1. Design, Synthesis, Anti-TMV Activity, and Structure–Activity Relationships of Seco-pregnane C21Steroids and Their Derivatives
- Author
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Yan, Ying, Tang, Pan, He, Siyu, Kong, Xiangkai, Wang, Rong-Hua, Shi, Jing, Zhang, Tianyuan, Di, Ying-tong, Tang, Lei, and Hao, Xiao-Jiang
- Abstract
seco-pregnane C21steroids exhibit high antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). However, the structural modification of seco-pregnane C21steroids and the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of the modified compounds remain unevaluated. Hence, the present study investigated how variations in the original skeletons of natural seco-pregnane C21steroids affect their antiviral activity. A series of glaucogenin C and A derivatives were designed and synthesized for the first time, and their anti-TMV activity was evaluated. Bioassay results showed that most of the newly designed derivatives exhibited good to excellent antiviral activity; among these derivatives, 5g, 5j, and 5lwith higher antiviral activity than that of ningnanmycin emerged as new antiviral candidates. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assay revealed reduced levels of TMV coat protein (TMV-CP) gene transcription and TMV-CP protein expression, which confirmed the antiviral activity of these derivatives. These compounds also downregulated the expression of NtHsp70-1and NtHsp70-061. Computational simulations indicated that 5ldisplayed strong van der Waals energy and electrostatic with the TMV coat protein, affording a lower binding energy (ΔGbind= −56.2 kcal/mol) compared with Ribavirin (ΔGbind= −47.6 kcal/mol). The SAR of these compounds was also evaluated, which demonstrated for the first time that substitutions at C-3 and double bonds of C-5/C-6 and C-13/C-18 are crucial for maintaining high anti-TMV activity.
- Published
- 2024
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