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This article presents an eight-channel 1.9-dB noise figure (NF) $K$ -band phased-array receiver (RX) for satellite communication (SATCOM). It employs the hybrid-packaged 65-nm CMOS beamformer and 0.1- $\mu \text{m}$ GaAs low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) based on the fan-out wafer-level chip-scale packaging (WLCSP) technology. For the power-efficient RX implementation, the power consumption of gain and phase tuning blocks is discussed, and the fully passive phase shifter (PS) and attenuator (ATT) are employed in this work. A global biasing scheme is proposed to ensure performance uniformity across temperature variations. Across the SATCOM band of 17.7–20.2 GHz, the proposed hybrid-packaged phased-array RX IC only consumes 30.2-mW dc power per channel and achieves < 1.2-dB gain variation and < 0.9-dB NF variation from −40° to 85 °C. Based on the RX IC, a dual-polarized 1024-element RX antenna array is further introduced. The measured gain-to-noise temperature ratios (G/Ts) are 6.22 and 6.51 dB/K at 19.7 GHz for left- and right-hand circular polarizations, respectively.

Large-scale millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) integrated phased array is the key technology to enable broadband 5G and satellite communications. This paper details the design considerations, challenges and trade-offs of mm-Wave integrated phased arrays based on bulk CMOS and multi-layer hybrid PCB technologies. Both technologies attain high yield and low cost for mass production. Important beamforming building blocks are addressed and compared in detail. Demonstrators of integrated phased arrays are presented from circuit to board levels. The 1024- and 4096-element integrated phased arrays achieve the EIRP of 72.5 and 84.0 dBm respectively. Finally, relevant phased-array transceivers and antennas from the recent literature are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the above article , Table III makes the comparison between the phase shifters with different topologies. The work in is referred in the comparison table, which presents the designs of two active vector-modulated phase shifters (VMPS). In , one of the presented test chips is with relatively small chip size and the other shows increased gain. In Table III of the work in , only the design with small chip size is included. For the completeness of the comparison, the performances of both designs are now shown in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]