Search

Threshold signature can solve the problems of high cost and network congestion during the execution of smart contracts. However, the information transmitted in public links is vulnerable to eavesdropping, tampering and other network attacks, it is essential to ensure the confidentiality and integrity during data transmission. However, traditional threshold signcryption is not suitable for blockchain setting and cannot withstand the quantum computing attacks. In view of these reasons, one lattice-based threshold signcryption for blockchain oracle data transmission (BCODT-LTSC) is devised in this article. BCODT-LTSC satisfies the existential unforgeability, confidentiality and threshold characteristic; it has very low computation cost and is suitable for the application in blockchain scenario.

Alternaria brassicicola(Ab) can cause a major yield and quality-limiting disease of Brassica oleraceacalled black spot, and the genetic resources conferring complete resistance against Abhave not been identified to date. Here, comparative transcriptome and targeted metabolome analysis were performed utilizing a newly identified resistant (R) line and a broccoli susceptible (S) line at 6, 24, and 72 h post-inoculation (hpi). Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment and the weighted gene co-expression network analyses showed that the phenylpropanoid pathway regulates the resistance to Abin broccoli. One metabolite, cinnamic acid, was significantly upregulated in the Ab_inoculated R line compared with the mock treatment but no significant difference in the S line, indicating that the cinnamic acid may cause the resistance difference between R and S lines. Our results also revealed that three indolic glucosinolates of I3G, 4MI3G, and 1MI3G were significantly increased in the Ab_inoculated R line compared with the mock treatment, and some related genes were differentially expressed between the R and S lines. These results provided new insights into the mechanism of Abdefense in B. oleraceaand have laid a theoretical foundation for effectively utilizing resistant germplasm resources in broccoli breeding.

To solve the storage difficulty and leakage problem of electronic medical records, we construct an identity-based searchable attribution signcryption for blockchain (BC-IDSASC) in this work, Identity-based searchable attribute signcryption combines the key with user attributes to support the identity verification and searchability; it also supports fine-grained access control to ensure the data confidentiality and unforgeability. IPFS (InterPlanetary File System) distributed storage system can effectively reduce the storage burden on blockchain and enhance the storage efficiency. BC-IDSASC has no key escrow and uses the smart contracts to achieve the decentralization; indexes and trapdoors can only be searched with the help of smart contracts so that the data transmission can be carried out in open channels. BC-IDSASC also has better computation efficiency.

Driven by new situation of “Internet +,” Internet has achieved the integrated development with all walks of life. Among them, the fifth generation is a key technology to promote the deep integration of Internet-of-Things equipment, cloud computing, blockchain and other trades. Hence, it is necessary for IoTs to consider the cost and efficiency of authentication and confidentiality of the communication. For effectively solving the above problems, we devise certificateless elliptic curve aggregate signcryption (CL-ECASC) scheme for IoTs that can improve the authentication efficiency, realize data confidentiality, and avoid the problems of complex certificate management and key escrow. Under the hardness of discrete logarithm and computational DiffieHellman problems on elliptic curve, CL-ECASC is proved to has the IND-CCA2 security (indistinguishability under the adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks) and UF-CMA security (existentially unforgeable under the adaptive chosen-message attacks). CL-ECASC has relatively faster computation efficiency and lower communication cost, and so it is suitable for secure transmission of the information in the previously mentioned environments.

Certificateless signcryption can simultaneously provide certificateless signature and encryption. In recent years, many certificateless signcryption schemes have been proposed. However, these schemes are based on traditional mathematical theory and not have the ability of resisting the quantum computing attacks. Up to now, lattice-based certificateless signature or encryption schemes have been proposed; however, these schemes only have one function and cannot fulfill two functions of certificateless signature and encryption at the same time. In consideration of this reason, in this article, a certificateless signcryption scheme from lattice (L-CLSS) is constructed. L-CLSS has three advantages. First, in the random oracle model, it is provably indistinguishable against adaptive ciphertext-chosen attacks under the intractability of the learning with errors (LWE) problem and unforgeable against adaptive message-chosen attacks under the hardness of small integer solution (SIS) problem. Second, comparison with the cryptographic algorithms under the difficulty of large integer decomposition, L-CLSS can resist the quantum computing attacks. Third, L-CLSS has higher computation efficiency and a lower communication cost than the existing schemes.

AbstractThe PEBP family members are reported to play important roles in plant flowering and reproductive organ formation. However, this gene family has not been identified nor their functions have been analyzed in Brassica oleracea. In this study, 10 PEBP genes were identified in the B. oleraceagenome. These genes were categorized as TFL1, FTand MFTsubfamilies according to the phylogeny and gene structure analysis. All the 10 PEBP genes were randomly distributed on seven of the nine chromosomes in B. oleracea. The expression profiles of the 10 PEBP genes in different tissues of cauliflower were evaluated through quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and we found that FTand TFL1genes tend to be expressed in reproductive organs and at high levels in the meristem, whereas the MFTgenes showed no or very low expression in all tested tissues. Notably, the five TFL1genes might be sub-functionalized in cauliflower. Bol026421and Bol032920were specifically expressed in SAMbr, maintaining the indeterminate growth of shoot apical meristem, whereas the other three genes (Bol015337, Bol005471and Bol010027) were highly expressed in curd stages. Highly expressed TFL1group genes with low mRNA levels of the flowering-promoting genes (FT, TSF), might be one of the important reasons of curd formation in cauliflower. Generally, the results obtained in this study will help further studies on the roles of PEBP genes during curd development and flowering initiation, leading to crop improvement.

Seeds of 32 pure lines and 6 commercial broccoli cultivars were used to investigate variation in glucosinolates and their breakdown products. The aliphatic glucosinolate content was 54.5–218.7 μmol/g fresh weight, accounting for >90% of the total glucosinolates. The major glucosinolates found were glucoraphanin and glucoerucin in 27 samples and progoitrin in 7 samples. A gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method was used to identify glucosinolate breakdown products; nine products were directly determined using standards. Using Arabidopsis thalianalines myb28myb29and Landsberg erectato hydrolyze each reference glucosinolate, seven products were tentatively identified. 4-(Methylsulfinyl)butyl isothiocyanate and 5-(methylsulfinyl)pentanenitrile contents were 2.6–91.1 μmol/g fresh weight and 0–35.4 μmol/g fresh weight, respectively, with epithionitriles being more common than nitriles in accessions rich in alkenyl glucosinolate. Additionally, (S)-5-vinyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione was detected in accessions rich in progoitrin. Specific lines with altered glucosinolate profiles and breakdown products were obtained and discussed according to the putative glucosinolate metabolism pathway.

Emerging contaminants, including antibiotics, threaten water safety and public health. To remove these contaminants while retaining beneficial minerals in water, such as calcium (Ca), a novel thin-film composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane was manufactured through polymerization of a barrier layer composed of polypiperazine amide onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber (HF) substrate. The pore size of the PVDF surface was refined by introducing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) via a thermally induced phase separation method. Then piperazine (PIP) and trimesoyl chloride were selected to synthesize the NF membrane by interfacial polymerization with NaHCO3as an additive. The influence of PIP concentration on the membrane morphology and separation performance was investigated. The optimized HF NF membrane (NF3) exhibited high water permeability (8.08 ​L/(m2 ​h ​bar)) due to its strong hydrophilicity. It also demonstrated a molecular weight cut-off of 378 ​Da and an enhanced negative surface charge (−43.96 ​mV), which was beneficial for the exclusion of antibiotics and passage of Ca2+. The high tetracycline rejection (98.9 ​%) enabled the NF3 membrane to achieve superior Ca2+/antibiotic selectivity (37.27) compared with most commercially available NF membranes. This study offers novel insights into tailoring the mineral/micropollutant selectivity of HF NF membranes for drinking water purification.

Network coding can improve the information transmission efficiency and reduces the network resource consumption, so it is a very good platform for information transmission. Certificateless proxy signatures are widely applied in information security fields. However, certificateless proxy signatures based on classical number theory are not suitable for the network coding environment and cannot resist the quantum computing attacks. In view of this, we construct certificateless network coding proxy signatures from lattice (LCL-NCPS). LCL-NCPS is new multi-source signature scheme which has the characteristics of anti-quantum, anti-pollution and anti-forgery. In LCL-NCPS, each source node user can output a message vector to intermediate node and sink node, and the message vectors from different source nodes will be linearly combined to achieve the aim of improving the network transmission rate and network robustness. In terms of efficiency analysis of space dimension, LCL-NCPS can obtain the lower computation complexity by reducing the dimension of proxy key. In terms of efficiency analysis of time dimension, LCL-NCPS has higher computation efficiency in signature and verification.