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Copyright of Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France is the property of Academie Veterinaire de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France is the property of Academie Veterinaire de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France is the property of Academie Veterinaire de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Fabula is the property of Fabula and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Endoscopica is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’écho-endoscopie a longtemps été cantonnée au Canada à quelques centres universitaires. Parmi les explications, on peut avancer les difficultés à se former aux nouvelles techniques endoscopiques sur un continent peu équipé dans ce domaine, et l’absence de reconnaissance officielle rapide des nouvelles techniques. La mobilité des médecins nord-américains, plus importante qu’en Europe, peut aussi expliquer le fait que des centres s’équipent mais ne possèdent pas nécessairement un expert capable de faire fonctionner l’appareillage. Bien qu’encore en nombre limité, nous avons ici l’opportunité de faire le point sur la situation des centres d’écho-endoscopie au Canada. Avec l’aide des sociétés Pentax et Carson (représentant Olympus au Canada), il a été possible de recenser 16 centres équipés de matériel d’une de ces 2 marques. Un questionnaire standardisé, élaboré par les Clubs Français et Belges d’écho-endoscopie Digestive a été envoyé à tous les centres connus et 8 d’entre eux ont répondu à ce jour, soit en fournissant leurs chiffres d’activité réels soit en donnant une estimation sur la période du mois de septembre 2004. Cet article ne rapporte pas les résultats de l’ensemble du questionnaire dans la mesure où tous les items n’ont pas été renseignés. Si 16 centres sont actuellement connus au Canada pour posséder au moins un appareil, 11 seulement emploient au moins un endoscopiste clairement identifié, responsable de cette activité, les autres centres étant actuellement en attente d’un expert (démissionnaire ou bien en cours de formation). The use of EUS in Canada has long been confined to a few university centers. There are multiple possible explanations for this: among these, difficulties in training in new endoscopie techniques on a continent poorly equipped in EUS and the absence of an early validation of new techniques of investigation by official agencies. The greater mobility of North-American physicians, may also explain the fact that some centers are equipped but do not always have the required experts on site. Although still present in limited numbers, we have here the opportunity to give a progress report on the status of EUS centers in Canada. With the help of the companies Pentax and Carsen (Olympus representative in Canada), we were able to obtain information on 16 centers equipped with EUS probes from either of these 2 manufacturers. A standardized questionnaire, previously developed by the French and Belgian Digestive EUS clubs, was sent to all the known centers and 8 have answered to date, either by providing their real activity numbers or by giving an estimate over the period of September 2004. This article does not show the results of the entire questionnaire insofar as all the items have not been fully reported. If sixteen centers are currently known in Canada to have at least one instrument, only 11 employ at least one clearly identified endoscopist responsible for this activity, while the other centers are still awaiting one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Endoscopica is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Most clinical research in France takes place in teaching hospitals. There are, however, many advantages to developing it in other hospitals: access to innovative treatments, improvement in healthcare quality, attractiveness of hospitals, increased trial inclusion rates and reduced selection bias. The objectives of our study were to report on the current situation of clinical research outside teaching hospitals., Methods: A three-stage survey was conducted between January 2012 and May 2013 in non-teaching hospitals of north-eastern France. First, questionnaires were sent to administrative and medical boards of all hospitals with more than 100 beds, then to head doctors of every department in hospitals with more than 300 beds and finally meetings were organized with members of 20 selected hospitals., Results: The administrative and medical boards of 85 hospitals participated in the first stage of the survey; half of these hospitals were engaged in clinical research activities and for 10 the internal structuring was cross-disciplinary. Answers from 178 departments were obtained during the second stage; 47% reported a clinical research activity. Meetings with research teams in 20 hospitals allowed us to identify difficulties concerning research funding, transversal organization and sponsoring., Conclusion: Clinical research existed in more than half of the respondent non-teaching hospitals. Obstacles to its development can be grouped in three categories: 1) internal structuring of clinical research, 2) access to information and knowledge of how clinical research functions and to interlocutors outside the hospital and 3) access to skills necessary to sponsor clinical research., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)