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The Traditional Chinese Medicine compound preparation known as Diwu Yanggan capsule (DWYG) can effectively hinder the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is recognized worldwide as a significant contributor to fatalities associated with cancer. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms implicated have remained ambiguous. In present study, the model of HCC was set up by the 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats. To confirm the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in the microarray analysis, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted. In the meantime, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) was employed to characterize the component profile of DWYG. Consequently, the DWYG treatment exhibited the ability to reverse 51 variation genes induced by 2-AAF/PH. Additionally, there was an overlap of 54 variation genes between the normal and model groups. Upon conducting RT-qPCR analysis, it was observed that the expression levels of all genes were increased by 2-AAF/PH and subsequently reversed after DWYG treatment. Notably, the fold change of expression levels for all genes was below 0.5, with 3 genes falling below 0.25. Moreover, an investigation was conducted to determine the signaling pathway that was activated/inhibited in the HCC group and subsequently reversed in the DWYG group. Moreover, the component profile of DWYG encompassed a comprehensive compilation of 206 compounds that were identified or characterized. The findings of this study elucidated the potential alleviative mechanisms of DWYG in the context of HCC, thereby holding significant implications for its future clinical utilization and widespread adoption.

Currently, the development of Internet of Things (IoT) firmware heavily depends on third-party components (TPCs) to improve development efficiency. Nevertheless, TPCs are not secure, and the vulnerabilities in TPCs will influence the security of IoT firmware. Existing works pay less attention to the vulnerabilities caused by TPCs, and we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the security impact of TPC vulnerability against firmware. To fill in the knowledge gap, we design and implement FirmSec, which leverages syntactical features and control-flow graph features to detect the TPCs in firmware, and then recognizes the corresponding vulnerabilities. Based on FirmSec, we present the first large-scale analysis of the security risks raised by TPCs on 34,136 firmware images. We successfully detect 584 TPCs and identify 128,757 vulnerabilities caused by 429 CVEs. Our in-depth analysis reveals the diversity of security risks in firmware and discovers some well-known vulnerabilities are still rooted in firmware. Besides, we explore the geographical distribution of vulnerable devices and confirm that the security situation of devices in different regions varies. Our analysis also indicates that vulnerabilities caused by TPCs in firmware keep growing with the boom of the IoT ecosystem. Further analysis shows 2,478 commercial firmware images have potentially violated GPL/AGPL licensing terms.

In order to promote the growth of contemporary music and the reform of music, this article designs an improved collaborative filtering (CF) algorithm to solve the problem of sparse matrix in traditional recommendation algorithms. The data matrix is dimensionally reduced to find the nearest neighbor, so as to realize personalized recommendation of music teaching resources in colleges and universities. The test results show that the accuracy of the proposed teaching resource recommendation algorithm is improved by 22.56% compared with the traditional CF algorithm. The improved CF algorithm can provide more accurate prediction, and the recommendation effect of the improved algorithm is better than the original algorithm, which can effectively avoid the sparse matrix problem faced by the CF algorithm, and provide technical support for the development of contemporary music discipline and the reform of music discipline.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received extensive attention in the photocatalytic field because of its low cost, nontoxicity, suitable bandgap structure, and high physicochemical stability among diverse photocatalysts. However, traditional g-C3N4materials prepared by the high-temperature calcination of various organic precursors generally exhibit poor crystallinity and possess numerous internal and surface defects, leading to the rapid recombination of photo-excited charges. Constructing a highly crystalline g-C3N4photocatalyst, as opposed to the traditional poorly crystalline g-C3N4, effectively reduces internal and surface defects, facilitating efficient separation and rapid transfer of photoexcited charges. As a result, the photocatalytic performance is significantly enhanced. In this review, recent progress in highly crystalline g-C3N4photocatalysts is summarized. The microstructural characteristics of highly crystalline g-C3N4photocatalysts are discussed in detail. Synthetic methods for highly crystalline g-C3N4, such as the salt-assisted (multicomponent salt and single-component salt), template, two-step calcination method, microwave-assisted method, and others, are meticulously presented. Additionally, various modification strategies for highly crystalline g-C3N4, encompassing bandgap engineering, heterojunction construction, and co-catalyst modification, are presented. Subsequently, a detailed description of the photocatalytic H2-evolution applications of highly crystalline g-C3N4materials is given. Lastly, the paper concludes with a discussion on the outlook for highly crystalline g-C3N4photocatalysts, aiming to offer novel insights into the design of highly efficient crystalline g-C3N4photocatalysts.

Alkali metal optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), with a particular emphasis on spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometers, have garnered considerable attention due to their remarkable sensitivity. In this comprehensive review, we present a succinct overview of the fundamental principle of the magnetometer and the various categories of its central sensitive unit, namely the cell. We then proceed to elaborate on the vital aspect of establishing an extremely feeble magnetic field environment that is crucial for its operation, inclusive of both active magnetic shielding and passive magnetic compensation methodologies. In furtherance, we conduct a thorough evaluation of the pros and cons of single-beam and dual-beam pump-probe scheme magnetometers, followed by a detailed investigation of their potential applications in the cardiology and brain magnetism fields. Finally, we conclude with an analysis of the hurdles and prospective development directions for alkali metal-based atomic magnetometers in the domains of magnetocardiography (MCG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), which hold the promise of substantial progress and widespread adoption in the biomedical area.

Hybrid maize displays superior heterosis and contributes over 30% of total worldwide cereal production. However, the molecular mechanisms of heterosis remain obscure. Here we show that structural variants (SVs) between the parental lines have a predominant role underpinning maize heterosis. De novo assembly and analyses of 12 maize founder inbred lines (FILs) reveal abundant genetic variations among these FILs and, through expression quantitative trait loci and association analyses, we identify several SVs contributing to genomic and phenotypic differentiations of various heterotic groups. Using a set of 91 diallel-cross F1hybrids, we found strong positive correlations between better-parent heterosis of the F1hybrids and the numbers of SVs between the parental lines, providing concrete genomic support for a prevalent role of genetic complementation underlying heterosis. Further, we document evidence that SVs in both ZAR1and ZmACO2contribute to yield heterosis in an overdominance fashion. Our results should promote genomics-based breeding of hybrid maize.

AbstractWhen the fault in a focal area enters the critical state, nonlinear accelerated deformation and disturbance changes may occur during tide-induced loading and unloading. In this study, the anomalies in the Korla volumetric strain caused by earth tide were investigated using a theoretical model of tidal force. Results show that the step changes in the Korla volumetric strain may be triggered by tidal force within a short time frame, ranging from a few to tens of days, prior to a moderate earthquake. The azimuthal angles at the time of step changes are mainly distributed in the ranges of 124–158° and 185–228°, and the azimuth angle at the time of many nearby medium-to-strong earthquakes occurring in this step concentration area, suggesting that the step anomalies in the Korla volumetric strain are closely related to the horizontal tide-induced force in a specific direction. Using the Schuster method, it was found that the tide-induced azimuth angle of the step changes occurred mostly at the minimum value of the solid tide, providing evidences of the modulation of the solid tide. These results may present new ideas for using crustal deformation observations for short-term earthquake predictions.

AbstractThe sub-instability refers to a stress state that exists between the maximum stress the rock can withstand and its final failure. This stress state should be an indicator of impending large earthquakes, as it occurs in the final stage of earthquake nucleation. We apply the Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) method to explore sub-instability in the source media before large earthquakes. The earthquake-related observation data such as the groundwater, crustal deformation, electromagnetism and so on were adopted as data input. The load and unload phases at each observation station are discriminated by the change of Coulomb failure stress caused by earth tides along the tectonically optimal sliding direction. Retrospective studies of this approach on the 2020 Mw6.0 Jiashi, Xinjiang, 2022 Mw6.6 Menyuan, Qinghai, and Mw6.6 Luding, Sichuan earthquakes show that the LURR time series derived from the observation stations near the epicenter exceed 2 standard deviations of the mean within several days to years before the mainshocks. Additionally, as the time of mainshock approaches, the distance between the stations detecting LURR anomaly and epicenter decreases. The LURR anomalies indicate the presence of sub-instability prior to a large earthquake, and their spatio-temporal evolution may suggest the weakening processes in the source media.

Background: Lipid metabolism changes occur in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Yet little is known about metabolic gene changes in early AD cortex. Methods: The lipid metabolic genes selected from two datasets (GSE39420 and GSE118553) were analyzed with enrichment analysis. Protein–protein interaction network construction and correlation analyses were used to screen core genes. Literature analysis and molecular docking were applied to explore potential therapeutic drugs. Results: 60 lipid metabolic genes differentially expressed in early AD patients’ cortex were screened. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that up-regulated genes were mainly focused on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mediating the activation of long-chain fatty acids, phosphoproteins, and cholesterol metabolism. Down-regulated genes were mainly focused on lipid transport, carboxylic acid metabolic process, and neuron apoptotic process. Literature reviews and molecular docking results indicated that ACSL1, ACSBG2, ACAA2, FABP3, ALDH5A1, and FFAR4 were core targets for lipid metabolism disorder and had a high binding affinity with compounds including adenosine phosphate, oxidized Photinus luciferin, BMS-488043, and candidate therapeutic drugs especially bisphenol A, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinyl estradiol. Conclusions: AD cortical lipid metabolism disorder was associated with the dysregulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, ferroptosis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty acid elongation. Candidate drugs including bisphenol A, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinyl estradiol, and active compounds including adenosine phosphate, oxidized Photinus luciferin, and BMS-488043 have potential therapeutic effects on cortical lipid metabolism disorder of early AD.

Atomic magnetometers (AMs) are used in various fields, including magnetocardiography (MCG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). In AMs, accurately distinguishing and measuring the light-shift equivalent magnetic field generated by the pump beam from the remanent field within the central area of a magnetic shield have been a significant challenge. This article presents a novel measurement method that addresses this issue using 87Rb AMs. By exploiting the distinctive responses of the magnetometer to oscillating magnetic fields under different pump photon spin-polarization vectors s and employing a fitting technique at the resonance peak, we determined both the residual field and light shift. Furthermore, we conducted comprehensive numerical simulations to analyze the light shift of the pump beam under various conditions, e.g., photon spin vectors, intensities, and frequency detuning. In addition, experimental measurements were performed to investigate the pressure broadening effect on the $D1$ line of the cell. The proposed method allows precise measurement of remanent fields while eliminating the influence of light shift; thus, it is useful for high-precision atomic device measurements in diverse experimental settings.

Evidence suggests that complex interactions between the immune system and brain have important etiological and therapeutic implications in schizophrenia. However, the detailed cellular and molecular basis of immune dysfunction in schizophrenia remains poorly characterized. To better understand the immune changes and molecular pathways, we systemically compared the cytokine responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with schizophrenia and controls against bacterial, fungal, and purified microbial ligands, and identified aberrant cytokine response patterns to various pathogens, as well as reduced cytokine production after stimulation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in schizophrenia. Subsequently, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on unstimulated and stimulated PBMCs from patients and controls and revealed widespread suppression of antiviral and inflammatory programs as well as impaired chemokine/cytokine–receptor interaction networks in various immune cell subpopulations of schizophrenic patients after MDP stimulation. Moreover, serum MDP levels were elevated in these patients and correlated with the course of the disease, suggesting increased bacterial translocation along with disease progression. In vitro assays revealed that MDP pretreatment altered the functional response of normal PBMCs to its re-stimulation, which partially recapitulated the impaired immune function in schizophrenia. In conclusion, we delineated the molecular and cellular landscape of impaired immune function in schizophrenia, and proposed a mutual interplay between innate immune impairment, reduced pathogen clearance, increased MDP translocation along schizophrenia development, and blunted innate immune response. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms that drive systemic immune activation, neuroinflammation, and brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.

Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. This study sought to investigate whether transplantation of fecal microbiota from drug-free patients with schizophrenia into specific pathogen-free mice could cause schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities. The results revealed that transplantation of fecal microbiota from schizophrenic patients into antibiotic-treated mice caused behavioral abnormalities such as psychomotor hyperactivity, impaired learning and memory in the recipient animals. These mice also showed elevation of the kynurenine–kynurenic acid pathway of tryptophan degradation in both periphery and brain, as well as increased basal extracellular dopamine in prefrontal cortex and 5-hydroxytryptamine in hippocampus, compared with their counterparts receiving feces from healthy controls. Furthermore, colonic luminal filtrates from the mice transplanted with patients’ fecal microbiota increased both kynurenic acid synthesis and kynurenine aminotransferase II activity in cultured hepatocytes and forebrain cortical slices. Sixty species of donor-derived bacteria showed significant difference between the mice colonized with the patients’ and the controls’ fecal microbiota, highlighting 78 differentially enriched functional modules including tryptophan biosynthesis function. In conclusion, our study suggests that the abnormalities in the composition of gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia partially through the manipulation of tryptophan–kynurenine metabolism.

Since the development of single-hybrid maize breeding programs in the first half of the twentieth century1, maize yields have increased over sevenfold, and much of that increase can be attributed to tolerance of increased planting density2–4. To explore the genomic basis underlying the dramatic yield increase in maize, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genomic and phenotypic changes associated with modern maize breeding through chronological sampling of 350 elite inbred lines representing multiple eras of germplasm from both China and the United States. We document several convergent phenotypic changes in both countries. Using genome-wide association and selection scan methods, we identify 160 loci underlying adaptive agronomic phenotypes and more than 1,800 genomic regions representing the targets of selection during modern breeding. This work demonstrates the use of the breeding-era approach for identifying breeding signatures and lays the foundation for future genomics-enabled maize breeding.

The supported Pt and WOxcatalysts are widely studied for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol. Nevertheless, the promoting role of W species remains unclear owing to the complexity in ternary hybrid catalysts. Herein, tungsten oxides (WO3·0.33H2O) with the varying quantities of oxygen vacancy (VO) were successfully synthesized and directly used as a support for loading Pt. The platinum loading high oxygen vacancies (H-WO3) containing VOin abundance showed much higher catalytic activity and selectivity than that for low oxygen vacancies (L-WO3). The uniform dispersion of Pt particles, the high acidity, and the strong Pt and support interaction observed on Pt/H-WO3are associated with the existence of VOin a large amount, resulting in the significant enhancement in the catalytic performance. A plausible model for glycerol hydrogenolysis on Pt/H-WO3was proposed, wherein the unsaturated W ions coordinate with two terminal −OH groups of a glycerol molecule, and the secondary −OH group was protonated by the B acid from the Pt–(WOx)n–H as well as the in situ generated Hδ+species.

We use the Level II Irrotational Green–Naghdi (IGN-2) equations to study a number of wave diffraction problems. The IGN-2 equations can model strongly nonlinear waves. The three-dimensional solution of the IGN-2 equations is developed in this work and applied to some three-dimensional wave transformation and diffraction problems. Three test cases are considered. First one is on wave evolution in a closed basin. It is shown that the IGN-2 results agree well with the linear analytical results for small wave amplitudes. The following two cases involve wave diffraction problems caused by an uneven seabed. In both of these cases, excellent agreement is obtained between the IGN-2 model and the experimental measurements and numerical predictions of others. It is concluded that IGN-2 model can be used to accurately model diffraction and transformation of nonlinear waves in three dimensions.

Nestedness has been a research focus in fields of island biogeography and community ecology in recent decades. Although nestedness of faunal assemblages has been investigated in natural wetlands, it remains largely unknown whether and why waterbird communities in artificial wetlands follow nested patterns. We examined the existence of nestedness and underlying drivers in waterbird communities in subsidence wetlands that are recently created by large-scale underground coal mining in the North China Plain. Twelve point-count surveys for waterbirds were undertaken approximately every 2 weeks in 55 subsidence wetlands from September 2016 to April 2017. We used the metric WNODF to estimate nestedness of the assemblages. Partial Spearman rank correlations were performed to examine the association between the nestedness and habitat variables (wetland area, landscape connectivity, wetland age, and habitat diversity) as well as life-history traits (body size, clutch size, dispersal ratio, geographical range size, and migrant status) related to species extinction risk and colonization rate. Waterbird assemblages in the subsidence wetlands were significantly nested. After controlling for other independent variables, the magnitude of nestedness was significantly and negatively correlated with wetland area and species trait linked to extinction risk (i.e., geographical range size). Our results indicate that selective extinction may be the main driver of the nestedness of waterbird assemblages in our study system. However, the nestedness was not due to passive sampling, selective colonization, or habitat diversity. From a conservation viewpoint, both large wetlands and waterbirds with a small geographic range should be protected to maximize the preserved species richness.

Tungsten and aluminum were directly incorporated into SBA-15 via one-step synthesis method under an acidic medium. The W- and Al-incorporated SBA-15 was applied as support for Pt nanoparticles to catalyze glycerol hydrogenolysis toward 1,3-propanediol. A combination of the characterization techniques showed that the tungsten and aluminum were incorporated into SBA-15 homogeneously, and the platinum nanoparticles could be uniformly dispersed on the modified-SBA-15. The catalytic performance of Pt-loaded SBA-15 could be significantly improved after the incorporation of tungsten and aluminum into SBA-15, reaching a 1,3-PDO selectivity near 50% when the glycerol conversion was 66%. The glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction proceeds through a dehydration–hydrogenation process, and the enhanced 1,3-PDO selectivity greatly benefited from the synergism between Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites, which is tightly related with the incorporation of tungsten and aluminum species on the modified SBA-15.

Papain-like protease (PLpro) is a promising therapeutic target for its pivotal role in the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. A series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives was designed and synthesized via a ring formation strategy based on SARS-CoV-2 PLpro–GRL0617 complex structure. Systematic structure–activity relationship studies revealed that introducing oxadiazole and aryl carboxylic acid moieties to GRL0617 enhanced the enzymatic inhibition activity, affinity, and deubiquitination capacity toward PLpro. 1,2,4-Oxadiazole compounds 13fand 26r, which had PLpro inhibition activity (IC50= 1.8 and 1.0 μM) and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (EC50= 5.4 and 4.3 μM), exhibited good metabolic stability (t1/2> 93.2 min) and higher plasma exposure (AUC0–t= 17,380.08 and 24,289.76 ng·h/mL) in mice. Especially, compound 26rwith moderate oral bioavailability of 39.1% and potent antiviral activity is worthy of further studies in vivo. Our findings provide a new insight for the discovery of antiviral agents targeting PLpro.

Purpose. Specific retinal abnormalities of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) commonly include retinal astrocytoma and combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. Vasculopathy is an uncommon manifestation of NF2. We reported an NF2 patient presenting with retinal ischemia. Observations. An 18-year-old healthy Chinese female with acute decreased vision. The fundus examination and optical coherence tomography revealed optic disc hamartoma in the right eye and paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and cotton wool spot indicating retinal ischemia in the left eye. Brain MRI showed bilateral acoustic neuroma, parasellar meningioma, and cervical extramedullary tumor. The genetic test confirmed the diagnosis of NF2. Conclusions and Importance. Our case suggests that retinal ischemia could be the presenting sign of NF2. NF2 could be associated with retinal vasculopathy in addition to retina tumors.

In this paper, the effects of background linear and nonlinear shear-currents on internal solitary waves in a two-layer fluid system are studied. In the linear shear-current case, the strongly nonlinear internal-wave equations (SNIWE) and the high-level Green–Naghdi (HLGN) equations are used to study the effect of the current on the wave speed, wave profile and velocity distribution. A comparative study between the results of these two models is presented. The SNIWE, commonly used in the literature, however, is confined to a condition where the horizontal velocity is invariant in the vertical direction in the absence of current, and it varies linearly in the presence of a shear current. It is shown in this study that this assumption is not valid under nonlinear shear-current conditions, or when current is in the opposite direction of the wave, resulting in large errors. In such cases, the use of a nonlinear theory which relaxes this assumption, e.g. the HLGN equations, is necessary. The effects of background nonlinear shear-currents on the speed, profile and velocity field of internal solitary waves are investigated here by use of the HLGN equations. It is found that the nonlinear shear-currents affect the velocity field of the internal solitary wave significantly more than the linear shear-currents do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of the research presented here is the development of an efficient analytical model for the time-domain simulation of the evolution of a train of a three-dimensional steep random waves and its associated flow. Of particular interest here is the development of a tool that not only accurately predicts the surface elevation history of this wave train, but also the kinematics within the waves, particularly near the free surface. Fenton (Advances in coastal and ocean engineering, vol 5, World Scientific, Singapore, pp 241–324, 1999) reviews the rich literature of various computational models for water waves and is divided between analytical approaches that develop systems of equations to describe the evolution of waves in space and time, and computational approaches such as CFD (which will not be the focus here). What is required to analyze properly the practical ocean engineering problem described in the motivation below is a theory that predicts the three-dimensional evolution of waves that simultaneously has four essential characteristics: deep-water, random broadband seaways, steep waves (close to breaking), and demonstrated accuracy in both wave shape and near-surface wave kinematics. The number and variety of theories that satisfy some but not all of these characteristics is too voluminous to reference here; dynamic theories that exhibit the confluence of all four characteristics are apparently nonexistent. The intent of this paper is to make a step in the direction of filling this void by extending the Green–Naghdi theory of deep-water waves. It is shown that higher level GN models using distributed directors do have a bandwidth that is significantly larger than former GN models and have the same computational effort as using the traditional directors. The bandwidths achieved with the new approach are large enough to be useful in the context of many ocean engineering problems. Applications of these models to random wave situations will be reported in a subsequent article.

Formic acid-mediated deoxydehydration of glycerol has emerged as an attractive approach to produce allyl alcohol; however, separation of allyl alcohol by distillation is not a straightforward task from the mixture of allyl alcohol, formic acid, and water because of their very close boiling point. A new route to separate allyl alcohol with high purity has been developed by the precipitation, distillation, and salting-out process. Among 11 salts, NaCl, K2HPO4, and K2CO3could easily induce the liquid–liquid phase splitting. K2CO3exhibits the best salting-out effect in a single salt system. Meanwhile, the solubility of allyl alcohol in the organic phase could be predicted by the mass fraction of salt. The allyl alcohol purity of >99.9% could be achieved by using 35% K2CO3+ 25% K2HPO4. The results also provide valuable references to obtain high-purity allyl alcohol for all the glycerol to allyl alcohol routes, because it is indispensable to separate allyl alcohol from its aqueous solution.

Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) is of significant industrial value. The conventional synthetic approach for the supported Pt–WOxcatalysts with potential for industrial application generally required a high Pt loading with an aim to create more Pt–O–W interfaces owing to the difficulty in controlling the formation of active WOxspecies and their high dispersion on supports. In this study, a thin coating of a WOx–Ta2O5solid solution on a Ta2O5surface was successfully fabricated by the calcination of W-precursor-containing Ta2O5at a high temperature (i.e., 900 °C), leading to high dispersion of low-polymeric tungsten oxide with abundant oxygen defects on the support surface. The oxygen defects of the WOxspecies in the WOx–Ta2O5solid solution layer played a key role in anchoring and dispersing platinum species to maximize the Pt–O–W interface. WOx(900)/Ta2O5-supported Pt exhibits much higher catalytic efficiency toward the production of 1,3-PDO (TOF1,3-PDO= 23.2 g1,3-PDO·gPt–1·h–1) than that of WOx(500)/Ta2O5-containing Pt derived from routine calcination temperatures. Several characterization techniques were applied to examine the state change of WOxon the support by varying the calcination temperature, as well as the effect of WOxspecies on the dispersion and chemical states of platinum species.

For quantum sensing based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, microwave irradiation with uniform power density and large detection volume is necessary to achieve ultrahigh sensitivity. We demonstrate the fabrication of a double magnetic ring stereoscopic antenna used for the tridimensional uniform control of NV spin ensembles with a 4? mm2× 2 mm large volume. Compared with those of traditional microwave antennas (copper wire and single-loop antenna), the sensitivity of the sensor can be improved 4.93 and 9.98 times, and the linearity of the lock-in signal can be increased by 2.04 and 1.11%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed antenna can suppress the thermal noise generated by itself and is amenable to three-dimensional (3D) integration.

Sensing properties of nitrogen (N)-riched diamond as the core component of the sensors based on ensemble nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers has direct impact on sensors' performance. The concentration of paramagnetic centers (mainly NV[?], NV0, and N) in N-riched diamond plays a decisive role in diamond sensing properties. Here, we proposed a method to evaluate sensing properties of N-riched diamonds as the sensor sensitive unit by associating parameters R (contrast) and $T_{2}^{*}$ (inhomogeneous spin relaxation time) in the ideal sensing model with concentrations of paramagnetic centers. The results can be used to design high sensitivity solid-spin-based sensors and explore the novel spin functional materials.

The Green-Naghdi (GN) theory is used here to simulate two-dimensional (2D) underwater landslide-induce tsunamis. Finite difference method is used to solve the GN equations. GN theory has different levels. There are GN-1, GN-2, ⋯, GN-Ktheory in GN theory. When Kgoes up, the GN equations will be more complicated, and the results will be more accurate. For the case simulated here, results of GN-5 theory are better than results of GN-3 theory. GN-7 results are almost the same as GN-5 results. That means GN-5 results are the converged results from GN theory. GN-5results agree well with other's experimental results.

A new Boundary Element Method (BEM) is developed for the solution of the induced velocity at the sharp corners in the context of potential flow. This method is based on the framework of low-order direct BEM to solve the Boundary Integral Equation (BIE), which mainly applies the Taylor expansion to the dipole strength in the BIE, reserves the first-order, second-order and mixed derivatives, and finally solves the corresponding tangential derivatives with respect to the field point in the BIE to form the closed equations. So the method is named the second-order Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (the 2nd order TEBEM), which can accurately solve the induced velocity on the non-smooth boundary, compared with the low-order BEM (Constant panel method), and all of the singular integrals in 2nd order TEBEM can be solved analytically. Its implementation is quite easy compared with high-order BEM. The characteristics of 2nd order TEBEM are studied by various wave diffraction problems, and the results of 2nd order TEBEM are compared with the analytical solutions and other numerical results, which show satisfactory agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]