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Magnetic drug targeting has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of drug delivery. Recent developments in real-time monitoring techniques have enabled the guidance of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the vascular network. Despite recent developments in magnetic navigation, no comprehensive strategy for swarm of nanoparticles steering under fluid flow exists. This paper introduces a strategy for MNPs steering in a vascular network under fluid flow. In the proposed scheme, the swarm of nanoparticles are initially guided to an area that guarantees their successful guidance towards a desired direction (called safe zone) using an asymmetrical field function to handle swarm of nanoparticles. Then, a transporter field function is used to transfer the particles between the safe zones, and finally a sustainer field function is used to keep the particles within the safe zone. A steering algorithm is proposed to enhance the targeting performance in the multi-bifurcation vessel. Utilizing the proposed concept, a high success rate for targeting is achieved in simulations, which demonstrates the potential and limitations of swarm of nanoparticles steering under fluid flow.

To enhance open access (OA) journal publishing environments, this study proposed and applied a diagnostic framework for OA journal publishing. The framework includes three dimensions: OA policy establishment and disclosure, OA sustainability and journal openness quality. By applying this framework to nine OA journals in the field of science and technology in Korea, challenges faced by OA publishing were uncovered. For the dimension of OA policy establishment and disclosure, it was found that participants had lower perceptions of the importance of OA‐related financial disclosure and archiving policies compared with copyright policies. The dimension of OA sustainability was recognized as critical among participants. Finance was recognized as the most critical component of OA sustainability. Financial sources were mostly internal funding and article processing charges (APC), and participants perceived the current financial status of their journal positively. However, they were concerned about long‐term financial security. For the journal openness quality dimension, the participants were hesitant in disclosing reviews and reviewers, which can facilitate the prevention of fake peer review of predatory journals. Based on the findings, the article discusses how the challenging issues identified could be addressed. The results of this study may provide a guide for OA policy and OA system development.

Although regional journals publish high‐quality research in diverse languages, research published in non‐English‐speaking countries (NESC) tends to have lower international visibility. By outlining the characteristics of SCOPUS journals published in NESC, this study aimed to inform regional scholarly communities interested in internationalizing their journals. A list of 294 SCOPUS journals in the Library and Information Science (LIS) field was extracted from the SCOPUS database; 39.12% of SCOPUS LIS journals (115 journals) were published in NESC. After excluding journals published in English‐speaking countries as well as journals published by international commercial publishers, this study analysed the characteristics of 62 journals. Forty‐eight (77.42%) of the 62 analysed journals were open access (OA) journals, and 37 (77.08%) of which were diamond OA journals. Although journals from NESC had relatively lower impact, journals that primarily used English (journal homepage, specified manuscript language) had higher impact than non‐English journals. This article discusses the importance of supporting OA (including diamond) journals to ensure international access of NESC journals, the limitations of this study, including relying on the SCOPUS LIS journals and quantitative analysis, and an agenda for future research regarding the internationalization of regional journals.

Despite the rising interest in open access (OA) diamond journals as a scholarly journal publishing model, their sustainability remains a pressing concern. Using the Open Access Diamond Journals Study (OADJS) Dataset, we examined the characteristics and factors of OA diamond journal publishing that are associated with high sustainability. From 1335 journals, 476 journals with low sustainability and 438 journals with high sustainability were selected and compared. Our analysis revealed that factors such as the region and official language of the publishing country and the discipline, ownership, and financial status of the journal were significantly associated with sustainability. Journals owned by government or national agencies, those with financial stability, and those promoting open practices like unrestricted text and data mining are more likely to be sustainable. This study also discusses the implications of these findings for the future of scholarly publishing and the open science movement. Ultimately, we emphasize the need for national and international support to enhance the sustainability of OA diamond journals and propose that a collective approach involving policymakers, funding agencies, and journal administrators is crucial for fostering a sustainable open access ecosystem.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2009.03.004 Byline: JungWon Yoon Keywords: Image indexing; Social tagging; Thesaurus Abstract: This study explored how user-supplied tags can be applied to designing a thesaurus that reflects the unique features of image documents. Tags from the popular image-sharing Web site Flickr were examined in terms of two central components of a thesaurus -- selected concepts and their semantic relations -- as well as the features of image documents. Shatford's facet category and Rosch et al.'s basic-level theory were adopted for examining concepts to be included in a thesaurus. The results suggested that the best approach to Color and Generic category descriptors is to focus on basic-level terms and to include frequently used superordinate- and subordinate-level terms. In the Abstract category, it was difficult to specify a set of abstract terms that can be used consistently and dominantly, so it was suggested to enhance browsability using hierarchical and associative relations. Study results also indicate a need for greater inclusion of Specific category terms, which were shown to be an important tool in establishing related tags. Regarding semantic relations, the study indicated that in the identification of related terms, it is important that descriptors not be limited only to the category in which a main entry belongs but broadened to include terms from other categories as well. Although future studies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of this user-oriented approach, this study yielded promising results, demonstrating that user-supplied tags can be a helpful tool in selecting concepts to be included in a thesaurus and in identifying semantic relations among the selected concepts. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide a practical guideline for designing a thesaurus for image documents that takes into account both the unique features of these documents and the unique information-seeking behaviors of general users. Author Affiliation: School of Library and Information Science, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., CIS 1040, Tampa, FL 33620, USA Article History: Received 8 August 2008; Revised 20 January 2009; Accepted 21 March 2009

This study investigated the status of data citation guidelines by analysing 15 style manuals and 100 data repositories in various fields. Analysis results are presented through a comparison with eight items in the Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles (JDDCP). Only nine style manuals and only 20 repositories contain instructions regarding data citation. The guidelines generally agree on the importance of the author, publication date, title, and publisher, but there is large variation between the different guides. Analysis of the guidelines revealed that they generally reflect the principles of the JDDCP. In particular, the principle of Credit and Attribution is significantly reflected in style manuals and data repositories and supports one of the major motivations for data sharing. The principles of Unique Identification, Access, and Persistence are less well supported in data citation guidelines. However, the principles of Importance, Evidence, Specificity and Verifiability, and Interoperability and Flexibility are rarely supported. The findings of this study reveal that better guidelines are required, and future work could investigate developing and assessing the standard guidelines for data citation in different fields.

In the realm of energy harvesting, free-standing, film-type, moisture-driven electricity generators (MEGs) based on polymer hydrogels with moisture-retaining capability are promising as a convenient and practical power source, making them potentially suitable for various self-powered, wearable, and patchable electronic devices. Their performance is, however, substantially degraded under low-humidity (<40%) conditions owing to the limited water supply to the device. This study presents a high-performance film-type MEG that functions at a low humidity of 20%. The MEG is based on an ion-selective polymer aerogel as an electricity-generating layer, constructed on a water-collecting gel as a water reservoir. The water-collecting gel in the bi-layered MEG absorbs moisture even under low-humidity conditions and efficiently delivers moisture to the electricity-generating aerogel layer. The energy-harvesting ability of the electricity-generating aerogel layer is further facilitated by its characteristic vertical microstructure, which comprises aerogel pores directionally grown on the frozen water-collecting gel during the freeze-drying process. The low humidity-tolerant MEG generated a stable open-circuit voltage of 1.1V for more than 500min even under dry conditions (20% relative humidity). Various self-powered electronic applications are demonstrated with the low-humidity-tolerant, bi-layered MEGs in dry environments. This study provides new insights for designing future MEGs for operation in low-humidity environments, further facilitating the development of green and sustainable power generation.

This study investigated how Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) data from the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) was cited in the scholarly literature. It addressed the following research questions: (1) What patterns of citations exist among authors of research articles using HINTS data? and (2) How is the citation format of HINTS data characterized? We collected scholarly articles that used HINTS data as primary or secondary data for analysis from Web of Science databases and HINTS publications on the NCI website. Among the resulting 250 articles, we identified citations to HINTS data themselves (data citations) and those to HINTS‐related documents (data‐related citations). Among the 250 articles, 156 articles (62.4%) cited HINTS data or HINTS‐related documents; only 29 articles (11.6%) cited HINTS data, while 127 (50.8%) cited HINTS‐related documents. Both data and data‐related citations increased over time. Data citation format varied, and 13 different compositions of citation elements were identified. Author, Title, and Location (URL) were common elements. The frequent use of URLs is undesirable due to URL instability. Furthermore, the data citations showed not only various compositions of citation elements but also ill‐defined element formats. Standardized citation formats are therefore needed.

This study attempts to explore Sino-South Korea collaborations in science and technology, focusing on the networks of university–industry–government (UIG) relations embedded in co-authored papers and co-assigned patents at the institutional and global levels. Patents and scientific publications are examined over the period 2004–2014 to capture recent trends and patterns of collaborative innovation activities among UIG actors in China and South Korea. The analysis has been carried out from a triple helix perspective, investigating the structure and dynamics of the Sino-Korea scientific and technological collaborations. The result reveals an imbalance between science and technology in knowledge dynamics and the different extent and intensity of collaborative efforts of the two countries. Based on comparative analysis of co-authorship and co-inventorship networks, the scale and density of scientific collaboration networks appear much higher than those of the technological counterpart. In fact, the technological collaboration between China and Korea is not common in patents and its network needs to be further strengthened. Implications for both China and Korea of future collaborative relationships are discussed.

Abstract: A virtual maintenance system in a virtual environment can be used to simulate a real-world maintenance system. The efficiency of the simulation depends mainly on the assembly/disassembly task sequence. During simulation, path planning of mechanical parts becomes an important factor since it affects the overall efficiency of the maintenance system in terms of saving energy and time. Therefore, planners must consider the path-planning factors under constraints such as obstacles and the initial/final positions of the parts, as well as the assembly sequence such as number of gripper exchanges and direction changes. We propose a novel optimal assembly algorithm that considers the assembly sequence of mechanical parts and the path-planning factors for a virtual maintenance simulation system. The genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal sequence of parts to minimize the numbers of gripper exchanges and direction changes, as well as find a repulsive force radius by using the potential field method to generate the shortest optimal distance for transferring each part during the assembly operation. By applying the proposed algorithm to a virtual maintenance system, users can be haptically guided to the optimized assembly solution during mechanical parts assembly operations.

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Today, the World Wide Web contains a vast collection of multimedia information sources which are mainly created and published by individuals. Image and video sharing services such as Flickr and YouTube pose new challenges in multimedia information indexing and retrieval and demand dynamic sets of solutions. Individuals are not just users but creators and indexers of multimedia information sources through activities such as tagging. User generated tags, taxonomies, and folksonomies of images are gaining popularity. Therefore, how to incorporate users tags into the process of indexing and retrieval needs urgent attention. Presenters on this panel conducted various studies on image tagging and descriptions by people and the common findings include: a tags assigned to groups of images and individual images differ in terms of their level of abstraction, b image tagging specificity and exhaustivity levels differ greatly among individuals, and c the accordance between existing controlled vocabularies and tags varies in terms of image attributes.To make this panel an interactive one, the audience will have the opportunity to discuss the general topic of social computing specifically image tagging and indexing guided by the following questions: 1Are usergenerated image tagsindex terms viable alternatives to index terms assigned by professionals? Or, if tags cannot substitute for indexergenerated index terms, can we utilize usergenerated tags to complement current indexing schemes by reflecting users needs which are not found in existing indexing schemes?2Can a large image indexing and retrieval system realistically rely on usergenerated tagsindex terms?3What does the audience think of the criticism that language used by users or usergenerated tagsindex terms is not precise and controlled?4Are we in a better position today, due to the popularity of social tagging, to effectively and efficiently implement truly usercentered indexing? Or, is social tagging merely a fad that users will not support in the long term?5What should the role of traditional indexing tools and systems be?

This study aims to provide an understanding of the information seeking process for image documents by focusing on needs for connotative messages. For this purpose, this study attempted to investigate and compare three stages of the image search process in terms of use of image attributes. The three stages of the image search process are identified as initiation, representation and selection, and image attribute levels are defined as color, denotative, and connotative attributes. Data was collected from a survey questionnaire composed of Likert scales, open questionnaires, and Semantic Differential scales. The study found that while color, denotative, and connotative attributes were all considered important by users, color itself did not have critical impact during the representing and selecting stages. Denotative and connotative attributes were important across the overall search process and users employed diverse denotative and connotative terms for finding a satisfactory image under a given task. This study also demonstrated that affective attributes of an image can be represented with reduced dimensions using Semantic Differential scales, and that reduced dimensions can be used to indicate more meaningful and relevant images.

Abstract.: The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR; http://arabidopsis.org) provides an integrated view of genomic data for Arabidopsis thaliana. The information is obtained from a battery of sources, including the Arabidopsis user community, the literature, and the major genome centers. Currently TAIR provides information about genes, markers, polymorphisms, maps, sequences, clones, DNA and seed stocks, gene families and proteins. In addition, users can find Arabidopsis publications and information about Arabidopsis researchers. Our emphasis is now on incorporating functional annotations of genes and gene products, genome-wide expression, and biochemical pathway data. Among the tools developed at TAIR, the most notable is the Sequence Viewer, which displays gene annotation, clones, transcripts, markers and polymorphisms on the Arabidopsis genome, and allows zooming in to the nucleotide level. A tool recently released is AraCyc, which is designed for visualization of biochemical pathways. We are also developing tools to extract information from the literature in a systematic way, and building controlled vocabularies to describe biological concepts in collaboration with other database groups. A significant new feature is the integration of the ABRC database functions and stock ordering system, which allows users to place orders for seed and DNA stocks directly from the TAIR site.

Clinicians’ asthma guideline adherence in asthma care is suboptimal. The effort to improve adherence can be enhanced by assessing and monitoring clinicians’ adherence to guidelines reflected in electronic health records (EHRs), which require costly manual chart review because many care elements cannot be identified by structured data.

Although social tagging has received attention in the LIS field as a promising information organization mechanism, there is little research comparing usersupplied tags and search queries. For using usersupplied tags as an alternative or supplementary tool for existing image representation schemes, there should be evidence which demonstrate to what extent there are similarities andor differences between usersupplied tags and search terms. Based on these considerations, this study investigates categorical differences between user supplied tags and Web search queries. Using Shatfords categories, the study identifies categorical characteristics of tags and queries. Using the 1st level of categories, a rough comparison was made. Usersupplied tags contain Generic terms for the majority, but Web search queries include Specific terms, rather than Generic terms. For a more detailed comparison between tags and queries, the 2nd level of categories from Shatfords was adopted. In most of subcategories, the categorical comparisons between tags and queries demonstrate considerable differences. Although this result is based on a small size of data sets, the result of this study can impact the way of social tagging systems and indexingranking systems of Web search engines for images.

Assessing interoperability in the networked information services and applications environment presents difficult challenges due in part to the multi‐level and multi‐faceted aspects of interoperability. Recent research to establish an interoperability testbed in the context of Z39.50 protocol clients and servers and online catalog applications identified threats to interoperability and defined a question space for interoperability testing. This paper reports on follow‐up research to develop an alternative approach for interoperability testing in the context of networked information retrieval that uses specially designed diagnostic records. These records, referred to as radioactive records, enable interoperability assessment at the protocol and semantic levels. This approach appears to offer an extensible method for interoperability testing for other metadata and protocol application environments. The resulting interoperability testbed incorporates additional components to exploit automatic processes for interoperability testing and assessment, thus improving the efficiency of interoperability testing.