Search

ABSTRACTPneumococcal conjugate vaccine ten valent (PCV 10) was introduced into Nigeria in three phases. Phase 3 introduction started in August 2016. However, its impact on pneumonia admissions and mortality among vaccinated Nigerian children has not been determined. Data in the period before PCV-10 introduction (3 August 2013–2 August 2016), and after (3 August 2017–2 August 2020) were retrospectively extracted from the medical charts of eligible patients aged 3–24 months with hospitalized radiological pneumonia at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan; National Hospital (NH), Abuja; and Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH), Gombe, allowing for an intervening period of 1 year. Proportions of the patients with hospitalized pneumonia and case fatality rates were determined during both periods. The results were compared using z-test, multiple logistic regression analysis and p < .05 was considered significant. Adjusted pneumonia hospitalization rates between the two periods increased at the NH Abuja (10.7% vs 14.6%); decreased at the UCH, Ibadan (8.7% vs 6.9%); and decreased at the FTH, Gombe (28.5% vs 18.9%). Case fatality rates decreased across all the sites during the post-PCV introduction period: NH Abuja, from 6.6% to 4.4% (p = .106); FTH, Gombe, 11.7% to 7.7% (p = .477); and UCH, Ibadan, 2.0% to 0% (p = .045); but only significant at Ibadan. Overall, proportion of hospitalized pneumonia cases decreased after 3 years of PCV 10 introduction into the National Immunization Programme in Nigeria. The case fatality rate during post-PCV 10 introduction decreased at all the three sites, but this difference was significant at the UCH, Ibadan.

The increase in prevalence of asthma and other allergic diatheses has rarely been documented in the developing sub-Saharan countries. We assessed time trends in symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema among children in Ibadan, Nigeria, with cross-sectional data from 2 International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire-based surveys conducted 7 years apart in 1995 and in 2001-2002. The prevalence of current wheeze increased nonsignificantly in the 6- to 7-year age group (4.8%-5.5%) and significantly in the 13- to 14-year age group (10.7%-13.0%) (p = .249 and p= .005, respectively). The 12-month prevalence of allergic rhinoconjuctivitis decreased insignificantly in the 6- to 7-year age group (p = .833) but significantly in the 13- to 14-year age group (p = .001), while the diagnosis of atopic eczema decreased in both age groups. The current findings suggest that the symptoms of asthma have only increased significantly in the Nigerian adolescents.