving high Voc's in the inverted wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. We adopt guanidinium bromide solution to tune the effective doping and electronic properties of the surface layer of perovskite thin films, leading to the formation of a graded perovskite homojunction. The enhanced electric field at the perovskite homojunction is revealed by Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements. This advance enables an increase in the Vocof the inverted perovskite solar cells from an initial 1.12 V to 1.24 V. With the optimization of the device fabrication process, the champion inverted wide-bandgap cell delivers a power conversion efficiency of 18.19% and sustains more than 72% of its initial efficiency after continuous illumination for 70 h without encapsulation. Additionally, a semitransparent device with an indium tin oxide back contact retains more than 88% of its initial efficiency after 100 h maximum power point tracking.

BackgroundThis is a consensus developed by a group of expert endoscopists aiming to standardise the preparation, process and endoscopic procedural steps for diagnosis of early upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.MethodThe Delphi method was used to develop consensus statements through identification of clinical questions on diagnostic endoscopy. Three consensus meetings were conducted to consolidate the statements and voting. We conducted a systematic literature search on evidence for each statement. The statements were presented in the second consensus meeting and revised according to comments. The final voting was conducted at the third consensus meeting on the level of evidence and agreement.ResultsRisk stratification should be conducted before endoscopy and high risk endoscopic findings should raise an index of suspicion. The presence of premalignant mucosal changes should be documented and use of sedation is recommended to enhance detection of superficial upper GI neoplasms. The use of antispasmodics and mucolytics enhanced visualisation of the upper GI tract, and systematic endoscopic mapping should be conducted to improve detection. Sufficient examination time and structured training on diagnosis improves detection. Image enhanced endoscopy in addition to white light imaging improves detection of superficial upper GI cancer. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging is recommended for characterisation of upper GI superficial neoplasms. Endoscopic characterisation can avoid unnecessary biopsy.ConclusionThis consensus provides guidance for the performance of endoscopic diagnosis and characterisation for early gastric and oesophageal neoplasia based on the evidence. This will enhance the quality of endoscopic diagnosis and improve detection of early upper GI cancers.

Conventional endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) are used to estimate the invasion depth of early-stage gastric cancers (EGCs), but estimates made by either technique are often inaccurate. We developed a model to determine the invasion depth of EGCs using conventional endoscopy and EUS findings, with pathology results as the reference. We performed a retrospective study of 195 patients (205 lesions) diagnosed with gastric cancers who underwent endoscopy and EUS followed by resection. Based on pathology analyses, lesions (n= 205) were assigned to categories of: mucosa invasion or minute invasion into the submucosal layer less than 500 μm from the muscularis mucosae (M-SM1) or penetration of 500 μm or more (≥SM2). The lesions were randomly assigned to derivation (138 lesions) and validation sets (67 lesions). A depth predictive model was proposed in the derivation set using multivariate logistic regression analyses. The discriminative power of this model was assessed in both sets. Remarkable redness (OR 5.42; 95% CI 1.32–22.29), abrupt cutting of converging folds (OR 8.58; 95% CI 1.65–44.72), lesions location in the upper third of the stomach (OR 10.26; 95% CI 2.19–48.09), and deep invasion based on EUS findings (OR 16.53; 95% CI 4.48–61.15) significantly associated with ≥SM2 invasion. A model that incorporated these 4 variables discriminated between M-SM1 and ≥SM2 lesions with the area under the ROC curve of 0.865 in the derivation set and 0.797 in the validation set. In the derivation set, a cut-off score of 8 identified lesions as ≥SM2 with 54% sensitivity and 97% specificity. The model correctly predicted the invasion depth 89.86% of lesions; it overestimated the depth of 2.17% of lesions. We developed a model to identify EGCs with invasion depth ≥SM2 based on endoscopy and EUS findings. This model might reduce overestimation of gastric tumor depth and prevent unnecessary gastrectomy.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

ABSTRACTInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is currently recognized as an intermediate mesenchymal neoplasm. It can arise anywhere in the body, but it is particularly common in the lungs. Gastric IMT is very rare in adults. In this study, we report a case of a 68-year-old woman with IMT in the gastric cardia, with invasion into the spleen and diaphragm. Because of its location and aggressive clinical features, it was first mistaken for gastric cancer. However, pathology and immunohistochemistry were used to finally confirm the diagnosis of IMT after total resection of the tumor and spleen and partial resection of the diaphragm. In order to provide better understanding of this rare tumor, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and IHC were performed to assess genetic and protein abnormalities of the tumor. Both IHC and NGS were found to be negative for ALK or other gene fusions. However, double amplification of CDK4 and MDM2 were found by NGS, and IHC also found CDK4 and MDM2 to be positive. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first gastric IMT report to show double invasion of the spleen and the diaphragm, and double amplification of CDK4 and MDM2 in IMT are also reported for the first time. This genomic aberration with protein overexpression is the most likely tumorigenic driver of this rare and aggressive tumor.

Driven by an ever-growing demand for environmentally compatible materials, the past two decades have witnessed the booming development in the field of piezoelectrics. To maximally explore the potential of lead-free piezoelectrics, chemical doping could be an effective approach, referenced from tactics adopted in lead-based piezoelectrics. Herein, we reveal the distinct role of manganese in a promising lead-free perovskite (K, Na)NbO3(denoted by KNN) in comparison to that in market-dominating lead-based counterparts [Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, PZT]. In contrast to the scenario in PZT, manganese doping in KNN results in tremendously improved piezoelectric coefficient d33by nearly 200%, whereas the same doping species in PZT deteriorates the d33down to less than 30% of its original value. The result is rationalized from macroscopic and local electrical characterizations down to atomic-scale visualization. This study demonstrates that there is enormous space to further enhance piezoelectricity in lead-free systems because the chemical doping effect may completely differ in lead-containing and lead-free perovskites.

The development of lead-free ceramics for electrostatic energy storage has attracted great interest because of the growing environmental concerns. Despite the extensive exploration, the unsuccess in synergistically optimizing both energy density and efficiency of polycrystalline materials is the major hurdle for their practical applications. Herein, Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3-modified BaTiO3lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are demonstrated to be viable candidates for energy storage. The materials can simultaneously deliver a high recoverable energy density of 2.9 J cm−3and a high energy efficiency of 86.8%, which are enhanced by 625% and 156% over those of unmodified BaTiO3, while keeping insensitive to thermal stimulus over 30–150 °C. It is unveiled that the incorporation of Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3favors the formation of polar nanoregions (PNRs), as evidenced by transmission electron microscope and piezoresponse force microscopy, which increases the threshold field to induce long range order and decreases the stability thereof, contributing to the more linear-towards polarization behavior. The dynamic PNRs along with the decreased grain size, increased bulk density, and consequently enhanced dielectric breakdown strength (301.4 kV cm−1) are responsible for the superior energy storage performance of Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3-modified BaTiO3ceramics. This work opens up a new avenue to tailor lead-free dielectrics toward high energy storage performance for electrical energy storage.

The demand for high-temperature dielectric materials arises from numerous emerging applications such as electric vehicles, wind generators, solar converters, aerospace power conditioning, and downhole oil and gas explorations, in which the power systems and electronic devices have to operate at elevated temperatures. This article presents an overview of recent progress in the field of nanostructured dielectric materials targeted for high-temperature capacitive energy storage applications. Polymers, polymer nanocomposites, and bulk ceramics and thin films are the focus of the materials reviewed. Both commercial products and the latest research results are covered. While general design considerations are briefly discussed, emphasis is placed on material specifications oriented toward the intended high-temperature applications, such as dielectric properties, temperature stability, energy density, and charge-discharge efficiency. The advantages and shortcomings of the existing dielectric materials are identified. Challenges along with future research opportunities are highlighted at the end of this review.

AbstractThe fruiting body pattern is an important agronomic trait of the edible fungus Auricularia auricula-judae, and an important breeding target. There are two types of fruiting body pattern: the cluster type and the chrysanthemum type. We identified the fruiting body pattern of 26 test strains, and then constructed two different near-isogenic pools. Then, we developed sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) molecular markers associated with the fruiting body pattern based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. Ten different bands (189–522 bp) were amplified using 153 pairs of SRAP primers. The SCAR marker “SCL-18” consisted of a single 522-bp band amplified from the cluster-type strains, but not the chrysanthemum strains. This SCAR marker was closely associated with the cluster-type fruiting body trait of A. auricula-judae. These results lay the foundation for further research to locate and clone genes controlling the fruiting body pattern of A. auricula-judae.

LoRa is widely used in various applications, which has gained increasing popularity in the field of Internet of Things (IoT). However, in legacy LoRa protocols, bidirectional communications and low power consumption cannot be achieved simultaneously, hindering the further development of LoRa. In this study, a long preamble wake-up communication (LPWC) protocol is proposed to alleviate the aforementioned issue. This scheme is performed at both sides of communication: (1) LoRa nodes are designed to sleep periodically to save more power; (2) LoRa gateway must send packets with long preamble to maintain the reliability of downlink communication. In addition, an energy model is built to prove that an optimal cycle period exists for LoRa nodes to save more energy. Then we implement simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in various cases. Results show that LPWC outperforms LoRaWAN Class B mode in terms of power conservation and packet latency.

MnO2-modified Pb0.9625Sm0.025(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.71Ti0.29O3ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction approach. Results of detailed characterizations revealed that the addition of MnO2has influence on the grain size, and all samples exhibit a pure perovskite structure. As the content of manganese increases, the volume of tetragonal phase increases. The ceramics with 1.5 mol.% MnO2show a high electro-strain of 0.151% at 2 kV/mm. Therefore, this study provides a new insight into the role of MnO2addition in tailoring the electrical properties of the Sm-PMN-PT ceramics by acceptor doping.

Although the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on organic hole transport materials (HTMs) have demonstrated excellent photovoltaic performance, there are still some obstacles that limiting their future commercialization, one of which is the device stability. Herein, we first report that depositing a (200) orientated PbS thin film upon organic HTMs as buffer layer can significantly enhance the stability and improve the performance of PSCs. The superior hole extraction efficiency of spiro-OMeTAD/PbS bilayer can balance the charge transfer and the hydrophobic nature of PbS could avoid the permeation of moisture. As a result, the PSCs with PbS buffer layer exhibited a better photovoltaic performance (a champion power conversion efficiency of 19.58%) with respect to the reference cells (18.79%), and maintained almost 100% of its initial PCE after 1000h stored in ambient air. Furthermore, when suffer from some more severe conditions, the device with PbS retained 56% of its initial PCE after 96h annealing at 85°C, while only 25% for the reference cells. Our results provide a simple method to avoid the weakness of organic HTMs, and suggest that PbS thin film could be an alternative buffer layer material in PSCs to simultaneously improve the device stability and photovoltaic performance.

A facile method for the preparation of sodium alginate (SA)/carboxyl-functionalized graphene (G-COOH) composite hydrogel was developed. Based on the coordination ability of lanthanide ions to the carboxyl groups, a series of hydrogel derived from different ratios of SA and G-COOH was fabricated by neodymium (Nd 3+ ) ions coordination. A relatively uniform layered structure was recorded by SEM at the interior of SA/G-COOH hydrogel. Several parameters such as water content, swelling ratio (SR), tensile test and solvent resistance were also investigated. The SA/G-COOH composite hydrogel showed excellent mechanical strength, and the tensile strength of SA/G-COOH composite hydrogel reaches 53.72 MPa at high water content. Due to the coordination ability of Nd 3+ ions, the hydrogel also exhibited an excellent solvent resistance and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature piezoelectric films with excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties lay the foundation for the development of high-temperature piezo-MEMS devices. However, due to the poor piezoelectricity and strong anisotropy, it remains a challenge to obtain high quality Aurivillius-type high-temperature piezoelectric films with high performance, which impedes their practical implements. Here, a feasible polarization vector regulation strategy associated with oriented epitaxial self-assembled nanostructures for enhancing electrostrain is proposed. Guided by lattice matching relation, non-c-axis oriented epitaxial self-assembled Aurivillius-type calcium bismuth niobate (CaBi2Nb2O9, CBN) high-temperature piezoelectric films were successfully prepared on different oriented Nb-STO substrates. By the lattice matching relationship, hysteresis measurement, and piezoresponse force microscopy analysis, it is confirmed that the polarization vectors transform from a two-dimensional plane to a three-dimensional space, and the out-of-plane polarization switching is enhanced. A platform for more possible polarization vectors is provided in the self-assembled (013)CBN film. More importantly, enhanced ferroelectric (Pr∼ 13.4 μC/cm2) and large strain (∼0.24%) were obtained in the (013)CBN film, which promotes the great application prospect of CBN piezoelectric films in high-temperature MEMS devices.

Lead halide perovskite single crystals have attracted wide interest in the field of X-ray detection due to their excellent photophysical properties. However, their inherent toxicity and high thickness restrict their applications in flexible devices. In this paper, designing a micronanometer-scale X-ray detector based on all-inorganic lead-free CsAg2I3(CAI) single crystal microbelts (MBs) has addressed the above issues. These CAI single crystal MBs can be synthesized on various substrates with high crystal quality and excellent stability. Based on their excellent characteristics of the CAI MBs, we fabricate single CAI MB devices with an Au/CAI/Au structure, which shows not only good ultraviolet photoresponse characteristics, but also excellent X-ray detection performance. The optimized CAI photodetectors exhibit a responsivity of 23.59 mA/W, a high detectivity of 1010Jones, and a fast response speed. For X-ray detection performance, a sensitivity of up to 515.49 μC Gyair–1cm–2and a detection limit of as low as 14.65 μGyairs–1are achieved with outstanding operation stability and excellent long-term stability. Furthermore, our devices also showed excellent applicability for X-ray imaging, which is promising for their use in X-ray detection and imaging. Finally, flexible X-ray detectors are fabricated by using thin CAI single-crystal MBs and demonstrate good flexibility under different bending radii and bending cycles. Our work shows the potential for developing highly sensitive flexible integrated micro/nano optoelectronic devices by using lead-free perovskite analogue single crystals.

X-ray detectors based on conventional semiconductors with large atomic numbers are suffering from the poor stability under a high dose rate of ionizing irradiation. In this work, we demonstrate that a wide band gap ceramic–boron nitride with small atomic numbers could be used for sensitive X-ray detection. Boron nitride samples showed excellent resistance to ionizing radiation, which have been systematically studied with the neutron- and electron-aging experiments. Then, we fully analyzed the influence of these aging effects on the fundamental properties of boron nitride. Interestingly, we found that the boron nitride samples could maintain relatively good charge transport properties even after large dose of neutron irradiation. The fabricated X-ray detectors showed decent performance metrics, and the neutron-aged boron nitride even showed improved operational stability under continuous X-ray irradiation, suggesting the great potential for real applications.

The utilization of relaxor ferroelectrics is thought to be a feasible approach to enhance energy storage performance due to the low remnant polarizations and slim hysteresis. Herein, environment-friendly (1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-xSr(Ti0.5Zr0.5)O3bulk ceramics have been developed, where the synergistic effect of enhanced relaxor-ferroelectricity and grain refinement with increasing xvalue boosts excellent energy storage performance, with impressive energy density (Wrec) of 4.2 J/cm3accompanied by satisfactory energy efficiency (η) of 75.1%. Together with high thermal stability of the energy storage density of 2.0–2.1 J/cm3(with minimal variation of ≤ ±5%) over 25–150 °C at 150.0 kV/cm due to the enhancement of thermal insensitivity, which is evidenced by simulation based on thermal conduction model. Additionally, an extraordinary fast discharge rate (t0.9) of 54.6 ns and a high power density (Pd) of 35.4 MW/cm3can be achieved in the x = 0.20 ceramic sample. This discovery provides new opportunities to lead-free dielectric materials with a high energy density and efficiency for capacitive electrical energy storage.

A novel dissolved carbon dioxide flotation after emulsification microextraction (DCF-EME) method was proposed for the determination of four triazole pesticides in water samples coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a home-made glass round flask. The DCF-EME method is based on a rapid and simple phase separation of low-density organic solvent (toluene) from the aqueous phase via introducing a saturated NaHCO3 solution into the acidified sample (0.1 mol L−1HCl); then analytes were extracted in toluene. Various parameters affecting the extraction process were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the recoveries for four pesticides ranged from 82.8 to 121.2%. Meanwhile the limits of detection were at the range of 0.14–1.04 μg L−1, and the preconcentration factors were varied between 342 and 473 for different triazoles. The method is simple, fast and environmentally friendly, being successfully applied for the determination of triazole pesticides in water samples.

To investigate the prevalence of diabetic at-risk foot and its associated factors.

The concept of sensing-as-a-service is proposed to enable a unified way of accessing and controlling sensing devices for many Internet of Things based applications. Existing techniques for Web service computing are not sufficient for this class of services that are exposed by resource-constrained devices. The vast number of distributed and redundantly deployed sensors necessitate specialised techniques for their discovery and ranking. Current research in this line mostly focuses on discovery, e.g., designing efficient searching methods by exploiting the geographical properties of sensing devices. The problem of ranking, which aims to prioritise semantically equivalent sensor services returned by the discovery process, has not been adequately studied. Existing methods mostly leverage the information directly associated with sensor services, such as detailed service descriptions or quality of service information. However, assuming the availability of such information for sensor services is often unrealistic. We propose a ranking strategy by estimating the cost of accessing sensor services. The computation is based on properties of the sensor nodes as well as the relevant contextual information extracted from the service access process. The evaluation results demonstrate not only the superior performance of the proposed method in terms of ranking quality measure, but also the potential for preserving the energy of the sensor nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]