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The effect of reactor water for Environmental Assisted Fatigue (EAF) should be evaluated with caution in the fatigue assessment of the Class 1 components while the influence trend of strain rate on environmental correction factor (Fen) and on alternating stress values is often inconsistent. Currently, the influence of the load pairing method on the Fenfactor is often ignored in the existing codes. In this paper, the EAF problem is introduced firstly, including the development of EAF and its evaluation methods. Although the main consideration focuses on the method of using the Fenfactor to evaluate the EAF problem, the feedback of American experience, the modification of the latest RCC-M Code and the detailed process of EAF evaluation are also discussed. At the end of 2019, the sub-committee of RCC-M Code has launched a benchmark on the topic of the EAF problem based on the 2016 Edition of RCC-M Code which includes recent evaluations in fatigue assessment rules and the results of the benchmark. Then, the Digital Twin Technology (DTT) for the EAF are discussed. The DTT needs to accumulate the basic operating data, firstly. Through the Influence Function (IF) to automatically analyze stress data, the more reasonable operation parameters can be selected to reduce the effect of EAF. Based on the engineering cases, the reliability of the IF and the influence of different load pairing method on the fatigue damage value are analyzed. Lastly, the IF is showed to be accurate enough to be used in the DTT. The analysis case shows that when considering EAF, the existing code assessment method may produce non-conservative results.

Single-atom photocatalysts have demonstrated an enormous potential in producing value-added chemicals and/or fuels using sustainable and clean solar light to replace fossil fuels causing global energy and environmental issues. These photocatalysts not only exhibit outstanding activities, selectivity, and stabilities due to their distinct electronic structures and unsaturated coordination centers but also tremendously reduce the consumption of catalytic metals owing to the atomic dispersion of catalytic species. Besides, the single-atom active sites facilitate the elucidation of reaction mechanisms and understanding of the structure-performance relationships. Presently, apart from the well-known reactions (H2production, N2fixation, and CO2conversion), various novel reactions are successfully catalyzed by single-atom photocatalysts possessing high efficiency, selectivity, and stability. In this contribution, we summarize and discuss the design and fabrication of single-atom photocatalysts for three different kinds of emerging reactions (i.e., reduction reactions, oxidation reactions, as well as redox reactions) to generate desirable chemicals and/or fuels. The relationships between the composition/structure of single-atom photocatalysts and their activity/selectivity/stability are explained in detail. Additionally, the insightful reaction mechanisms of single-atom photocatalysts are also introduced. Finally, we propose the possible opportunities in this area for the design and fabrication of brand-new high-performance single-atom photocatalysts.

To improve the reliability of the attitude determination system with redundant gyroscopes, this article proposes a gyroscope fault accommodation method using a bank of dedicated Kalman filters. The redundant gyroscopes are divided into several groups and then a dedicated Kalman filter is designed for each group of gyroscopes. The residuals generated by the dedicated Kalman filters indicate the consistency levels between the measurements of the star sensor and the gyroscopes. Based on the estimation results provided by the Kalman filters, a fault accommodation method using online selection strategy is proposed to attenuate the effect of the fault. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Freshly consumed peaches (Prunus persicaL. Batsch) can cause allergic reactions in the worldwide population because of the presence of four classes of allergens (Pru p 1, Pru p 2, Pru p 3, and Pru p 4). Fruit bagging has been widely practiced in peach cultivation to improve fruit quality; however, its effect on the expression of peach allergen-encoding genes remains unknown. In this study, the influence of fruit bagging with opaque paper bags on the major peach allergen-encoding genes, including Pru p 1.01, Pru p 1.06B, Pru p 2.01B, Pru p 2.02, Pru p 3.01, Pru p 4.01, and Pru p 4.02, were measured by means of real-time PCR. A significant reduction in transcript accumulation was observed for all of the selected genes in the epicarps of the bagged peach fruits, whereas slight increases were observed in the mesocarps for these genes, with the two exceptions of Pru p 2.02and Pru p 3.01. For most of these genes, much higher transcripts were determined in the epicarps than in the mesocarps. Taken together, a significant reduction in the transcription rate of the allergen-encoding genes in the whole peach fruit was achieved by shading with opaque paper bags. According to these data, modifications in growing practices of peach may help to obtain fruits with lower levels of allergens and thus contribute to reducing potential allergenic risks in consumers.

•A high CO2adsorption capacity ZIF-8/TiO2hybrid material was prepared.•CO2is adsorbed by ZIF-8 to skip the rate-limiting step.•The CO2capture and photoreduction process are combined into a single.•The hybrid material can enhance CO and CH4yield effectively.

•We present a two-steps synthesis method, depositing metal nanoparticles on the substrates and then reducing the nanoparticles instead of conventional synthesis strategy, to prepare plasmonic Ag nanoparticles on TiO2nanorod arrays as three-dimensional nanostructures using H2cold plasma driven by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge.•The Ag nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed with an average particle size of 5.8nm which bring the effect of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR).•The Ag@TiO2three-dimensional nanostructures composites shows remarkable improvement for reducing CO2to CO and CH4under visible light compared to pristine TiO2.•The method is rapid, simple, more efficient and readily industrialized.

Kenzo Tokunaga and colleagues report that MARCH8 inhibits the incorporation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein into virus particles, thereby reducing viral infectivity.

In this report, superhydrophobic titanium-based materials were synthesized using the combination of sandblasting and alkali-etching to construct topology, and the self-assembly fluorination process with fluorocarbon coating. The as-prepared superhydrophobic titanium-based materials possessed an echinus-like topology, and obtained an efficient drag-reduction property, showing maximum decline value of 26% in glycerin–water solution. Additionally, due to the introduction of a titanate coupling agent, the as-prepared titanium-based materials can maintain the superhydrophobicity for 8 months in the seawater, indicating good durability.Superhydrophobic Ti-based material possesses a typical echinus-like topology, and the water droplet can exist in the form of quasi-sphere. The introduction of titanate coupling agent can lead to a durable wettability in seawater. The as-prepared Ti-based material obtains efficient drag-reduction property with a maximus decline value of 26% in glycerin water solution.