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For wavelength interrogation based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, refractive index (RI) resolution is an important parameter to evaluate the performance of the system. In this paper, we explore the influence of spectral power distribution on the refractive index (RI) resolution of the SPR system by simulating the reflectivity curve corresponding to the different incident angles of the classical Kretschmann structure and several different spectral power distribution curves. A wavelength interrogation based SPR system is built, and commercial micro-spectrometers (USB2000 and USB4000) are used as the detection components, respectively. The RI resolutions of the SPR system in these two cases are measured, respectively. Both theoretical and experimental results show that the spectral power distribution has a significant effect on the RI resolution of the SPR system.