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The construction of 3,4-dihydroquinolone derivatives has attracted a considerable amount of attention due to their extensive applications in medicinal chemistry. In this study, we present the Pd-catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of vinyl benzoxazinanones with α-alkylidene succinimides for the efficient synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinolones. This approach presents numerous advantages, including the ready availability of starting materials, mild reaction conditions without the use of additional bases, and a wide range of substrates. In particular, all of the desired products can be easily afforded in high yields (≤99%) and excellent diastereoselectivities (>20:1). The practicality and reliability of this strategy were demonstrated by the successful scale-up synthesis and subsequent straightforward synthetic transformations.

The wideband GaAs-based integrated passive device (IPD) filter with high selectivity and reduced size is proposed by utilizing single through via (TV) inductive coupling. One series and two parallel dual-mode $\pi $ -type units containing two inductors and three capacitors are used to design the wideband fourth-order filter with two transmission zeros (TZs). Then, by combining eight TVs in three $\pi $ -type units into only one TV, three different inductive coupling transmission paths can be generated between input and output ports, resulting in the proposed filter that can achieve five TZs near the passband, then, the higher selectivity and the lower / upper stopband suppression up to 23 dB / 32 dB can be achieved. Besides, size of the proposed filter layout with one TV is approximately 21% smaller than that of the conventional filter layout with eight TVs. In final, a prototype with 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 79.3% is designed and fabricated at 3.67 GHz ( ${f}_{{0}}{)}$ . Its shape factor defined as 20-dB bandwidth / 3-dB bandwidth is only 1.25. This IPD filter occupies only $0.011\,\,\lambda _{{0}} \times 0.017\,\,\lambda _{{0}}$ , where $\lambda _{{0}}$ is the free-space wavelength at ${f}_{{0}}$ .

In this brief, a compact diplexer on folded substrate integrated waveguide (FSIW)-LC resonator with high selectivity and narrow channel spacing is proposed. For Channel I/II, two LC modes are embedded in the dual-mode FSIW (TE101 and TE201) to achieve the miniaturized quadruple-mode resonator, and these two LC modes are cross-coupled with TE101 and TE201 to generate two transmission zeros near the passband. Therefore, the high selective fourth-order filtering response can be designed. In addition, the embedded stepped-impedance-resonator (SIR) isolation network is applied to improve input/output matching and output isolation, while further miniaturizing the diplexer. In final, the proposed diplexer with 3-dB fractional bandwidths of 14% (Channel I) and 12.6% (Channel II) is designed at 4.84 GHz (Channel I @ $f_{1})$ and 5.86 GHz (Channel II @ $f_{2})$ . The shape factors, upper-stopband rejection and isolation are 1.49/1.28 (Channel I/Channel II), 24 dB extended to $2.49f_{1}$ and 33.4 dB, respectively. It occupies only $0.28~{\lambda }_{\mathrm{ g}}^{2}$ , where ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{ g}}$ is the guided wavelength at $f_{1}$ .

Four gastropod species including two new species (?Tinnyeasp., Cyclophoridae gen. et sp. indet., Metalycaeus fossilisn. sp., and Tortaxis zhangpuensisn. sp.) are described from the mid-Miocene Zhangpu amber. Among them, ?Tinnyeasp. is potentially the first fossil record of this group in lake systems of East Asia, outside of Mediterranean and Paratethys areas. Tortaxis zhangpuensisn. sp. and Metalycaeus fossilisn. sp. are likely the oldest representatives of respective genera. Despite Tortaxis zhangpuensisn. sp. being a juvenile shell, its whorls are taller and more convex in comparison to congeners, and from around 3.75thwhorl onwards the sub-sutural area of whorls displays a crenulated pattern. Metalycaeus fossilisn. sp. has a spirally striated protoconch (the key diagnostic character of the genus), and with strong, widely spaced R1 ribs, short R2, which distinguishes it from its congeners.

Paternal stress exposure-induced high corticosterone (CORT) levels may contribute to depression in offspring. Clinical studies disclose the association of depressive symptoms in fathers with their adolescent offspring. However, there is limited information regarding the intervention for intergenerational inheritance of depression. In this study we evaluated the intervention of cinnamaldehyde, a major constituent of Chinese herb cinnamon bark, for intergenerational inheritance of depression in CORT- and CMS-induced mouse models of depression. Depressive-like behaviors were induced in male mice by injection of CORT (20 mg·kg−1·d−1, sc) for 6 weeks or by chronic mild stress (CMS) for 6 weeks. We showed that co-administration of cinnamaldehyde (10, 20, or 40 mg·kg−1·d−1, ig) for 6 weeks in F0 males prevented the depressive-like phenotypes of F1 male offspring. In addition, co-administration of cinnamaldehyde (20 mg·kg−1·d−1, ig) for 4 weeks significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors of chronic variable stress (CVS)-stimulated F1 offspring born to CMS mice. Notably, cinnamaldehyde had no reproductive toxicity, while positive drug fluoxetine showed remarkable reproductive toxicity. We revealed that CMS and CORT significantly reduced testis glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, and increased testis and sperm miR-190b expression in F0 depressive-like models. Moreover, pre-miR-190b expression was upregulated in testis of F0 males. The amount of GR on miR-190b promoter regions was decreased in testis of CORT-stimulated F0 males. Cinnamaldehyde administration reversed CORT-induced GR reduction in testis, miR-190b upregulation in testis and sperm, pre-miR-190b upregulation in testis, and the amount of GR on miR-190b promoter regions of F0 males. In miR-190b-transfected Neuro 2a (N2a) cells, we demonstrated that miR-190b might directly bind to the 3′-UTR of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In the hippocampus of F1 males of CORT- or CMS-induced depressive-like models, increased miR-190b expression was accompanied by reduced BDNF and GR, which were ameliorated by cinnamaldehyde. In conclusion, cinnamaldehyde is a potential intervening agent for intergenerational inheritance of depression, probably by regulating GR/miR-190b/BDNF pathway.

L-cysteine (L-cys), as an important sulfur-containing amino acid, plays an indispensable role in biological systems. Too low and excessively high ratio of L-cys will cause harm to the function of human organs. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop efficient methods to detect it in multifarious samples. This paper has built an electrochemical sensor by combining Keggin-type polyoxometalate (PMo9V3) and cobalt tetrasulfonate (II) phthalocyanine (CoTsPc) on indium tin oxide electrodes using the layer-level self-assembly technology for efficiently detection of L-cys. The assembly process and surface morphology of the modified electrode was characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy. The conditions of electro-catalysed oxidation of L-cys were optimized by cyclic voltammetry, and the kinetic electrochemical parameters were also evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectra. Furthermore, the sensing performance of the modified electrode was explored using amperometry. The proposed electrochemical L-cys sensor was found to have superior sensing performance with a range of linear response of 2.5 × 10–7to 1.7 × 10–4mol·L−1 and 1.7 × 10−4to 39.5 × 10−4mol·L−1, the detection limit of 1.0 × 10–7mol·L−1(signal/noise = 3), and satisfactory anti-interference ability. Consequently, the fabricated sensor has the potential to be applied in laboratory practices for L-cys deterimination in commercial drinks.

Although numerous chiral pyrazolones with a six-membered spirocyclic center at the C4 position have been developed, the asymmetric construction of six-membered oxa-spiropyrazolones is still a challenging task in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe the [4 + 2] annulation of cyclobutanones and pyrazoline-4,5-diones for the efficient synthesis of δ-lactone-fused spiropyrazolone derivatives with generally high yields and good enantioselectivities under mild conditions. The successful scale-up synthesis and further transformation of the final product highlight the practicality and reliability of this reaction.

Gastropod fossils are rarely preserved in amber with only a few records of terrestrial snails. Two new species, Epitonium(Epitonium) zhuoin. sp. and Epitonium(Papyriscala) lyuin. sp. are described based on two well-preserved specimens from mid-Cretaceous amber from northern Myanmar. Highresolution three-dimensional images using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) are provided. These species can be attributed to the family Epitoniidae (wentletraps) based on the shell characters such as the slender and conical shell-shape, numerous whorls, round aperture and regular, axial sculpture of high, sharply-ribbed costae. Our find is the first record of marine gastropods preserved in amber, and suggests that the Burmese amber forest probably existed close to the seashore.

Infiltration of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) characterized by an M2 phenotype is an overriding feature in malignant tumors. Reprogramming TAM is the most cutting‐edge strategy for cancer therapy. In the present study, an iron‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoreactor loaded with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) is developed, which provides high uptake by TAM and retains their viability, thus effectively addressing the inefficiency of the DHA at low concentrations. Impressively, DHA@MIL‐101 can selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and remodel TAM to the M1 phenotype. The results of RNA sequencing further suggest that this nanoreactor may regulate ferroptosis, a DNA damage signaling pathway in TAM. Indeed, the outcomes confirm that DHA@MIL‐101 triggers ferroptosis in TAM. In addition, the findings reveal that DNA damage induced by DHA nanoreactors activates the intracellular cGAS sensor, resulting in the binding of STING to IRF3 and thereby up‐regulating the immunogenicity. In contrast, blocking ferroptosis impairs DHA@MIL‐101‐induced activation of STING signaling and phenotypic remodeling. Finally, it is shown that DHA nanoreactors deploy anti‐tumor immunotherapy through ferroptosis‐mediated TAM reprogramming. Taken together, immune efficacy is achieved through TAM's remodeling by delivering DHA and iron ions into TAM using nanoreactors, providing a novel approach for combining phytopharmaceuticals with nanocarriers to regulate the immune microenvironment. A dihydroartemisinin‐loaded nanoreactor motivates anti‐cancer immunotherapy by synergy‐induced ferroptosis to activate cGAS/STING for reprogramming of macrophage. DHA nanoreactor is taken up by TAM in the immune microenvironment, leading to the release of iron ions and DHA (binds and inhibits GPX4) to synergistically induce ferroptosis, wherein the fragments of DNA activate STING signaling pathway to drive TAM to polarize into M1.

The complex interaction between extracellular matrix and cells makes the design of materials for dental regeneration challenging. Chemical composition is an important characteristic of biomaterial surfaces, which plays an essential role in modulating the adhesion and function of cells. The effect of different chemical groups on directing the fate of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was thus explored in our study. A range of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with amino (−NH2), hydroxyl (−OH), carboxyl (−COOH), and methyl (−CH3) modifications were prepared. Proliferation, morphology, adhesion, and differentiation of hDPSCs were then analyzed to demonstrate the effects of surface chemical groups. The results showed that hDPSCs attached to the −NH2surface displayed a highly branched osteocyte-like morphology with improved cell adhesion and proliferation abilities. Moreover, hDPSCs cultured on the −NH2surface also tended to obtain an increased osteo/odontogenesis differentiation potential. However, the hDPSCs on the −COOH, −OH, and −CH3surfaces preferred to maintain the mesenchymal stem cell-like phenotype. In summary, this study indicated the influence of chemical groups on hDPSCs in vitro and demonstrated that −NH2might be a promising surface modification strategy to achieve improved biocompatibility, osteoconductivity/osteoinductivity, and osseointegration of dental implants, potentially facilitating dental tissue regeneration.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a kind of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes, and is caused by TP53 gene mutation. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is commonly described as the most closely related tumor with this disease. Here, we present a case of a male infant with composite ACC and neuroblastoma who inherited a TP53 gene mutation from his mother, a 20-year-old carrier without any tumor to date. This TP53 gene mutation may be pathogenic and lead to composite malignancies of ACC and neuroblastoma.

To observe the effects of different moxibustion times on proteins of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) ion channel protein and synovial cell apoptosis in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to provide a new basis for the anti-inflammatory mechanism of moxibustion. A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, moxibustion group I, moxibustion group II and moxibustion group III by complete randomization, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the normal group were bred routinely, and rats in the model group were also bred routinely after successful modeling. After successful modeling, rats in moxibustion group I, II and III accepted consecutive moxibustion at Zusanli (ST 36) and Shenshu (BL 23) for 15 d, once a day, respectively 5 min, 20 min and 30 min for each session. The degree of paw edema was observed and recorded. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the protein expression of TRPV3 ion channel in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn. Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to detect apoptotic synovial cell number. At the end of treatment, paw circumference of rats in moxibustion group II and III were significantly reduced as compared with that in the model group (P<0.05). TRPV3 ion channel protein expression of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn was higher in the model group than that in the normal group (P<0.05); the TRPV3 ion channel protein expressions of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord dorsal horn in moxibustion group II and III were higher than that in moxibustion group I (P<0.05); apoptotic synovial cell number in the model group was larger than that in the normal group (P<0.05), and apoptotic synovial cell numbers in moxibustion group II and III were significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.05). Moxibustion of appropriate time could induce TRPV3 expression, and promote synovial cell apoptosis. 观察不同艾灸时间对类风湿性关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)大鼠瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体3 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 3, TRPV3)离子通道蛋白及滑膜细胞凋亡的影响, 为艾灸抗炎的作用机制提供新的依据。 将50 只Sprague-Dawley (SD)大鼠按完全随机化分组法分为正常组、模型组、灸 I 组、 灸 II 组和灸 III 组, 每组10 只。正常组常规饲养, 模型组造模成功后进行常规饲养, 灸 I 组、灸 II 组、灸 III 组 造模成功后于足三里、肾俞二穴连续艾灸15 d, 1 次/d, 每次艾灸时间分别为5 min、20 min 和30 min。观察并记录各组大鼠足跖肿胀度, 采用免疫组化法检测背根神经节、脊髓背角TRPV3 离子通道蛋白表达情况, 运用末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling, TUNEL)检测滑膜组织细胞凋亡数。 治疗结束后, 灸 II 组、灸 III 组大鼠趾围与模型组相比显著减小(P<0.05)。模型组背根神经节、脊髓背角TRPV3 离子通道蛋白表达均大于正常组(P<0.05); 灸 II 组、灸 III 组背根神经节、脊髓背角TRPV3 子通道蛋白表达均大于灸 I 组(P<0.05)。模型组滑膜细胞凋亡数大于正常组(P<0.05), 灸 II 组、灸 III 组滑膜细胞凋亡数显著大于模型组(P<0.05)。 灸治适量时间可引发TRPV3 表达, 利于促进滑膜细胞凋亡。

PVA/PVP-assisted hydrothermal method was used to prepare single-crystal pre-perovskite PbTiO3 (PP-PT) nanofibers, in which polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) acted as surfactants. Subsequently, poly (vinylidene fluoride)/ pre-perovskite PbTiO3 nanofibers (PVDF/PP-PT) nanocomposite thin films were successfully fabricated by a spin-coating method. The test results showed that PP-PT nanofibers had a good distribution in PVDF matrix. Moreover, α-phase coexisted with β-phase in the PVDF and PVDF/PP-PT nanocomposite thin films. The dielectric properties of the PVDF/PP-PT nanocomposite thin films were measured as a function of frequency in the range of 5 kHz to 5 MHz. It is worth noting that the dielectric constant of nanocomposite thin films increased with increasing the weight ratio of PP-PT nanofibers in the low frequency range. By contrast, the dielectric constant of PVDF/PP-PT nanocomposite thin film which contained 20% PP-PT nanofibers was 43.7% larger than that of pure PVDF thin film (εr = 6.77) at 5 kHz, and the loss tangent was ~0.03.

This paper first describes the defects of operation terminal in smart home, Then the feasibility that voice activated technology is applied in the operation terminal of smart home is proposed,and the lack that voice activated technology is applied in the operation terminal of smart home is researched, Finally, a method is proposed to improve the voice activated technologyapplied in smart home.

A new method of parallel projection galvanometer scanning (PPGS) is presented, as a low-cost, flexible, trans-scale solution for laser material processing on freeform surfaces. The parallel projection transformation is used for mapping three-dimensional space curves to terraced two-dimensional plane graphics that each one is suitable for traditional galvanometer scanning method. For implementation of the PPGS method, a parallel projective laser scanning system with the combination of galvanometer and telecentric lens is needed, that the laser is directed along the space curve path on freeform surface part without deviation when the x-y axis galvanometer is scanning the mapping graphic path of the parallel projection plane. In practice, the existing 3D galvanometer scan system, "3+2" and rob-scan system are alternative choices in different application situations.

TiO2 nanotube arrays have attracted remarkable attention in recent years for diverse applications including water splitting photocatalysis, gas sensors, lithium-ion batteries and dye-sensitized solar cells, etc due to its semiconductor properties ,large surface area and nanotublar structures. Compared with TiO2 nanotube, free-standing and through-hole TiO2 nanotube membranes with optimized microstructure, direct electrons transfer,stability to mechanical vibrations,have a broader applied potential. This report presents several preparation methods of free-standing and through-hole nanotube membranes, and explains the mechanism of detachment process. These methods can be classified into two types: one is an in-situ method and the other is an ex-situ.

In this study, SbCl3 as catalyst to benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea as raw material in the ultrasonic radiation synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ketone. According to the orthogonal design optimization experiment, optimization method ultrasonic extraction technology, and ultimate pass to get the best synthetic condition for: material ratio 1.0,1.0,1.5(mol), ultrasonic power 100 w, ultrasonic time 2 hours, ultrasonic temperature 65℃, the yield is 61.08%.

"Negative space" became the thorny problem stranded in the city , by the comprehensive factors such as over-exploitation, industrial pollution, environmental destruction and chaotic management. Through eco-stitching, from three aspects of "stitching ecology - stitching History - stitching communication space", integrated treatment of complex environments. The paper takes Fanrong Street of Majia Channel in Harbin as an example, for the cold zones ecological reconstruction in winter, improving gradually and eventually become set "history display, ecological views, leisure and disaster prevention" in one of the many functions of city open space.

Facing the increasingly serious energy and climate crisis, the concept of low-carbon indicates development direction for building conservation. However, building functions are easily neglected in the process of low carbon residential buildings construction. Therefore, based on the concept of value engineering, this paper presents a comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate carbon emissions of residential building. It highlights residential building functions as well. Function coefficient can be confirmed by establishing residential buildings function evaluation index system. Moreover,the unit carbon emission isadopted as cost coefficient. The low-carbon nature of residential building will be evaluated by the ratio of function coefficient and cost coefficient.The aim of this research is to advance the awareness of residential building carbon emissions, exploring the path of realizing maximum satisfaction of building functions with minimum carbon emissions, which can provide new ideas of residential building carbon emissions evaluation.

N-sulfonylpyrrolidines and N-alkyl sulfonamides were efficiently prepared via alkylation of sulfonamides with 1,4-diols or alcohols by Tf2O. The reaction occurred under mild reaction conditions in moderate to high yields and tolerated aryl and aliphatic sulfonamides.

Chlorin e6 (Ce6) is a promising photosensitizer for tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the efficacy of Ce6 PDT is limited by Ce6’s poor water solubility, rapid blood clearance, and inadequate accumulation in the tumor tissue. This problem is tackled in this work, wherein functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) were used as carriers to deliver Ce6 to melanoma. The IO-NPs were coated with polyglycerol (PG) to afford good aqueous solubility. The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) was attached to the PG coating via the hydrazone bond to afford affinity to the cell membrane and thereby promote the cell uptake. The hydrophobic nature of DOX also induced the aggregation of IO-NPs to form nanoclusters. Ce6 was then loaded onto the IO nanoclusters through physical adsorption and coordination with surface iron atoms, yielding the final composites IO–PG–DOX–Ce6. In vitro experiments showed that IO–PG–DOX–Ce6 markedly increased Ce6 uptake in mouse melanoma cells, leading to much-enhanced photocytotoxicity characterized by intensified reactive oxygen species production, loss of viability, DNA damage, and stimulation of tumor cell immunogenicity. In vivo experiments corroborated the in vitro findings and demonstrated prolonged blood clearance of IO–PG–DOX–Ce6. Importantly, IO–PG–DOX–Ce6 markedly increased the Ce6 distribution and retention in mouse subcutaneous melanoma grafts and significantly improved the efficacy of Ce6-mediated PDT. No apparent vital organ damage was observed at the same time. In conclusion, the IO–PG–DOX NPs provide a simple and safe delivery platform for efficient tumor enrichment of Ce6, thereby enhancing antimelanoma PDT.