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Given the prevalence of the malignant weed Chinese Sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis(L.) Nees) in rice fields, the development of novel herbicides against this weed has aroused wide interest. Here, we report a novel diphenyl ether-pyrimidine hybrid, DEP-5, serving as a systematic pre/postemergence herbicide candidate for broad-spectrum weed control in rice fields, specifically for L. chinensis. Notably, DEP-5exhibits over 80% herbicidal activity against the resistant biotypes even at 37.5 g a.i./ha under greenhouse conditions and has complete control of L. chinensisat 150 g a.i./ha in the rice fields. We uncover that DEP-5acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 39.4 μM. We propose that DEP-5binds to AHAS in two hydrophobic-driven binding modes that differ from commercial AHAS inhibitors. Overall, these findings demonstrate that DEP-5has great potential to be developed into a herbicide for L. chinensiscontrol and inspire fresh concepts for novel AHAS-inhibiting herbicide design.

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have gained popular attention in recent years because of their efficient tumor accumulation through EPR effect and renal clearance. In this work, we put forward a new approach to prepare glutathione-coated, 68Ga-labeled AuNCs (68Ga-GHS@AuNCs) with ultrasmall sizes (< 2 nm) for PET/CT imaging of tumors. GHS@AuNCs has low cytotoxicity in vitro. PET/CT imaging revealed that the 68Ga-GHS@AuNCs could target tumor and be cleared by kidney efficiently. Our study demonstrates that 68Ga-GHS@AuNCs has great potential for detection of tumors.

China, one of the most populous countries in the world, has suffered the highest number of natural disaster-related deaths from fire. On local scales, the main causes of urban fires are anthropogenic in nature. Yet, on regional to national scales, little is known about the indicators of large-scale co-varying urban fire activity in China. Here, we present the China Fire History Atlas (CFHA), which is based on 19947 documentary records and represents fires in urban areas of China over the twentieth century (1901–1994). We found that temperature variability is a key indicator of urban fire activity in China, with warmer temperatures being correlated with more urban fires, and that this fire–temperature relationship is seasonally and regionally explicit. In the early twentieth century, however, the fire–temperature relationship was overruled by war-related fires in large urban areas. We further used the fire–temperature relationship and multiple emissions scenarios to project fire activity across China into the twenty-first century. Our projections show a distinct increase in future urban fire activity and fire-related economic loss. Our findings provide insights into fire–climate relationships in China for densely-populated areas and on policy-relevant time scales and they contribute spatial coverage to efforts to improve global fire models.This study found that temperature variability is a key indicator of urban fire activity in China, with warmer temperatures are correlated with more urban fires, and that this fire-temperature relationship is seasonally and regionally explicit. In the early twentieth century, however, the fire-temperature relationship was overruled by war-related fires in large urban areas.

To our knowledge, there are no published reports of heat exhaustion and pesticide exposure in a labor trafficked patient in the literature. Here we represent the case of J.C.J.L., who was labor trafficked. He presented to a local emergency department with heat exhaustion and pesticide exposure related to working conditions in a Mississippi corn field. Unfortunately, while he received medical treatment, his labor trafficking condition was missed. Emergency departments should be equipped to assess for human trafficking and connect trafficked persons with the resources they need. Emergency physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for human trafficking among migrant workers presenting with occupation-related complaints.

We introduce a functional factor model to investigate the dependence of cumulative return curves of individual assets on the market and other factors. We propose a new statistical test to determine whether the dependence in two sample periods are equal. The statistical properties of the test are established by asymptotic theory and simulations. We apply this test to study the impact of the recent financial crisis and trends in oil price on individual stock and sector ETFs. Our analysis reveals the significance of the daily oil futures curves and their different impact on individual stocks and sector ETFs. It also shows that the functional approach has an information content different from that obtained from scalar factor models for point-to-point returns.

Identification of effects that climate teleconnections, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), have on wildfires is difficult because of short and incomplete records in many areas of the world. We developed the first multicentury wildfire chronologies for northeast China from fire‐scarred trees. Regional wildfires occurred every 7 years from the 1700s to 1947, after which fire suppression policies were implemented. Regional wildfires occurred predominately during drought years and were associated with positive phases of ENSO and PDO and negative NAO. Twentieth century meteorological records show that this contingent combination of +ENSO/+PDO/−NAO is linked to low humidity, low precipitation, and high temperature during or before late spring fire seasons. Climate and wildfires in northeast China may be predictable based on teleconnection phases, although future wildfires may be more severe due to effects of climate change and the legacy of fire suppression. Regional wildfires in northeast China reconstructed from tree ring data occurred on average every 7 years from 1774 to 1949Regional wildfires were associated with regional droughts and large‐scale climate drivers (+ENSO/+PDO/−NAO)Fire suppression policies implemented since 1949 may have contributed to more severe fire behavior and more extensive burning

Maize (Zea maysL.)-soybean (Glycerine MaxL. Merr.) relay intercropping provides a way to enhance land productivity. However, the late-planted soybean suffers from maize shade. After maize harvest, how the recovery growth influences the leaf and nodule traits are still unclear. A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of genotypes, i.e., supernodulating (nts1007), nandou-12 (ND12), and guixia-3 (GX3), and crop configurations, i.e., the interspecific row spacing of 45 (I45), 60 (I60), 75 cm (I75), and sole soybean (SS), on soybean recovery growth and N fixation. Results showed that intercropping declining soybean total leaf area (LA) by reducing both the leaf number (LA) and leaf unit area (LUA) and reducing nodule dry weight (NW) by decreasing both the nodule number (NN) and nodule diameter (ND) compared with the SS. The correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated a covariability of the leaf and nodule traits in response to the genotypes and crop configuration interactions. During the recovery growth stages, the compensatory growth promoted soybean growth to shrink the gap of leaf and nodule traits between intercropping and SS. The relative growth rate of ureide (RGR_U) and nitrogen (RGR_N) accumulation was higher in intercropping than in SS. The intercropping obtained more significant sucrose and starch contents compared with SS. ND12 and GX3 showed more robust compensation growth than nts1007in intercropping. Although the recovery growth of relay intercropping soybean improved biomass and nitrogen accumulation, the ND12 gained a more significant partial land equivalent ratio (pLER) than the GX3. The I60 treatment achieves a more robust compensation effect on biomass and N accumulation than the other configurations. Meanwhile, the I60 obtained a higher nodule sucrose content and a greater shoot ureide and N accumulation than SS. Finally, intercropping ND12 with maize by practicing an interspecific row spacing of 60 cm was optimal for yield advantage and N accumulation.

This paper combines customer satisfaction theory and the "student-centered" student management concept, then constructs a college student management satisfaction assessment model. In addition, we conduct questionnaire survey based on the design "The college student management satisfaction questionnaire ". Each service satisfaction index will be calculated after analyzing the received data statistically. The investigation and analysis show: the research on the college student management is feasible for evaluating the services in the administration.

Motivated by the risk inherent in intraday investing, we propose several ways of quantifying extremal behavior of a time series of curves. A curve can be extreme if it has shape and/or magnitude much different than the bulk of observed curves. Our approach is at the nexus of functional data analysis and extreme value theory. The risk measures we propose allow us to assess probabilities of observing extreme curves not seen in a historical record. These measures complement risk measures based on point-to-point returns, but have different interpretation and information content. Using our approach, we study how the financial crisis of 2008 impacted the extreme behavior of intraday cumulative return curves. We discover different impacts on shares in important sectors of the US economy. The information our analysis provides is in some cases different from the conclusions based on the extreme value analysis of daily closing price returns.