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Nebraska Medicine has brought artificial intelligence (AI) to the forefront as it uses an AI screening tool (EyeArt; Eyenuk) to provide better care for its patients with diabetes. For many [...]

Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this activity, you should be better prepared to: * Describe factors associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of uveitic macular edema (UME) * Apply [...]

Background/Objectives: Studies on uveitis in Sierra Leone were conducted prior to the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic of 2013–16, which was associated with uveitis in 20% of survivors. They did not include imaging or investigation of tuberculosis and used laboratory services outside the country. We performed a cross-sectional study on patients presenting with uveitis to establish their clinical characteristics and identify the impact of in-country laboratory diagnoses. Methods: We invited uveitis cases presenting to Eye Clinics in Sierra Leone from March to September 2022 to participate in the study. They underwent a diagnostic work-up, including fundus and ocular coherence tomography imaging. Active uveitis cases underwent further investigations including serology and immunological tests for syphilis, tuberculosis, herpetic viruses and HIV and chest radiographs. Results: We recruited 128 patients. The median age was 34 (IQR 19) years and there was an equal gender split. Panuveitis was the predominant anatomical uveitis type (n= 51, 40%), followed by posterior uveitis (n= 36, 28%). Bilateral disease affected 40 patients (31%). Active uveitis was identified in 75 (59%) cases. ICD 11 definition of blindness with VA < 3/60 occurred in 55 (33%) uveitis eyes. Aetiology of uveitis from clinical and laboratory assessment demonstrated that most cases were of undifferentiated aetiology (n= 66, 52%), followed by toxoplasmosis (n= 46, 36%). Trauma contributed to eight (6%) cases, syphilis to 5 (4%) cases and Ebola to 2 (2%). Conclusions: Uveitis was associated with high levels of visual impairment. Posterior and panuveitis contributed to the highest proportion of uveitis cases. Laboratory studies helped differentiate syphilis as a significant aetiology of uveitis.

Purpose:To evaluate clinical trials in the literature that focus on suprachoroidal drug delivery for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis and other posterior segment diseases. Methods:A synthesis of the literature was performed. Results:In 2021, suprachoroidal space triamcinolone acetonide, a corticosteroid delivery system used for the treatment of uveitic macular edema (ME), was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The drug-delivery system targets the suprachoroidal space using a microneedle-based device and has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Suprachoroidally administered investigational therapies have also been assessed in clinical trials for other posterior segment diseases, including diabetic ME, retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, and choroidal melanoma. Conclusions:The safety and efficacy of suprachoroidal corticosteroid injections to treat uveitic ME have been shown in recent phase III clinical trials. Multiple programs are also investigating this modality of drug delivery for use in many other retinal and choroidal pathologies.

Complications of uveitic macular edema (UME) account for 20% of cases of legal blindness and are the fifth-leading cause of visual impairment in developed nations. (1) Targeted approaches to corticosteroid [...]

Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this activity, you should be better prepared to: * Characterize treatable targets involved in the pathophysiology of uveitic macular edema (UME) * Identify unmet [...]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.Nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy presents with characteristic fundus imaging features, particularly evident with widefield fundus autofluorescence. These features may augment current diagnostic criteria and reduce the reliance on antiretinal antibody testing.

Purpose:To report 3 cases of retinopathy secondary to ritonavir use in the treatment of HIV. Methods:A retrospective review of patient records was performed for data including ophthalmic examination findings, demographic and HIV clinical characteristics, and progression of maculopathy disease. The review identified 3 patients with a history of HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy including ritonavir who had been evaluated for bilateral vision loss in both eyes. Results:A fundus examination of each patient revealed characteristic macular atrophy, and optical coherence tomography demonstrated corresponding central outer retinal atrophy. Uveitis workup results were unremarkable. Given the characteristics of macular atrophy, history of ritonavir use, and the absence of intraocular inflammation, all 3 patients were diagnosed with bilateral ritonavir-associated retinopathy. Each patients’ vision continued to deteriorate, even after the cessation of ritonavir. Conclusions:Ritonavir toxicity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinopathy among patients with an exposure history.

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.

Bausch + Lomb and Clearside Biomedical recently announced the FDA granted approval of triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension (Xipere) for suprachoroidal use for the treatment of macular edema associated with uveitis. [...]

Triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension (Xipere; Bausch + Lomb) was launched recently as the first and only therapy approved by the FDA for use in the suprachoroidal space to treat macular [...]

Approximately 30% of patients with uveitis develop vision impairment from macular edema. (1,2) Uveitic macular edema (UME) occurs more often in cases of intermediate uveitis (causing inflammation primarily in the [...]

Purpose:To report a case of multifocal central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) mimicking Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. Methods:A 42-year-old man was evaluated for an exudative retinal detachment (RD) with a presumptive diagnosis of VKH while being treated with corticosteroids. The examination showed subretinal fibrin deposition with a bullous, exudative, macula-involved RD in the left eye and a progressive decline in visual acuity (VA) to hand motions. Multimodal imaging showed multifocal hyperfluorescent leaks bilaterally by angiography, highly suggestive of CSCR exacerbated by corticosteroids. Results:After the multifocal CSCR diagnosis, the systemic corticosteroids were tapered and eventually discontinued. The patient was then managed with focal laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and acetazolamide. The VA improved to 20/30 with complete resolution of the bullous RD at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions:Extensive bullous RD with subretinal fibrin deposition is an infrequent manifestation of CSCR commonly associated with corticosteroid use that can mimic VKH. Thus, it is important to distinguish CSCR from VKH and the potential of combination therapy in managing chronic multifocal CSCR with a bullous RD.

Pediatric uveitis can lead to sight‐threatening complications and can impact quality of life (QoL) and functioning. We aimed to examine health‐related QoL, mental health, physical disability, vision‐related functioning (VRF), and vision‐related QoL in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), JIA‐associated uveitis (JIA‐U), and other noninfectious uveitis. We hypothesized that there will be differences based on the presence of eye disease. A multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted at four sites. Patients with JIA, JIA‐U, or noninfectious uveitis were enrolled. Patients and parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL; health‐related QoL), the Revised Childhood Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS; anxiety/depression), the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ; physical disability), and the Effects of Youngsters' Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE‐Q) (VRF/vision‐related QoL). Clinical characteristics and patient‐reported outcome measures were compared by diagnosis. Of 549 patients, 332 had JIA, 124 had JIA‐U, and 93 had other uveitis diagnoses. Children with JIA‐U had worse EYE‐Q scores compared to those with JIA only. In children with uveitis, those with anterior uveitis (JIA‐U and uveitis only) had less ocular complications, better EYE‐Q scores, and worse C‐HAQ and PedsQL physical summary scores compared to those with nonanterior disease. In children with anterior uveitis, those with JIA‐U had worse PedsQL physical summary and C‐HAQ scores than anterior uveitis only. Further, EYE‐Q scores were worse in children with bilateral uveitis and more visual impairment. There were no differences in RCADS scores among groups. We provide a comprehensive outcome assessment of children with JIA, JIA‐U, and other uveitis diagnoses. Differences in QoL and function were noted based on underlying disease. Our results support the addition of a vision‐specific measure to better understand the impact of uveitis.

The Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE‐Q) questionnaire measures vision‐related functioning (VRF) and vision‐related quality of life (VRQoL) in children with uveitis. Our aim was to revise the alpha version of the EYE‐Q to refine VRF and VRQoL subscales and to assess the validity of the EYE‐Q. Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), JIA‐associated uveitis, and other noninfectious uveitis were enrolled. Patients and parents completed the EYE‐Q, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (overall quality of life), and Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (physical functioning). The development site completed the alpha version of the EYE‐Q, and the composite sites completed the beta version. We compared item‐subscale correlations, internal consistency, and construct and discriminant validity among the different versions. Of the 644 patients enrolled, 61.6% completed the alpha version, and 38.4% the beta version of the EYE‐Q. Mean ± SD patient age was 11.1 ± 4.2 years, and 70% were female. Fewer White patients (73.5%) completed the alpha version compared to the beta version (86.2%; P< 0.001). With the exception of patient‐reported VRF, both versions had similar item‐subscale correlations. Version comparisons on scale internal consistencies indicated significant differences for parent‐ and patient‐reported VRF, but each scale had a Cronbach's α of >0.80 beta. When data were combined, the EYE‐Q showed significant differences between JIA‐only and uveitis patients on all parent and patient scores, except for patient‐reported VRF. The EYE‐Q appears to be a valid measure of VRF and VRQoL in pediatric uveitis. Our results suggest it may be used as an outcome measure in multicenter pediatric uveitis studies.

Autoimmuntoxizitäten, die nach der Behandlung mit Krebsimmuntherapien häufig auftreten, sind bei Patienten, die mit BRAF/MEK-Inhibitoren behandelt werden, nicht gut charakterisiert. Neuere Daten deuten darauf hin, dass Autoimmuneffekte mit einem überragenden Ansprechen auf beide Behandlungsmodalitäten verbunden sein können; es gibt jedoch wenig Evidenz, die Mechanismen der immunbedingten Toxizität für Patienten unter BRAF/MEK-Inhibitoren beschreibt. Hier beschreiben wir die Erfahrungen eines 59-jährigen HLA-A2, A29, B27-positiven Mannes mit rezidivierendem/metastasierendem Melanom. Nach Progression unter Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Therapie wurde er mit Dabrafenib/Trametinib, gefolgt von Encorafenib/Binimetinib, behandelt, die gut vertragen wurden und zu einem vollständigen Ansprechen führten. 18 Monate nach der BRAF/MEK-Inhibitor-Therapie und drei Monate nach dem ersten vollständigen Ansprechen entwickelte er eine Reihe plötzlich einsetzender, schwerer Toxizitäten: nämlich bilaterale Panuveitis, Zytopenien, Gelenkschmerzen, Hautausschlag, Hyperkalzämie und interstitielle Nephritis, die zu einem BRAF/MEKi-Abbruch führten. Immunologische Analysen zeigten die Induktion einer peripheren Typ-17-Zytokin-Signatur, die durch hohe IL-23-, IL-6-, IL-10-, IL-17A/F-, IL-113- und IL-21-Zytokine im Plasma gekennzeichnet ist, die dem Ausmaß der Symptome entsprechen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen einen neuen Fall einer verzögerten autoimmunähnlichen Reaktion auf die BRAF/MEK-Inhibition und weisen auf eine mögliche Rolle der ThiTc17-Aktivierung in ihrer Pathogenese hin, was eine zukünftige klinische und immunologische Charakterisierung rechtfertigt.

PurposeTo evaluate local and systemic safety of suprachoroidal (SC) triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension (CLS-TA) injections in subjects with non-infectious uveitis (NIU).DesignOpen-label, prospective multicentre safety study.ParticipantsThirty-eight subjects with NIU, with and without macular oedema (MO).MethodsTreatment consisted of two suprachoroidal injections of CLS-TA 4 mg, 12 weeks apart. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), adverse event (AE) assessment, ophthalmic examinations and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were conducted every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Blood samples were analysed for plasma triamcinolone acetonide (TA) concentrations.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was frequency of AEs. Other endpoints included plasma TA concentrations, change in signs of inflammation, BCVA and retinal central subfield thickness (CST).ResultsBased on a CST of >300 µm, 20 out of 38 subjects had MO at baseline. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 13.3 mm Hg at baseline and 15.2 mm Hg at week 24 in the study eye. A total of six (15.8%) subjects had an IOP rise >10 mm Hg compared with baseline, in the study eye, and two (5.3%) subjects had IOP >30 mm Hg (maximum 34 mm Hg at week 8 and 38 mm Hg at week 20). Cataract formation AEs were reported in four study eyes; one of which was deemed treatment-related. No serious ocular AEs in the study eye occurred in the study. Quantifiable post-injection TA plasma concentration was <1 ng/mL. Efficacy parameters showed improvement over the 24-week study period.ConclusionsSuprachoroidally administered CLS-TA was safe and well tolerated over the 24-week, open-label study in NIU subjects with and without MO.

PurposeTo assess the extended efficacy and safety of suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension (CLS-TA) among patients with macular oedema (ME) secondary to non-infectious uveitis (NIU).MethodsPatients with uveitic ME were treated with suprachoroidal CLS-TA at baseline and week 12 of the Efficacy and Safety of Suprachoroidal CLS-TA for Macular Edema Secondary to Noninfectious Uveitis: Phase 3 Randomized Trial (PEACHTREE) study. Time to rescue was evaluated over 24 additional weeks for MAGNOLIA. Safety data, visual acuity and retinal central subfield thickness (CST) reduction were also evaluated. Of the 53 eligible patients (46 CLS-TA and 7 control), 33 patients were enrolled (28 CLS-TA and 5 control).ResultsOver the entire 48-week period for PEACHTREE and MAGNOLIA, the median time to rescue therapy was 257 days versus 55.5 days for the CLS-TA and sham-control arms, respectively. Of 28 CLS-TA treated patients who participated in MAGNOLIA, 14 (50%) did not require rescue therapy through approximately 9 months after the second treatment. Among CLS-TA patients not requiring rescue, there was a mean gain of 12.1 letters and mean CST reduction of 174.5 µm at week 48. No serious adverse events related to study treatment were observed.ConclusionApproximately 50% of patients did not require additional treatment for up to 9 months following the last CLS-TA administration.

Determine the efficacy of combination intravitreal and systemic antiviral therapy for the treatment of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and risk factors impacting visual acuity (VA) and retinal detachment (RD) outcomes.

Purpose: This report discusses the case of an 86-year-old man with a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) treated with bevacizumab.Methods: A case report is presented.Results: An 86-year-old man presented with a 5-month history of metamorphopsia and decreased vision in his right eye and was found to have active exudation secondary to PCV with a concurrent FTMH. After 4 treatments with intravitreal bevacizumab, the FTMH resolved without surgical intervention.Conclusions: The patient’s FTMH resolved with solely pharmacologic treatment as a result of treating his PCV with intravitreal bevacizumab. Macular hole formation secondary to PCV is a rare finding, but may be successfully treated with pharmacologic therapy without surgical intervention.

Purpose: This review details the rationale behind recommendations recently published by the American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) and outlines best practices for safety of vitreoretinal surgeons and staff while performing vitreoretinal surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: The Committee for ASRS Best Practices for Retinal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic reviewed existing evidence and information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and risk factors during vitreoretinal surgery. Recommendations were based on best available published data, cumulative clinical experiences, and recommendations and policies from other organizations. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess the strength of recommendations and confidence in the evidence. These serve as interim recommendations that will be routinely updated given the current gaps of knowledge and lack of high-quality data on this evolving subject.Results: Relevant existing literature related to methods of transmission and ocular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are summarized. The data and clinical experiences driving recommendations for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative surgical considerations and anesthesia choice as well as considerations for intravitreal injections are provided.Conclusions: Recommendations are provided with the goal of protecting vitreoretinal surgeons and associated personnel from exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during interventional vitreoretinal procedures. This is a rapidly evolving topic with numerous remaining gaps in our current knowledge. As such, recommendations will evolve and the present article is intended to serve as a foundation for continued dialogue on best practices.

Purpose: The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has escalated rapidly since December 2019. Understanding the ophthalmic manifestations in patients and animal models of the novel coronavirus may have implications for disease surveillance. Recognition of the potential for viral transmission through tear film has ramifications for patients, physicians, and the public.Methods: Information from relevant published journal articles was surveyed using a computerized PubMed search and public health websites. We summarize knowledge of ophthalmic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and animal models, risk-mitigation measures for patients and providers, and implications for retina specialists.Results: SARS-CoV-2 is efficiently transmitted among humans, and although the clinical course is mild in most infected patients, severe complications including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death can ensue, most often in elderly patients and individuals with comorbidities. Conjunctivitis occurs in a minority of patients with COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been identified primarily with conjunctivitis. Uveitis has been observed in animal models of coronavirus infection, and cotton-wool spots have been reported recently.Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses have been rarely associated with conjunctivitis. Identification of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the tear film of patients and its highly efficient transmission via respiratory aerosols supports eye protection, mask, and gloves as part of infection prevention and control recommendations for retina specialists. Disease surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic may also include ongoing evaluation for uveitis and retinal disease given prior findings from animal models and a recent report of retinal manifestations.

Aims: Methotrexate (MTX) is standard treatment in pediatric chronic anterior uveitis (CAU). Addition of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNFi) is often needed. We describe the timing and risk factors for TNFi use in children with CAU on MTX. Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed 51 records, and 46 met inclusion criteria. Primary outcome was the addition of TNFi due to active CAU per Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature criteria. Time to TNFi and factors associated with their addition were assessed using survival analysis models. Results: Of 46 children treated with MTX for uveitis (36 juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis, 10 idiopathic CAU), 72% had ocular complications. MTX was started a median of 5.0 months, and TNFi 43 months from uveitis diagnosis. Kaplan–Meier estimates suggest that cumulatively, 12% (95% CI: 4–23%) start TNFi within 6 months of MTX, 21% (12–37%) within 1 year, and 39% (24–54%) within 2 years. On Cox Proportional Hazard regression analysis, children with idiopathic CAU required TNFi earlier in their uveitis course (at 3 months (Hazard Ratio 6.06; 95% confidence interval (1.25–29.41))). Females appeared less likely to require TNFi early. Children treated in 2012 and later were more likely to receive TNFi earlier than those treated before 2012. Conclusion: Little is known about optimal time to initiate treatment or factors associated with the need to add TNFi in children on MTX. Children with idiopathic CAU and males required TNFi earlier in their course. Factors associated with these potential risk factors for TNFi warrant further investigation.

To evaluate postoperative pain level using a supplemental peribulbar injection at the conclusion of retinal surgery.

To explore the risk factors and fundus imaging features of vitamin A deficiency retinopathy (VADR) in an academic tertiary referral center in Atlanta, GA USA, and to propose guidance regarding diagnostic workup and management of affected patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To determine the long-term visual and surgical outcomes of patients with acute retinal necrosis (ARN) associated retinal detachment (RD).PATIENTS AND METHODS:The authors conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review from 2001 to 2012 of 32 eyes from 27 patients diagnosed with ARN. The authors assessed the rates and risk factors for recurrent RD in eyes having undergone primary RD repair for ARN-related RD.RESULTS:Fifteen eyes (46.9%) developed RD and 13 underwent surgical repair. Recurrent RD developed in six eyes (46.2%), occurring 35 days to 10 months after primary retinal surgery. There was no difference in the rate of recurrent RD between eyes treated with or without intravitreal foscarnet (Fifteen eyes (46.9%) developed RD and 13 underwent surgical repair. Recurrent RD developed in six eyes (46.2%), occurring 35 days to 10 months after primary retinal surgery. There was no difference in the rate of recurrent RD between eyes treated with or without intravitreal foscarnet (P= .48) or initial scleral buckle (P= .31). Six eyes (46.2%) developed severe vision loss, with a final Snellen visual acuity of less than 20/200.CONCLUSION:Recurrent RD after primary repair is a frequent complication of ARN. Overall, visual prognosis is guarded despite surgical intervention.[[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.2016;47:660–664.]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) may develop visual compromise due to choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and few series address management strategies in the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) era. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of combination anti-VEGF and immunosuppressive therapy for CNV associated with BCR.PATIENTS AND METHODS:Retrospective, interventional case series. Patients with BCR from two tertiary uveitis and retina practices were reviewed. Patients with CNV in association with BCR were identified and reviewed in detail. Clinical features, treatments utilized (ie, anti-VEGF injections, immunosuppressive therapy), and functional and structural outcomes over long-term follow-up were recorded. Outcomes measured included Snellen visual acuity, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography macular thickness during treatment, number and type of anti-VEGF injections, the need for initiation or escalation of immunosuppression, and incidence of CNV in macula-involved versus macula-sparing BCR.RESULTS:Four of 36 BCR patients were diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization (11%). Identification of CNV in all patients prompted treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and an increase or initiation of local or systemic immunosuppression. Mean Snellen visual acuity improved from 20/60 to 20/30 at final follow-up (Four of 36 BCR patients were diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization (11%). Identification of CNV in all patients prompted treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and an increase or initiation of local or systemic immunosuppression. Mean Snellen visual acuity improved from 20/60 to 20/30 at final follow-up (P= .02). Mean central subfield thickness improved from 443 μ to 254 μ (P= .04). CNV in association with BCR occurred at a rate of 0.11 events per patient-year (95% CI, 0.02–0.31) in macula-involved BCR versus zero events/patient-year in macula-spared BCR (95% CI, 0–0.058; P= .009).CONCLUSION:Anti-VEGF therapy was effective for the treatment of CNV in BCR patients. A combination of systemic or local immunosuppression and anti-VEGF therapy may be useful in the management of CNV associated with BCR.[[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2016;47:450–457.]

The Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE‐Q) is a novel measure of vision‐related quality of life (QOL) and function in children. We aim to determine the validity of the EYE‐Q in childhood uveitis. We abstracted medical record data on arthritis and uveitis in a convenience sample of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and/or uveitis. In addition to the EYE‐Q, parents and patients completed questionnaires on overall QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]), and physical functioning (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire [C‐HAQ]). Among 57 children (8 JIA, 24 JIA and uveitis, 25 uveitis alone), 102 ocular examinations were performed within 1 month of completing questionnaires. Uveitis patients had bilateral disease (69%), anterior involvement (78%), synechiae (51%), and cataracts (49%). Children with vision loss in their better eye (visual acuity [VA] 20/50 or worse) had worse EYE‐Q (P= 0.006) and PedsQL (P= 0.028) scores, but not C‐HAQ scores. The EYE‐Q moderately correlated with logMAR VA (rs= −0.43), PedsQL (rs= 0.43), and C‐HAQ (rs= −0.45), but was not correlated with anterior chamber cells or intraocular pressure. The PedsQL and C‐HAQ did not correlate with VA or cells. There were strong correlations between the parent and child EYE‐Q (rs= 0.62). Cronbach's α for the child report was 0.91. The EYE‐Q had strong test–retest reliability (rs= 0.75). The EYE‐Q may be an important tool in the assessment of visual outcomes in childhood uveitis and an improvement over general measures in detecting changes in vision‐related function.

In a retrospective study of 6,479 injections in 740 eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration at 2 retina practices using different preparations of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy, incidence of sustained ocular hypertension was found to be low with no statistically or clinically significant difference between prepackaged and freshly prepared bevacizumab.