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Despite the excellent properties of single-crystalline ordered macro-microporous MOFs (SOM-MOFs) compared to conventional MOFs, their further development has been hindered by the lack of versatile and high-yielding preparation protocols. This study introduces an innovative universal fabrication method that can easily solve the two major challenges of precursor stabilization and crystallization modulation, enabling the efficient synthesis of various SOM-MOFs with high yields. Notably, our approach has successfully yielded SOM-MIL-88A, a novel MOF showcasing exceptional stability in both water and acidic solutions, a remarkable achievement unprecedented in prior SOM-MOF research. SOM-MIL-88A has demonstrated exponentially improved performance over conventional MIL-88A in adsorption, catalysis, immobilized enzymes, and composite biosensing. Furthermore, our versatile protocol has been successfully applied to synthesize SOM-HKUST-1 and SOM-ZIF-8, resulting in significantly improved yields (increase by about 10-fold and 2-fold, respectively, compared to the previously reported protocol). This groundbreaking achievement marks a pivotal advancement in the preparation of diverse SOM-MOFs with tailored properties, presenting exciting prospects for future research on MOFs.

AbstractIn recent years, China has actively participated in port construction and development in the Gulf and East Africa. China’s investment and construction of ports in this region demonstrates the mutually beneficial cooperation between China and the host countries, serves the regional development and the overall interests of China-Arab and China-Africa cooperation, and reflects the characteristics of letting one case guide a whole area. China’s investment in port construction is faced with the risks of port politicisation and security problems brought about by the geopolitical game of world major powers. It is necessary for China to take the Western Indian Ocean region as a whole, to attach importance to the coordination and cooperation between the Gulf and East Africa in terms of geo-economy, channel route security and port construction layout, and pay attention to reducing the risks of port politicisation and security.

Orthorhombic (space group: Pnma) Nb2P5is a high-pressure phase that is quenchable to ambient pressure, which could be viewed as zigzag P∞chain-inserted NbP2. We report herein the high-pressure crystal growth of Nb2P5and the discovery of its superconducting transition at Tc∼ 2.6 K. The electrical resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat capacity measurements on the high-quality crystal unveiled a conventional type-II weakly coupled s-wave nature of the superconductivity, with the upper critical field Hc2(0) ∼ 0.5 T, the electron–phonon coupling strength λep∼ 0.5–0.8, and the Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ ∼ 100. The ab initiocalculations on the electronic band structure unveiled nodal-line structures protected by different symmetries. The one caused by band inversion, for example, on the Γ–X and U–R paths of the Brillouin zone, likely could bring nontrivial topology and hence a possible nontrivial surface state on the surface. The surface states on the (100), (010), and (110) surfaces were also calculated and discussed. The discovery of the phosphorus-rich Nb2P5superconductor would be instructive for the design of more metal phosphide superconductors, which might host unconventional superconductivity or potential technical applications.

Urban big data include various types of datasets, such as air quality data, meteorological data, and weather forecast data. Air quality index is broadly used in many countries as an indicator to measure the air pollution status. This indicator has a great impact on outdoor activities of urban residents, such as long-distance cycling, running, jogging, and walking. However, for routes planning for outdoor activities, there is still a lack of comprehensive consideration of air quality. In this paper, an air quality index prediction model (namely airQP-DNN) and its application are proposed to address the issue. This paper primarily consists of two components. The first component is to predict the future air quality index based on a deep neural network, using historical air quality datasets, current meteorological datasets, and weather forecasting datasets. The second component refers to a case study of outdoor activities routes planning in Beijing, which can help plan the routes for outdoor activities based on the airQP-DNN model, and allow users to enter the origin and destination of the route for the optimized path with the minimum accumulated air quality index. The air quality monitoring datasets of Beijing and surrounding cities from April 2014 to April 2015 (over 758,000 records) are used to verify the proposed airQP-DNN model. The experimental results explicitly demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms other commonly used methods in terms of prediction accuracy, including autoregressive integrated moving average model, gradient boosted decision tree, and long short-term memory. Based on the airQP-DNN model, the case study of outdoor activities routes planning is implemented. When the origin and destination are specified, the optimized paths with the minimum accumulated air quality index would be provided, instead of the standard static Dijkstra shortest path. In addition, a Web-GIS-based prototype has also been successfully developed to support the implementation of our proposed model in this research. The success of our study not only demonstrates the value of the proposed airQP-DNN model, but also shows the potential of our model in other possible extended applications.

Massive secretion of glucocorticoids or excessive use of dexamethasone (Dex) can cause oxidative stress and negatively affect the health status of animals. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the use of Lactobacillus (LAB) or/and carnosine (CAR) can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity of the liver and kidneys of normal or dexamethasone-induced stress mice and its potential mechanisms. 48 ICR mice were randomly divided into eight groups: Control, LAB, CAR, LAB + CAR, Dex, Dex + LAB, Dex + CAR, and Dex + LAB + CAR. The results indicated that carnosine and Lactobacillus rhamnosus had a complementary effect on antioxidant stress. The combination of the two could better improve the increased serum ALT activity and CRE content, increased liver index, decreased kidney index, and changes in liver and kidney tissue morphology induced by dexamethasone in mice. Part of the involved mechanisms were: Carnosine combined with Lactobacillus rhamnosus promoted the expressions of downstream antioxidant genes SOD1, SOD2, GSH-Px1, and HO-1 by increasing Nrf2 expression in liver and kidney tissues. It also increased the contents of activated antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and HO-1, thereby reducing ROS and MDA levels and alleviating liver and kidney oxidative damage caused by dexamethasone.

Hydrogen-steam gas mixture may be injected into containment with flow regime varying both spatially and transiently due to wall effect and pressure difference between primary loop and containment in severe accidents induced by loss of coolant accident. Preliminary CFD analysis is conducted to gain information about the helium flow regime transition process from jet to buoyancy plume for forthcoming experimental study. Physical models of impinging jet and wall condensation are validated using separated effect experimental data, firstly. Then helium transportation is analyzed with the effect of jet momentum, buoyancy and wall cooling discussed. Result shows that helium distribution is totally dominated by impinging jet in the beginning, high concentration appears near gas source and wall where jet momentum is strong. With the jet weakening, stable light gas layer without recirculating eddy is established by buoyancy. Transient reversed helium distribution appears due to natural convection resulted from wall cooling, which delays the stratification. It is necessary to concern about hydrogen accumulation in lower space under the containment external cooling strategy. From the perspective of experiment design, measurement point should be set at the height of connecting pipe and near the wall for stratification stability criterion and impinging jet modelling validation.

Layered transition-metal trichalcogenides have become one of the research frontiers as two-dimensional magnets and candidate materials used for phase-change memory devices. Herein we report the high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements on Cr2Ge2Te6(CGT) single crystal by using diamond anvil cell techniques, which reveal a mixture of crystalline-to-crystalline and crystalline-to-amorphous transitions taking place concurrently at 18.3–29.2 GPa. The polymorphic transition could be interpreted by atomic layer reconstruction, and the amorphization could be understood in connection with randomly flipping atoms into van der Waals gaps. The amorphous (AM) phase is quenchable to ambient conditions. The electrical resistance of CGT shows a bouncing point at ∼18 GPa, consistent with the polymorphism phase transition. Interestingly, the high-pressure AM phase exhibits metallic resistance with the magnitude comparable to that of high-pressure crystalline phases, whereas the resistance of the AM phase at ambient pressure fails to exceed that of the crystalline phase, indicating that the AM phase of CGT appearing under high pressure is quite unique, and similar behavior has never been observed in other phase-change materials. The results definitely would have significant implications for the design of new functional materials.

AbstractThis article focuses on the security cooperation between China and Turkey and the impact of the ‘Belt and Road’ and the ‘Middle Corridor’ Initiatives on bilateral cooperation. The ‘Belt and Road’ Initiative and Turkey’s ‘Middle Corridor’ Initiative have promoted economic cooperation and enhanced communication and mutual understanding between the two countries. We examine this cooperation from a security perspective; with deep analysis on security cooperation between China and Turkey published by the governments, academia and social media, the impact of the ‘Belt and Road’ and ‘Middle Corridor’ Initiatives on the growing bilateral relationship has been clearly highlighted. Additionally, this article focuses on the challenges of bilateral security and counter-terrorism cooperation, and the positive impact of security cooperation on Sino-Turkish relations in the wake of the ‘Belt and Road’ and the ‘Middle Corridor’ initiatives. This article shows that economic cooperation has a significant impact on security cooperation and the ‘Belt and Road’ and the ‘Middle Corridor’ Initiatives may build closer ties between the two countries.

A large fraction of celestial objects exhibit point shapes in CCD images, such as stars and QSOs, which contain less information due to their few pixels. Point source classification based solely on image data may lead to low accuracy. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Multi-modal Transfer Learning-based classification method for celestial objects with point shape images. Considering that spectral data possess rich features and that there is a correlation between spectral data and image data, the proposed approach fully utilizes the knowledge gained from celestial spectral data and transfers it to the original image-based classification, enhancing the accuracy of classifying stars and QSOs. Initially, a one-dimensional residual network is employed to extract a 128-dimensional spectral feature vector from the original 3700-dimensional spectral data. This spectral feature vector captures important features of the celestial object. The Generative Adversarial Network is then utilized to generate a simulated spectral vector of 128 dimensions, which corresponds to the celestial object image. By generating simulated spectral vectors, data from two modals (spectral and image) for the same celestial object are available, enriching the input features of the model. In the upcoming multimodal classification model, we only require the images of celestial objects along with their corresponding simulated spectral data, and we no longer need real spectral data. With the assistance of spectral data, the proposed method alleviates the above disadvantages of the original image-based classification method. Remarkably, our method has improved the F1-score from 0.93 to 0.9777, while reducing the error rate in classification by 40%. These enhancements significantly increase the classification accuracy of stars and QSOs, providing strong support for the classification of celestial point sources.

The taxonomy of galaxy morphology plays an important role in astrophysics and provides great help for the study of galaxy evolution. To integrate the advantages of unsupervised learning without labels and supervised learning with high classification accuracy, this paper proposes a galaxy morphology classification model based on a momentum contrastive learning algorithm named Momentum Contrastive Learning Galaxy (MCL-Galaxy), which mainly includes two parts (i) pre-training of the model, where the ResNet_50 backbone network acts as an encoder to learn the galaxy morphology image features, which are stored in the queue and their consistency is ensured by using the momentum contrastive learning algorithm; and (ii) transfer learning, where Mahalanobis distance can assist in improving classification accuracy in downstream tasks where both encoder and queue are transferred. To evaluate the performance of MCL-Galaxy, we use the data set of the Galaxy Zoo challenge project on Kaggle for comparative testing. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of MCL-Galaxy can reach 90.12%, which is 8.12% higher than the unsupervised state-of-the-art results. Although it is 3.1% lower than the advanced supervised method, it has the advantage of no label and can achieve a higher accuracy rate at the first epoch of classification iteration. This suggests that the gap between unsupervised and supervised representation learning in the field of Galaxy Morphologies classification tasks is well bridged.

Our previous study found that the adsorption performance of porous carbon for Gd(III) could be significantly improved by increasing the N, and O functional groups on its surface. Unfortunately, the adsorption capacity of porous carbon is low due to the limited number of N, and O functional groups that can be loaded on its surface. Due to the advantage of customizable functional groups of porous organic polymers (POPs), the triazine-based Tb-MEL and hydroxyl-modified triazine-based Tp-MEL were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using nitrogen-rich melamine as the raw material and triformylbenzene (Tb) and 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp), respectively. The Gd(III) adsorption isotherms and kinetic curves of Tb-MEL, and Tp-MEL at pH = 6 and T = 25 °C are in high agreement with the Langmuir isotherm (R2>0.998) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2>0.993), respectively. The fitted maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) is about 136.05 mg/g, much higher than 58.38 mg/g of Tb-MEL. The adsorption efficiency for Gd(III) at pH = 7 is close to 100%, and Tp-MEL maintains 62.4% of the initial adsorption capacity after ten cycles of sorption/desorption of Gd(III), with an average elution efficiency of more than 90%. Adsorption selection performance tests show that Tp-MEL has good adsorption selectivity for HREE ions, and the selectivity is as follows: Lu3+>Y3+>Gd3+>Nd3+>La3+>Al3+>Ca2+>Mg2+. Batch adsorption, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) tests show that hydroxyl modifications lose the specific surface area of the polymer, and the functional groups contribute more to the adsorption performance than the specific surface area.

Abstract:The Middle East Region has been suffering serious economic difficulties and the governance deficit for a long time, which demands a global response. In this new era, China has become an important actor in the progression of the Middle East economic governance; the contents of China’s participation in the Middle East economic governance include energy, trade, investment, finance and developmental governance. Participation of China to the Middle East economic governance has improved economic climate and the terms of trade for the Middle Eastern countries, and enhanced their sustainable development ability, and also responded to the criticism from the Western countries accusing China of being a free rider with real actions. Compared to the Western countries, China’s participation to the Middle East economic governance exhibits its own characteristics in governance goals, ability, path, regime, contents and governance styles. “The Belt and Road” Initiative marks China’s participation in the Middle East economic governance enters new level. The depth and result of China’s participation in the Middle East economic governance are affected by various factors.

To evaluate the safety and clinical application of a computer-aided surgery system (CAS) combined with high-frequency bronchial ventilation in 2-port thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy. A total of 301 patients who underwent 2-port thoracoscopic segmentectomy between January 1, 2019 and March 1, 2022 in the 960th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army and the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Zibo Municipal Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The experimental and control groups were created according to the different methods of appearing the intersegmental plane of the lung. The experimental group comprised 152 patients who underwent CAS reconstruction combined with high-frequency ventilation, and the control group comprised 149 patients who underwent CAS reconstruction combined with expansion collapse. The characteristics of the patients, including age, sex, smoking history, forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity, Maximal ventilation, diameter of pulmonary nodules, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, drainage tube removal time, length of hospital stay after extubation, postoperative complication rate, operation time and appearance time of the intersegmental plane, were compared between the 2 groups. All patients completed the operation between high-frequency bronchial ventilation and expansion collapse group. There was no significant difference in Forced expiratory volume in 1 second/Forced vital capacity [(101.05 ± 11.86) vs (101.86 ± 11.61)], maximum expiratory volume [(86.36 ± 17.59 L) vs (85.28 ± 17.68 L)], the diameter of lung nodules [(13.61 ± 3.51 cm) vs (13.21 ± 3.41 cm)], intraoperative blood loss [(47.50 ± 45.90 mL) vs (48.49 ± 34.65 mL)], postoperative drainage volume [(425.16 ± 221.61 mL) vs (444.70 ± 243.72 mL)], drainage tube removal time [(3.88 ± 1.85 days) vs (3.43 ± 1.81 days)], or postoperative hospital stay [(6.07 ± 2.14 days) vs (5.82 ± 1.88 days) between the experimental group and the control group (P > .05)]. There were significant differences in operation time [(95.05 ± 26.85 min) vs (117.85 ± 31.70 min), P = .017] and intersegmental plane appearance time [(2.37 ± 1.03 min) vs (14.20 ± 3.23 min), P < .001]. High-frequency bronchial ventilation is safe and feasible when used in quickly and accurately identifying the intersegmental plane and is worthy of clinical application in 2-port thoracoscopic segmentectomy.

In this study, the start of partial nitrification (activated sludge)-anaerobic ammonia oxidation (immobilized fillers)-denitrification (immobilized fillers) and stable nitrogen removal in the treatment of rare earth element tailings wastewater were explored. The results showed that, at 25–30 °C, partial nitrification could be rapidly established by controlling the combination of average free ammonia concentration (25.4–60.2 mg/L) and dissolved oxygen concentration (0.5 mg/L). Adopting the stepwise substrate (three stages) and shortening hydraulic retention time (HRT) methods, the total nitrogen removal rate of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) immobilized fillers reached up to 0.99 kg N•(m3•d)−1. Adopting the C/N ratio of 4.5:1 and shorter HRT methods, the total nitrogen removal rate of denitrification immobilized fillers reached up to 1.07 kg N•(m3•d)−1. The activities of the anammox and denitrification immobilized fillers were increased by 8.39 and 4.46 times, respectively. At steady state operation, the average effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration was 3.01 mg/L, with an average effluent total nitrogen concentration of 5.11 mg/L, which met the requirements of the "Emission Standard for Pollutants from Rare Earth Industry" GB 26451–2011. High-throughput sequencing technology showed that the relative abundance ratios of Nitrosomonasand Nitrospirachanged from 0.36:1–108.05:1. The dominant bacterial genera of the anammox immobilized fillers was Candidatus Kuenenia, and that of denitrification immobilized fillers were Pseudomonasand Thauera. This process provides a new technical approach for rare earth element tailings wastewater treatment, with high significance in engineering.

We study discrete solutions of nonlinear optimal control problems. By value functions, we construct difference equations to approximate the optimal control on each interval of “small” time. We aim to find a discrete optimal feedback control. An algorithm is proposed for computing the solution of the optimal control problem.

The serum prostate specific antigen test has been widely used in the last decade as an effective screening tool for prostate cancer (CaP). However, the high false-positive rate of the serum prostate specific antigen test necessitates the development of more accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CaP. Promising diagnostic potential of serum protein patterns detected by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for CaP has recently been reported. Independent evaluation of this new technology is warranted to realize its translational utility. We determined whether serum protein profiling by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and a decision tree algorithm classification system could accurately discriminate between patients with CaP and unaffected individuals.

Background: Deletion of chromosome 16q is frequently associated with diverse tumors. Numerous studies strongly suggest the presence of one or more tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 16q22 to 16qter including the widely studied cadherin gene family. However, the specific tumor suppressor genes residing in this region need better definition and characterization. Material and Methods: Standard molecular biology approaches have been used to clone and characterize the DERPCcDNA and its protein product on chromosome 16q22.1. Northern blotting was used to define the expression pattern in a multiple human tissue blots. DERPCexpression was examined in multi-tumor array (Clontech, CA, USA) dot blot as well as in laser capture microdissection (LCM) derived prostate cancer (CaP) specimens by quantitative RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and a fluorescent microscopy were used to characterize the molecular size and the cellular location of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged DERPC fusion proteins. A colony formation assay was conducted to determine the effects of DERPC expression on tumor cell growth. Results: A novel gene DERPC(Decreased Expression in Renal and Prostate Cancer) was identified and characterized. DERPCencoded a strong basic, proline- and glycinerich nuclear protein. DERPCwas ubiquitously expressed, with abundant expression in kidney, skeletal muscle, testis, liver, ovary, and heart and moderate expression in prostate. DERPCexpression was reduced in renal (67%) and prostate tumors (33%). Expression of DERPChas inhibitory potential on CaP cell growth. Further, overexpression of DERPC in LNCaP cells caused alterations of nuclear morphology. Conclusion: This study suggests that decreased expression of DERPCmay be implicated in tumorigenesis of renal and CaPs.

Transcriptional activation of the p53 target genes plays a critical role in the cellular response to DNA damage, hypoxia, cellular stress and other signals regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis. The discovery of new p53 target genes continues to reveal novel mechanisms of action of this multifaceted protein. We used cDNA arrays to search for p53-regulated genes in prostate cancer cells. In this report, we describe robust induction of heat shock protein 27 (hsp27) in prostate cancer cells (DU145, LNCaP, PC3) following wild-type p53 expression from an adenoviral p53 expression vector (AdWTp53). A mutant p53 (R175H)–containing adenoviral expression vector did not induce hsp27. hsp27 expression was not altered in prostate cancer cells following expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p21^waf1/cip1 and p27(kip1) from adenoviral expression vectors. Treatment of cells with staurosporine, an apoptosis-inducing agent, did no affect hsp27 expression. These observations provide evidence that induction of hsp27 expression was wild-type p53–specific and was not due to non-specific effects of cell growth arrest and/or apoptosis. Previous studies and the experiment reported here show induction of hsp27 expression in response to androgen ablation, a physiological state that induces apoptosis in prostatic epithelial cells. The nature of p53 and hsp27 interactions in the regulation of apoptosis and/or cell growth needs to be further defined. Int. J. Cancer 88:191–194, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Maspin has been shown to inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis in breast tumor cells. Maspin expression was detected in normal breast and prostate epithelial cells, whereas tumor cells exhibited reduced or no expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of maspin expression remains unknown. We report here a rapid and robust induction of maspin expression in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3) and breast tumor cells (MCF7) following wild type p53 expression from an adenovirus p53 expression vector (AdWTp53). p53 activates the maspin promoter by binding directly to the p53 consensus-binding site present in the maspin promoter. DNA-damaging agents and cytotoxic drugs induced endogenous maspin expression in cells containing the wild type p53. Maspin expression was refractory to the DNA-damaging agents in cells containing mutant p53. These results, combined with recent studies of the tumor metastasis suppressor geneKAI1and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1), define a new category of molecular targets of p53 that have the potential to negatively regulate tumor invasion and/or metastasis.

In astronomy, it is important to categorize celestial bodies by classifying collected spectral data. The currently available methods present unsatisfactory spectral classification accuracy and incur high computing costs. We propose a celestial spectral classification network based on a residual and attention based convolutional network (RAC-Net). In this network, convolution operations can extract shallow and deep features of spectral data and classify them without relying on redshifts. The residual mechanism can augment the depth of the network and make training more efficient. The attention mechanism allows the network to focus on specific bands and specific features, rendering the learning more targeted. To evaluate the performance of the RAC-Net, we conducted a comparative test using a celestial spectral data set that consisted of 70,000 spectra collected by the large sky area multi-object fiber spectroscopic telescope. The experimental results showed that the classification accuracy of our network was up to 98.92%. Compared with the leading one-dimensional, convolutional neural network 1D SSCNN model, the RAC-Net presented higher classification accuracy and fewer network parameters.

We study discrete solutions of nonlinear optimal control problems. By value functions, we construct difference equations to approximate the optimal control on each interval of “small” time. We aim to find a discrete optimal feedback control. An algorithm is proposed for computing the solution of the optimal control problem.