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Recently, effectively improving the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of electromagnetic launch (EML) systems has been one of the most pressing problems facing engineering applications in defense technology, transportation, and so on. This article offers a solution to directly increase the inductance gradient ( $L ^{\prime} $ ) to improve the efficiency of the electromagnetic reconnection launcher (EMRCL) system. First, three types of coils were fabricated, and the inductance was measured by LCR bridge meter. Next, to verify the performance of these coils, a five-stage launch platform was built, and the experiment results are consistent with the simulation models. The experimental results showed that $L ^{\prime} $ of the double-layer horizontal-winding coil could reach 251 $\mu \text{H}$ /m, which is 3.5 times that of the single-layer vertical-winding coil. The region greater than 100 $\mu \text{H}$ /m accounts for 70% of the coil length, and the efficiency is 2.5 times that of the double-layer vertical-winding coil, $\sim 1.21$ % with a payload of 11.5 kg. This indicates that the winding method with an improved $L ^{\prime} $ may meet the lower current and higher efficiency requirements of the EMRCL system.

The armature of the electromagnetic reconnection launcher (EMRCL) plays a key role in accelerating large-mass loads, which have attracted extensive attention in past years. In this article, the effects of the armature thickness, length, and width on the performance of the EMRCL are analyzed for designing a high-strength and high-efficiency armature. First, according to the deformation and Von Mises’ stress distribution of the armature in the electromagnetic structure field, the armature thickness should be six times the skin depth. Then, the orthogonal experiment method results demonstrate that the armature speed tends to a saturated value with increasing length and width. Finally, a three-stage EMRCL platform with a load of 10 kg was constructed to verify the accuracy of the simulation results of three armatures with different lengths and widths. The experimental results show that the speed of 80 $\times120$ mm2 armature can reach 11.26 m/s, which is a significant increase of 23 times than the 40 $\times120$ mm2 armature and is consistent with the simulation results. It indicates that the optimal armature length is 1.2 times the coil length, and the optimal width is 1.3 times the coil width. This research provides a valuable reference for the armature design of EMRCL.

To meet the massive and emergent logistics demand, learning from Europe and the USA, a cooperation mechanism can form a gathered and scaled logistics park network. Based on the current practice in China, the logistics Cloud platform makes the cooperation from a horizontal perspective possible. A tripartite evolutionary game model consisting of one logistics Cloud platform and two digital logistics parks is proposed. The platform has strategy {compensating, no compensating}, and the parks have strategy {sharing, no sharing}. The revenue function of each party is constructed, applying dynamic replication function based on stag hunt game; all equilibrium points are found. With Jacobi matrix, two asymptotically stable strategies are formed. The study shows that the three game players either choose sharing/compensating or no sharing/no compensating strategy. The strategy is affected by the sharing/compensating probability, the compensation and opportunity cost, and the order loss. The managerial insights are also discussed.

ABSTRACTThe pathogenicity of Escherichia coli (E. coli)O157:H7 is predominantly associated with Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) that poses a huge threat to human and animal intestinal health. Production of Stx2 requires expression of stx2gene, which is located in the genome of lambdoid Stx2 prophage. Growing evidence has implicated that many commonly consumed foods participate in the regulation of prophage induction. In this study, we aimed to explore whether specific dietary functional sugars could inhibit Stx2 prophage induction in E. coliO157:H7, thereby preventing Stx2 production and promoting intestinal health. We demonstrated that Stx2 prophage induction in E. coliO157:H7 was strongly inhibited by L-arabinose both invitroand in a mouse model. Mechanistically, L-arabinose at doses of 9, 12, or 15 mM diminished RecA protein levels, a master mediator of the SOS response, contributing to reduced Stx2-converting phage induction. L-Arabinose inhibited quorum sensing and oxidative stress response, which are known as positive regulators of the SOS response and subsequent Stx2 phage production. Furthermore, L-arabinose impaired E. coliO157:H7 arginine transport and metabolism that were involved in producing Stx2 phage. Collectively, our results suggest that L-arabinose may be exploited as a novel Stx2 prophage induction inhibitor against E. coliO157:H7 infection.

This study was conducted to determine the DE, ME, and apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in different wheat cultivars fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred growing barrows were allotted to a replicated 6 × 6 Latin square design to determine the DE and ME contents of 12 different wheat cultivars. In Exp. 2, twelve growing barrows with a simple T-cannula were used to determine the AID and SID of AA in 10 different wheat cultivars. Pigs were randomly allotted to a replicated 6 × 6 Latin square design and fed one nitrogen-free diet and 10 different cultivars of wheat diets. Among different wheat cultivars, the concentrations of GE, CP, NDF, ADF, and starch ranged from 4,385 to 4,458 kcal/kg, 12.95% to 18.14%, 9.16% to 13.89%, 1.93% to 2.92% and 60.81% to 70.77%, respectively (DM basis). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the DE, ME values, and the ATTD of GE in 12 different cultivars of wheat in Exp. 1. The DE and ME contents and the ATTD of GE ranged (P < 0.05) from 3,922 to 4,067 kcal/kg DM, 3,759 to 3,941 kcal/kg DM and 88.14% to 90.31%, respectively. The best prediction equations of DE and ME for different cultivars of wheat cultivars were DE = -2,738 - (40.8 × % ADF) + (1.7 × GE) - (51.5 × % Xylans) - (95.7 × % Ash) + (22.3 × % EE), R2 = 0.98, and ME = -2,990 + (1.7 × GE) - (50.2 × % Xylans) - (87.6 × % Ash), R2 = 0.88, respectively. There were also differences (P < 0.05) in the AID and SID of CP and indispensable AA, expect for His, in 10 wheat cultivars in Exp. 2. The AID and SID of CP, Lys, and Met ranged (P < 0.05) from 82.02% to 89.46%, 74.13% to 84.73%, 87.35% to 92.49% and 87.56% to 94.04%, 80.56% to 89.89%, 89.56% to 94.45%, respectively. In conclusion, the chemical composition, energy contents, and most AA digestibility in different cultivars of wheat varied widely.

The traditional manufacturing industry has low utilization rate of resources, in order to reduce the pressure it brings to environmental sustainable development. To explore the application of carbon benefit in improving resource efficiency level. This paper starts from the perspective of product feature design, and develops a carbon benefit model of feature design scheme from the perspectives of time carbon benefit and economic carbon benefit under the consideration of carbon emission. Taking traditional sand casting as a case, this paper analyzes the function of holes in process design and the carbon benefit of different hole-making schemes. It is better to adopt hole-making scheme of machine under the condition of producing single or a few castings, economic carbon benefit is 0.011 yuan/kgCO2higher. When produced in large volume, the economic carbon benefit of the sand core hole-making scheme is better, and the impact on environment can be reduced by 0.317 kgCO2/h. In this paper, carbon emission and resource utilization in the subsequent production process are controlled in the product design stage, so as to improve the resource level and efficiency of traditional manufacturing industry. By improving the feature design scheme, enterprises can design feasible energy saving and emission reduction scheme.

The process allows the preparation of the target compounds with high chemo‐ and regioselectivities.

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