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In recent years, the utilization of medical devices has gradually increased and implantation procedures have become common treatments. However, patients are susceptible to the risk of implant infections. This study utilized chemical grafting to immobilize polyethylenimine (QPEI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the surface of the mesh to improve biocompatibility while being able to achieve antifouling antimicrobial effects. From the in vitrotesting, PP–PDA-Q-HA exhibited a high antibacterial ratio of 93% against S. aureus, 93% against E. coli, and 85% against C. albicans. In addition, after five rounds of antimicrobial testing, the coating continued to exhibit excellent antimicrobial properties; PP–PDA-Q-HA also inhibits the formation of bacterial biofilms. In addition, PP–PDA-Q-HA has good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. In vivostudies in animal implantation infection models also demonstrated the excellent antimicrobial properties of PP–PDA-Q-HA. Our study provides a promising strategy for the development of antimicrobial surface medical materials with excellent biocompatibility.

In this work, it is demonstrated that the normal degradation of positive threshold voltage ( ${V}_{\text {TH}}{)}$ shift of flexible low-temperature poly-Si (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) during bending stress, which increases with bending cycles, as well as a similar degradation occurring spontaneously after the removal of mechanical stress, which depends on the idle time, can be unified as the same extrinsic phenomenon. This extrinsic degradation originates from the air ambient and depends on the operation lifetime, including both stress time and idle time. It is in contrast to the intrinsic degradation of negative ${V}_{\text {TH}}$ shift that occurs under the same bending stress but in a vacuum or an inert condition. A degradation model is proposed, which includes both extrinsic and intrinsic degradation.

Operation of flexible electronic devices is often limited by their degradation and failure under dynamic mechanical stress, where the loading frequency ( ${f}$ ) is found to be a critical factor in this study. The effect of ${f}$ on device degradation and failure of flexible amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) under dynamic stretch stress is investigated in a ${f}$ range of 0.7 to 2.7 Hz. The TFTs exhibit strong ${f}$ -dependent degradation and failure behaviors, featuring larger degradation in off-state current due to mechanical-stress-induced nanocracks originated from the GI/channel interface, as well as more frequent metal wire crack at higher ${f}\text{s}$ . Such a strong ${f}$ -dependency on flexible TFTs in micro-/nano- scales distinguishes it from all previous observations of the opposite or nil ${f}$ -dependency of the fatigue life of conventional bulk or thick-film materials under mechanical stress.

The effect of loading frequency ( ${f}{)}$ on device degradation and failure of flexible low-temperature poly-Si (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) under dynamic mechanical stress is investigated systematically in an ${f}$ range of 1.0–2.0 Hz. The TFTs exhibit strong ${f}$ -dependent degradation and failure behaviors, featuring larger degradation in the threshold voltage and ON-state current, as well as more frequent gate insulator (GI) damage at higher ${f}\text{s}$ . Strong power-law dependences on ${f}$ of the degradation and failure rate are repeatedly observed for four independent degradation/failure mechanisms. It is attributed to the ${f}$ -dependent generation of nano-scaled cracks within the active regions of TFTs, the thicknesses of which are in nanoscales. Such a new observation of strong ${f}$ -dependency on flexible TFTs in micro-/nano-scales distinguishes it from all previous observations of the opposite or nil ${f}$ -dependency of the fatigue life of conventional bulk or thick-film materials under mechanical stress.

Crystallization-induced microscopic stress and its relaxation play a vital role in understanding crystallization behavior and mechanism. However, the real-time measurements for stress and its relaxation seem to be an unachievable task due to difficulties in simultaneous labeling, spatiotemporal discrimination, and continuous quantification. We designed a micron-sized fluorescent probe, whose fluorescence can respond to stress-induced environmental rigidity and whose three-dimensional (3D) flow can respond to stress relaxation. Using the as-prepared fluorescent probe, we established a versatile strategy to realize the real-time 3D imaging of stress and its relaxation in the crystallization process. The rigidity-responsive fluorescence clearly indicated the stress, while the 3D flow movement could quantify the stress relaxation. It is revealed that stress in spherulites increased dramatically as a result of the suppression of stress relaxation in polymer melts. The developed method provides a novel avenue to simultaneously detect stress and its relaxation in various semicrystalline polymers at the single-particle level. This success would achieve the microscopic ways to guide the development of advanced crystallization-dependent materials.

It is urgently required to achieve good thermal conductivity and electrical insulation performance in polymer-based composites with the minimum incorporation of functional fillers. In this work, the selective distribution of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the segregated network of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in the epoxy vitrimer matrix was achieved by compression molding, in which interfacial welding was enabled by small-molecule-participated dynamic transesterification at elevated temperatures. Due to the synergistic contribution of the well-structured nanofiller network, the epoxy vitrimer composites demonstrate enhanced thermal conductivity and electrical insulation at low filler content. The composite containing 1 wt % of MWCNTs and 8 wt % of h-BN shows thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of 0.83 W/(m·K) and 1.92 × 1011Ω·cm, respectively. The electrical resistivity can be further improved by increasing the segregated h-BN content. This method provides a novel way to prepare cost-effective polymer composites with excellent thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.

The last 50 years have witnessed ecolinguistics come into bloom as a mature domain. This paper aims to examine the half-century development of ecolinguistics by reviewing its backgrounds, definitions, strands, and approaches, and also briefly previewing its future horizons. The birth of ecolinguistics can be attributed to such ecological necessities as the ecological crisis as an essential root, and an ecological perspective for linguistics as a linguistic necessity, together with six ecolinguistic turns in this domain (Section 2). Since the emergence of ecolinguistics in the 1970s, various definitions for ecolinguistics as an evolving concept have come into being, involving the geographical, conceptual, disciplinary, methodological, and practical sides (Section 3). Figures who have contributed to the development of this domain can be divided into old strands like Haugenian and Hallidayan ecolinguistics, as well as new strands such as strong ecolinguistics and the latest radical embodied ecolinguistics (Section 4). Given the diverse definitions and strands, a set of approaches have taken shape, ranging from the Haugenian approach to ecological discourse analysis (Section 5). Due to major problems found in reviewing four parts of ecolinguistics, it is high time three shifts in perspective be put into effect in ecolinguistics that can promise its future horizons.

Here, we propose a double-face copper-cladded meta-hologram that can efficiently manipulate the amplitude of electromagnetic waves in both transmission and reflection spaces, depending on the polarization state of the incident electromagnetic wave. The proposed meta-hologram is validated by encoding the transmission–reflection amplitude information of two independent images into a single metasurface. The holographic images obtained from measurements agree qualitatively with simulation results. The proposed metasurface presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme for electromagnetic wavefront control in the whole space and overcomes the limitations of narrow frequency band operation.

Intracellular pH homeostasis is essential for the survival and function of biological cells. Negatively charged molecular probes, such as pyranine (HPTS), tend to exhibit poor salt tolerance and unsatisfactory cell permeability, limiting their widespread use in intracellular assays. Herein, we explored a charge neutralization strategy using multicharged cationic nanocarriers for an efficient and stable assembly with the pH-sensitive HPTS. Through immobilization and neutralization with poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-stabilized red-emitting gold nanoclusters (PAH-AuNCs), the resulting nanoprobes (HPTS-PAH-AuNCs) offered improved salt tolerance, satisfactory cell permeability, and dual-emission properties. The fluorescence ratio exhibited a linear response over the pH range of 3.0–9.0. Moreover, the proposed HPTS-PAH-AuNCs were successfully applied to determine and visualize lysosomal pH variations in living cells, which indicated great potential for biosensing and bioimaging applications in living systems. Benefiting from the charge neutralization strategy, various types of probes can be expected to achieve broader analytical applications.

Byline: Wenjuan. Zhou, Xiangcheng. Yang, Yunyun. Dai, Qihui. Wu, Guoping. He, Gang. Yin Objective: To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of cervical cancer survivors in China. Methods: Cervical cancer [...]

This research presents a method to solve the problem of poor durability of cement pavement caused by long-term use of deicing salt as well as improve the salt-frost resistance of self-developed super-hydrophobic material used for cement concrete pavement. The specimens of super-hydrophobic pavement cement concrete (SPCC) are prepared under laboratory conditions. The ability of the SPCC specimens to resist the salt freezing for three kinds of deicing salts is investigated. Through the salt-frost resistance test (slow freezing method), when the rates of salt freezing are 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 times respectively higher than the ordinary rate, the mass loss rate and compressive strength loss rate of the specimens are calculated, and the surface erosion condition of the specimens is observed. The surface morphology and microstructure of the SPCC specimens are analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the compressive strength loss rate of the SPCC specimens is only about 40% that of ordinary pavement cement concrete (OPCC) specimens under the same conditions, and that the super-hydrophobic material can significantly improve the salt-frost resistance of the SPCC specimens. The crystal structures of the SPCC specimens are the same as those of the OPCC specimens. The micro-nano second-class rough structure formed by the self-developed super-hydrophobic material is the key to improving the salt-frost resistance of the SPCC specimens. The research results demonstrate that applying super-hydrophobic concrete to roadways in cold regions can improve the salt-frost resistance of SPCC.

High-efficiency chemiluminescence (CL) resonance energy transfer (CRET) can be obtained by shortening the donor–acceptor distance and/or improving the luminescence efficiency of CRET acceptors. However, careful design and stringent experimental conditions are usually required for the ordered assembly of CRET acceptors on support materials to avoid aggregation-caused quenching problems. In this work, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active fluorophore was disorderly adsorbed on the surface of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), which could exhibit high-efficiency luminescence. On the other hand, the positively charged LDHs can further adsorb peroxynitrite (ONOO–) on the surface of LDHs. Therefore, the LDH-supported AIE fluorophore could dramatically amplify weak CL signals from ONOO–donors as a result of ultra-high CRET efficiency by coupling the shorter donor–acceptor distance with efficient CRET acceptors. The proposed CL system has been successfully applied for the detection of NaNO2in the concentration range from 1.0 to 100 μM with a detection limit as low as 0.5 μM. Satisfactory recoveries (98–106%) and good accuracy were achieved for sausage samples. Our success will open new avenues for the convenient design of high-efficiency CRET systems.

The evaluation of individual variability in endogenous drugs’ metabolism and disposition is a very challenging task. We developed and validated a metabotype to pharmacokinetics (PK) matching approach by taking cholic acid as an example to predict the individualized PK of endogenous drugs. The stable isotope-labeled cholic acid was selected as the substitute analyte of cholic acid to ensure the accurate measurement of blood concentration. First, large-scale metabolite profiling studies were performed on the predose urine samples of 28 rats. Then, to examine the individualized PK of deuterium 4-cholic acid (d4-cholic acid) in these rats, we determined its plasma concentrations and calculated the differential AUC values. Subsequently, we conducted a two-stage partial least-squares analysis in which 31 baseline metabolites were screened initially for predicting the individualized AUC values of d4-cholic acid using the data of predose urine metabolites. Finally, network biology analysis was applied to give the biological interpretation of the individual variances in cholic acid metabolism and disposition, and the result further narrowed the selection of baseline metabolites from 31 to 2 (sarcosine and S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine) for such prediction. Collectively, this pharmacometabolomics research provided a new strategy for predicting individualized PK of endogenous drugs.

ABSTRACTBoth microRNAs (miRs) and dexmedetomidine (Dex) have been verified to exert functional roles in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Given that, we concretely aim to discuss the effects of Dex and miR-138-5p on ventricular remodeling in mice affected by MI/RI via mediating leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (Ltb4r1). MI/RI mouse model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. The cardiac function, inflammatory factors and collagen fiber contents were detected after Dex/miR-138-5p/Ltb4r1 treatment. MiR-138-5p and Ltb4r1 expression in myocardial tissues were tested by RT-qPCR and western blot assay. The target relationship between miR-138-5p and Ltb4r1 was verified by online software prediction and luciferase activity assay. MiR-138-5p was down-regulated while Ltb4r1 was up-regulated in myocardial tissues of MI/RI mice. Dex improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial damage, reduced inflammatory factor contents, collagen fibers, and Ltb4r1 expression while increased miR-138-5p expression in myocardial tissues of mice with MI/RI. Restored miR-138-5p and depleted Ltb4r1 improved cardiac function, abated inflammatory factor contents, myocardial damage, and content of collagen fibers in MI/RI mice. MiR-138-5p directly targeted Ltb4r1. The work evidence that Dex could ameliorate ventricular remodeling of MI/RI mice by up-regulating miR-138-3p and down-regulating Ltb4r1. Thus, Dex and miR-138-3p/Ltb4r1 may serve as potential targets for the ventricular remodeling of MI/RI.

Blue light has been previously reported to play a salient role in the treatment of seasonal affective disorder. The present study aimed to investigate whether blue light had antidepressant effect on light-deprivation-induced depression model, and the underlying visual neural mechanism. Blue light mitigated depression-like behaviors induced by light deprivation as measured by elevated sucrose preference and reduced immobility time. Blue light enhanced melanopsin expression and light responses in the retina. We also found the upregulation of serotonin and brain derived neurotrophic factor expression in the c-fos-positive areas of rats treated with blue light compared with those maintained in darkness. The species gap between nocturnal albino (Sprague-Dawley rat) and diurnal pigmented animals (human) might have influenced extrapolating data to humans. Blue light has antidepressant effect on light-deprived Sprague-Dawley rats, which might be related to activating the serotonergic system and neurotrophic activity via the retinoraphe and retinoamygdala pathways. Blue light is the effective component of light therapy for treatment of depression.

One-pot synthesis of gold nanoparticles in aqueous phase is of special interest. We herein report a facile strategy, namely, flash nanoprecipitation (FNP), based on a multi-inlet vortex mixer for preparation of stable gold nanoparticles with a size <3 nm. A rational design of different synthesis factors including concentrations of gold salt, reduction agent, and capping ligand, as well as flashing speed, is established. Changing the terminal groups of the capping ligands hardly impacts the formation and size of gold nanoparticles, while it does introduce tunable properties, for example, a different catalytic performance on the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Therefore, the reported FNP demonstrates not only a robust method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles but also tunable functions from the capping ligands for a variety of potential applications.

To determine the mechanism of the laxative effect of rhubarb (Rheum tanguticumMaxim. ex Balf.) in rats using a combined bioinformatic and in vivoapproach.

Neddylation of the Cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) regulates the homeostasis of approximately 20% of cellular proteins. Defective in cullin neddylation 1 (DCN1), as a co-E3 ligase, interacts with UBE2M to enhance the activation of CRLs, and this interaction is emerging as a therapeutic target for human diseases. Here, we present a series of pyrimidin-based small molecular inhibitors targeting DCN1–UBE2M interaction. After finding a novel inhibitor DC-1with IC50= 1.2 μM, we performed a series of chemical optimizations, which finally led to the discovery of a potent thiazole containing 5-cyano-6-phenylpyrimidin-based inhibitor DC-2(IC50= 15 nM). Next, using protein and cellular thermal shift assays, coimmunoprecipitation, molecular docking, and site-specific mutation experiments, we further proved that DC-2specifically inhibited the interaction of UBE2M and DCN1 at molecule and cellular levels, resulting in the decrease of cullin3 neddylation and accumulation of its substrate, NRF2. Our findings indicate that DC-2may serve as a novel lead compound for specific derivatives targeting DCN1–UBE2M interaction.

Supramolecular assemblies of dendrimers, with defined structures and tunable functionalities, are promising functional materials. Here we report a ternary system (lanthanide ion/bis-ligand/PAMAM dendrimer) capable of assembling in a cooperative way by forming a complex between anionic (metal–ligand) coordination polymers and the cationic PAMAM dendrimers. In off-stoichiometric mixtures, charge-stabilized spherical nanoparticles of ∼100 nm appear; they have either negative or positive surface charges depending on what the excess component is. Introducing different trivalent lanthanide ions, Ln(III), in the coordination allows tuning both the luminescence emission spectrum and the magnetic relaxivity without affecting the assembly process or the final structure of the particles; this makes them interesting in the context of application. Moreover, the incorporated dendrimer allows us to add functional nanocargo, for example, Au nanoparticles in the cavities of these molecules, again without disturbing the assembly. In this novel way, we obtain versatile, multilevel hierarchical supramolecular dendrimer-containing assemblies with good control over their structures and functionalities. This is very difficult to achieve with conventional covalent compounds but becomes possible because of the supramolecular nature of the coordination polymers and the strong cooperative assembly.

The structural phase of micelles plays an important role in controlling the micellar performance. Despite the great developments of some advanced characterization techniques, it remains challenging to achieve fast and sensitive determination of micellar transitions in solution. Herein, a novel indicator system for micellar transitions was developed based on the micelle-mediated peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence that showed a sensitive response toward the changes of micellar morphologies. A peroxyoxalate derivative and a fluorophore were first coassembled into the hydrophobic cavities of micelles of the typical cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). A strong and rapidly falling chemiluminescence response was exhibited in spherical micelles as a result of the loose arrangement of CTAB molecules. By contrast, rodlike or wormlike micelles transformed from spherical micelles could induce a compact arrangement of CTAB molecules, leading to a weak chemiluminescence emission with a slow decay rate. The practicability and universality of the chemiluminescent indicator were demonstrated by determining the micellar transitions in a variety of surfactant solutions (ionic, nonionic, and polymeric). These findings open attractive perspectives for the practice of chemiluminescence technique in micelle characterization.

Flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) is a recent developed method featuring fast processing and simple equipment for preparing drug-carrier NPs. Herein, we prepared stable sorafenib-loaded NPs with biocompatible amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide acid) (PEG-b-PLA) as stabilizing polymer based on FNP. The formed NPs show well-controlled size and high drug loading content compared with nanoparticles from traditional antisolvent precipitation. Moreover, drug/polymer mass ratio (D/P) and stream velocity presented as Reynolds number (Re) show strong effects on particles size and internal morphology. Low D/P ratio and Renumber provide core–shell nanoparticles with drug nuclei distributed in PLA matrix, which could release the sorafenib completely but keep the polymer aggregates after the drug release. While high D/P ratio and Renumber lead to grained nanoparticles with bigger size and low packing density due to the coprecipitation of the PEG blocks in the structure. The drug release of these particles is fast and typically accompanied by the dissociation of the nanoparticles. Our study demonstrates that the particle internal morphology and solute packing density are crucial factors to manipulate the drug release of the FNP nanoparticles, and the developed strategy could be widely adopted to assess drug release of FNP nanoparticles for further therapeutic applications.

Triticum urartu(diploid, AA) is the progenitor of the A subgenome of tetraploid (Triticum turgidum, AABB) and hexaploid (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) wheat1,2. Genomic studies of T. urartuhave been useful for investigating the structure, function and evolution of polyploid wheat genomes. Here we report the generation of a high-quality genome sequence of T. urartuby combining bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-by-BAC sequencing, single molecule real-time whole-genome shotgun sequencing3, linked reads and optical mapping4,5. We assembled seven chromosome-scale pseudomolecules and identified protein-coding genes, and we suggest a model for the evolution of T. urartuchromosomes. Comparative analyses with genomes of other grasses showed gene loss and amplification in the numbers of transposable elements in the T. urartugenome. Population genomics analysis of 147 T. urartuaccessions from across the Fertile Crescent showed clustering of three groups, with differences in altitude and biostress, such as powdery mildew disease. The T. urartugenome assembly provides a valuable resource for studying genetic variation in wheat and related grasses, and promises to facilitate the discovery of genes that could be useful for wheat improvement.

Liquid crystal elastomer networks (LCEs) have found a wide range of applications due to their unusual mechanical and optical properties. The introduction of dynamic covalent bonds with their possibilities for network renewal opens up further opportunities. Elastomeric vitrimer epoxies (EV, m-EV, and vLCE) were synthesized with increased liquid crystal mesogens (LCM), in which the rheological properties vary with the fraction of LCM in the backbone. Differing from EV and m-EV, the distinctive contributions arising from the smectic structure in the vLCE were manifested in several viscoelastic responses. The underlying mechanisms were discussed for the first time. The smectic-isotropic transition of LCM is expressed, and the residual partially ordered structure in vLCEs contributes to the relatively high storage modulus in heating scans and seems to be the cause of thermal memory effects in the closed-loop cooling and heating experiment. Time–temperature superposition (tTS) is applicable to the EV and m-EV. vLCE becomes─thermorheologically complex in the vicinity of the order–disorder transition temperature of LCM domains. The temperature dependence of the shift factors in tTS can be divided into two regions, showing Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF)-type at lower temperatures and Arrhenius-type at higher temperatures. At lower temperatures, the flow activation energy (EWLF) increases in the sequence of EV, m-EV, and vLCE, reflecting the increase in backbone stiffness and its control over chain mobility. The activation energy, associated with the release of the transient cross-link from a smectic layer, also exists in vLCE. Above the LC transition temperature, a stretched exponential Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) function is introduced to quantitatively describe the network rearrangement kinetics in the stress relaxation process; a low exponent β indicates marked structural heterogeneity in vLCE. Increased LCM causes stress relaxation processes to slow down significantly in a highly elastic state. The activation energy (Ea) obtained from the Arrhenius dependence of characteristic relaxation times declines as the LCM content is increased. This could be attributed to the locally higher concentration of the ester group and catalyst in vLCE.

In this work, it was found that cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified montomorillonite (MMT) can significantly amplify chemiluminescence (CL) from the peroxynitrite system. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ζ potential measurements and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) analyses confirmed the geometrical configuration of CTAB at the surface of MMT. In addition, the enhancement mechanism of CTAB-modified MMT on the peroxynitrite CL was discussed by the CL spectrum, the scavengers of reactive oxygen species, and various controlled experiments. The results indicated that the electrostatic attraction between CTA+cations and MMT could form a CTA+monolayer at the surface of MMT, resulting in the effective removal of halide counterions in the CTAB micellar solution. Therefore, the inactivation of the halide counterion-quenched CL could generate the intense CL emissions. The success of this work has explored a novel route to the applications of clay nanocomposites in CL field.

Chemiluminescence (CL) has been employed as a novel technique to monitor the interactions between poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) at the surface of CO3-layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The CL data demonstrated that the interactions of PEG and SDBS at the LDH surfaces were dependent on the SDBS concentration, the PEG molecular weight, and the PEG concentration. Furthermore, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta-potential measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CL spectrum, and radical scavenging methods clarified the relationship between the CL intensity and the interactions of PEG with SDBS at the LDH surfaces. At low concentrations of SDBS, few interactions between PEG and SDBS took place. The aggregation of the LDH colloidal solution occurred as a result of SDBS hydrophobic tails pointed to the aqueous environment. As the concentration of SDBS increased, the PEG chains were bound onto the SDBS bilayers to reduce the electrostatic repulsion between anionic head groups of SDBS due to the structural transformation of SDBS at the surface of LDHs from monolayers to bilayers. This work would provide an attractive route to manipulate the adsorption and composition of polymer–surfactant mixtures at the particle surface by tuning the CL signals.

Vitrimer chemistry of boronic transesterification was introduced into a triblock thermoplastic elastomer to allow associative bond exchange in its highly ordered nanoscale domains. The purpose of this localized dynamic cross-linking is to enable reprocessing while also improving creep resistance. Triblock poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) was used as an elastomeric vitrimer precursor to gain understanding of fundamental structure–property effects of localized dynamical cross-linking. The occurrence of the UV-induced thiol–ene reaction was corroborated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and swelling experiments. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) profiles demonstrate a prominently lamellar morphology with domain spacings that decline with the increase of cross-linking degree. Short and long relaxation modes of triblock SBS vitrimers (vSBSs) were found to have opposite temperature dependence, which caused thermorheological complexity in linear viscoelasticity. As compared to its random analog, vSBS shows much slower stress relaxation and higher activation energy, as well as superior resistance to creep under a steady load. The enhanced rheological properties are attributed to the high concentration of localized cross-links in the soft phase and to additional constraints that hinder network strand diffusion in the microphase-separated structure. The mechanical properties of vSBSs at low strain were substantially enhanced by the associative dynamic cross-links between the soft segments, increasing the maximum stress to 7.5 MPa at 100% strain. Its Young’s modulus of 88.1 MPa is about 2.8 times that of neat SBS. Applications of vSBSs as hot-melt adhesives were explored, showing excellent lap shear strength on iron plates. Due to the dynamic exchange of boronic ester bonds, adhesive joints can efficiently rebind at least three times and the lap shear strength remains almost unchanged.

With a similar composition but different monomer sequence distributions in the copolymer backbones, two poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-poly(ethylene oxide) (PNIPAM-g-PEO) copolymers were synthesized at different temperatures of 29 and 45 °C, in the presence of which Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully prepared by in situ reduction at 25 and 41 °C, respectively. The experimental results show that both the copolymers can effectively stabilize Ag NPs, and the copolymer PNIPAM-g-PEO/45 has a better stabilizing and dispersing effect when the preparation temperature of Ag NPs is 25 °C.

A non‐Robertsonian wheat‐rye chromosome translocation was observed in pollen‐derived line WER‐I‐1 from the FI hybrid between M27 [a 1R(1D) substitution line] and ‘Chinese Spring’. Biochemical assays of high molecular weight glutenin subunits and gliadin components and Southern hybridization of dispersed rye repeat sequences pSc 119.2 and pSc 5.3H3 provided sufficient evidence that in WER‐1‐1, wheat chromosome pair ID was substituted by 1R chromosome pair. C‐banding and genomic in situ hybridization further revealed that the 1R chromosomes, present in WER‐I‐1, were abnormal in that the distal parts of their long arms were lost and translocated to the long arm ends of a pair of wheat chromosomes. The mode of origin of this transiocation is also discussed.