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This is a special issue published in version 1.0 of "Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology." Articles in this issue include: (1) [Theta] Scheme (Orthogonal Milstein Scheme), a Better Numerical Approximation for Multi-dimensional SDEs (Klaus Schmitz Abe); (2) Input Data Processing Techniques in Intrusion Detection Systems--Short Review (Suhair H. Amer and John A. Hamilton, Jr.); (3) Design of a Dual-band Reconfigurable Antenna (Nazia Hasan, Nitin Kumar, S. C. Gupta, and Vipul Sharma); (4) Updated Congestion Control Algorithm for TCP Throughput improvement in Wired and Wireless Network (K. Srinivas); (5) Collaborative Web Recommendation Systems--A Survey Approach (A. Kumar and P. Thambidurai); (6) Fast Association Rule Mining Algorithm for Spatial Gene Expression Data (M. Anandhavalli, M. K. Ghose, and K. Gauthaman); (7) Fair Load Balancing in Wireless Networks (S. Venkatesan and C. Manoharan); (8) Maximized Optimization Algorithm For Distributed Traffic Control Laws by Combining Traffic Engineering And Quality of Service (R. Senthil Kumar and K. Thangadurai); (9) Security Algorithm for Cryptosystems chaotic map (R. Gnanajeyaraman and K. Prasadh); (10) Reducing Packet Delay and Loss in Heterogeneous Mobile Wireless Networks (S. Kirubakaran and C. Manoharan); (11) Congestion Analysis of IEEE 802.11 Wireless Infrastructure Local Area Networks (Amardeep Kaur); (12) Histogram based Image Spam Detection using Backpropagation Neural Networks (M. Soranamageswari and C. Meena); (13) Fuzzy Congestion Control Scheme in ATM Networks (Parag Jain, Sandip Vijay Mieee, and S. C. Gupta); (14) A Survey On Shortest Path Routing Algorithms For Public Transport Travel (S. Meena Kumari and N. Geethanjali); (15) HierarchyMap: A Novel Approach to Treemap Visualization of Hierarchical Data (D. O. Aborisade and O. J. Oyelade); (16) A Survey on Congestion Control (E. Chandra and B. Subramani); (17) Document Clustering using Linear Partitioning and Reallocation using EM Algorithm (P. J. Gayathri, S. C. Punitha, and M. Punithavalli); (18) Improved Gradient Descent Back Propagation Neural Networks for Diagnoses of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T. Jayalakshmi and A. Santhakumaran); (19) A Comparative Study On Fingerprint Protection Using Watermarking Techniques (D. Mathivadhani and C. Meena); (20) Improving and Maintaining Network Security Using MD5 Algorithm (Nitin A. Naik, Gajanan D. Kurundkar, and Santosh D. Khamitkar); (21) Rolled Fingerprint Segmentation (S. Malathi, S. Uma maheswari, and C. Meena); (22) Positional Approach for Alphabetic Sort Algorithm (Muhammad Bilal Qureshi and Muhammad Shuaib Qureshi); (23) Advanced Natural Language Translation System (Johnson Manuel Devadoss); (24) Modified DSR (Preemptive) to reduce link breakage and routing overhead for MANET using Proactive Route Maintenance (PRM) (V. Ramesh, P. Subbaiah, and K. Sangeetha Supriya); (25) Performance Analysis and Enhancement of IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (Amardeep Kaur, Sandip Vijay, and S. C. Gupta); and (26) Sequential & Parallel Algorithms for Big-Integer Numbers Subtraction (Youssef Bassil and Aziz Barbar). An index is included. (Individual articles contain references, tables, and figures.) ["Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology" is published by Global Journals. Abstract revised to meet ERIC guidelines.]

The "Census in Schools Educator Update" is sent to educators and educational organizations periodically to keep them informed about current and upcoming census data and to provide ideas about how to use data in the classroom. This issue of the "Census in Schools Educator Update" newsletter focuses on the following topics: (1) 2010 Census; (2) Fourth of July 2009--Facts and Classroom Activities; (3) Population Numbers--Facts and Classroom Activities; (4) Fourth of July Cookouts--Facts and Classroom Activities; and (5) Patriotic-Sounding Names--Facts and Classroom Activities.

HOT Topics is a new quarterly publication from the Equipped for the Future (EFF) National Center. HOT stands for Highlights On Teaching, and this publication is committed to providing teachers and tutors with tools and ideas for teaching using the EFF Framework and Standards. This first issue of HOT Topics focuses on strategies that use the EFF framework for goal-setting. These strategies, developed by practitioners, help move learners from generalized long-term goals to more specific short-term goals. This issue contains the following articles: (1) EFF Frames the Goal-Setting Process; (2) 3 Mind Maps; (3) Basketball Goal Activity; (4) SMART Goals; (5) The Goal-Setting Form: Another Tool to Focus Learners; (6) "But I've Got New Learners..."; and (7) Online Resources.

This document consists of the first 16 issues of a serial providing learning activities for intermediate and advanced students of Spanish. Each issue is organized around a separate theme, with the first 9 issues devoted to celebration of the fifth centenary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus: (1) "Cultural Contact"; (2) "Expeditions"; (3) "The Age of Discoveries"; (4) "The Hispanic Presence in the United States"; (5) "Expo '92"; (6) "The Olympics"; (7) "Spanish in the United States"; (8) "Spanish in the World"; (9) "Such was 1992 [in Spain]"; (10) "Spain and the European Community"; (11) "Europe: Sports and Arts"; (12) "Europe: Leisure and Tradition"; (13) "Customs"; (14) "Spanish Food"; (15) World Soccer Championship: USA 94"; and (16) "Music of Spain." Each issue contains activity units beginning with information on the student level for which it is intended, the objectives of the activity, the skills targeted, and information on how to carry out the activity. (KM)

The "Census in Schools Educator Update" is sent to educators and educational organizations periodically to keep them informed about current and upcoming census data and to provide ideas about how to use data in the classroom. This issue of the "Census in Schools Educator Update" newsletter includes the following items: (1) Have You Seen the Census in Schools Lessons and Maps?; (2) 2010 Census Road Tour; (3) Census in Schools Week; and (4) Recent News from the Census Bureau.

The "Census in Schools Educator Update" is sent to educators and educational organizations periodically to keep them informed about current and upcoming census data and to provide ideas about how to use data in the classroom. This issue of the "Census in Schools Educator Update" newsletter focuses on the following topics: (1) Census in Schools Week; (2) 2010 Census Lesson Plans--Map Literacy Strand; and (3) High School Teachers Only!

"The Geography Teacher" provides hands-on reference and educative material for K-12 Geography teachers. The journal also pioneers innovative ideas for contemporary teaching methods, including lesson plans. This issue contains the following: (1) Census in Schools Program (census.gov); (2) Ask Dr. de Blij (Dr. Harm de Blij); (3) Eritrea: Forever a Part of Me (Lucy Negash); (4) Exploring Global Climate Change: Knowledge and Misconceptions in K-16 Students (Jacklyn Welsheimer & Mark Francek); (5) Risk Perception and Climate Change (Christina Grunert & Professor Dr. Alexander Siegmund); (6) Harvard Revisited: Geography's Return as GIS (Dr. Wendy Guan & Dr. Peter K. Bol); (7) Geography Action! 2009: Help Students See Europe in New Ways (Anne Pollard Haywood); (8) Reading Our World (The Geography-Literacy Task Force); (9) Get the Discussion Started: Photos to Stimulate Thought (Ed Grode); (10) Coloring Page: St. Basil's Cathedral (Benjamin Primis); (11) Oh, the Places You'll Go: Place Collectors, Peak Baggers, and Letterboxes (Thomas A. Wikle); (12) Forest-Student Interface in Geography Pedagogy (Dr. Kavita Arora); (13) Book Review: The Geography of Bliss (Kathryn Jones Verna); (14) Book Review: Say You're One of Them (Trill Dreistadt); (15) Book Review: Wangari's Trees of Peace (Jan Smith); and (16) Book Review: Unbowed (Jan Smith). Individual articles contain references, tables, and figures.

"The Geography Teacher" provides hands-on reference and educative material for K-12 Geography teachers. The journal also pioneers innovative ideas for contemporary teaching methods, including lesson plans. This issue contains the following: (1) Ask Dr. de Blij (Harm de Blij); (2) Geography: Is it a Boy's Subject? (Lisa Smitreski); (3) A to Z: Where are the Animals in the Zoo? (Steven H. White, Matt Wachel); (4) Reading Our World (Patricia Hutchinson, Carol Warren); (5) Not Your Average Petting Zoo: Seaview Lion Park, Port Elizabeth, South Africa (Cindy Yahn Grode); (6) The Use of Statistics in Human Geography and the Social Geography of Cities (John Trites); (7) Culture and Objects (National Geographic); (8) The New Geography: Challenges to K-12 Curriculum and Instruction (James F. Marran); (9) Knowing Africa from the Chemical Elements (Antonio Joaquin Franco Mariscal, Maria Jose Cano Inglesias); (10) Teachers, Start Your Engines! (Lyn Malone); and (11) Products We Like: Maps101.com (Ed Grode, Cindy Yahn Grode). Individual articles contain references, tables, and figures.

"The Geography Teacher" provides hands-on reference and educative material for K-12 Geography teachers. The journal also pioneers innovative ideas for contemporary teaching methods, including lesson plans. This issue contains the following: (1) Ask Dr. de Blij (Dr. Harm de Blij); (2) Around the World in Eighty Days (Donald P. Albert); (3) Expanding Horizons (Patricia Velde Pederson); (4) Reading Our World (The Geography-Literacy Task Force); (5) Geography Rap (William Casey Martin); (6) How India Moved (National Geographic); (7) Revisiting the High School Geography Project (William B. Russell III, Jeffrey Byford); (8) Children Map the World (Barbara Bartz Petchenik, Children's World Map Competition); (9) Environmental Study as an Independent Subject in Indian Schools? (Sarfaraz Alam); (10) Mind Travel in Geography (Gwenda Rice); (11) Coal in West Virginia (Carol Gillespie); (12) Masters of Disasters (TGT); (13) Geography Never Tasted So Good (S. Kay Gandy); (14) Bratz[TM] Adventures in Learning World Globe (Cynthia Baum Laffan); and (15) Book Reviews: Not All Atlases are for All People (Ed Grode). Individual articles contain references, tables, and figures.

"The Geography Teacher" provides hands-on reference and educative material for K-12 Geography teachers. The journal also pioneers innovative ideas for contemporary teaching methods, including lesson plans. This issue contains the following: (1) Ask Dr. de Blij (Dr. Harm de Blij); (2) Improving Geographic Understanding with a State Atlas (Jerry T. Mitchell, Monti Caughman, Susan Wise); (3) Girl Wins Geographic Bee (Scott Norris, NG News); (4) Playing with the 50 States and the Chemical Elements (Antonio Joaquin Franco Mariscal, Maria Jose Cano Inglesias); (5) Why Geography Matters to a Teen (Eric Goldfischer); (6) Reading Our World (The Geography-Literacy Task Force); (7) The Uses of Geography (James F. Marran); (8) World Refugees (Interview with Lavinia Limon); (9) Mapping a Secret (Dawn Bryant, Sue Gerstenberger, Dr. Timothy Lintner); (10) The World's Human Population (Chuck Fahrer); (11) Atlantic Canada in Review (Penny Anderson); (12) Infidel (book review by Jody Smothers Marcello); (13) Movies as Teaching Tools (Mary Lynn Everhart); (14) Book Reviews: Now and Then (Lydia Lewis); and (15) International Geographic Bee (NG web site). Individual articles contain references, tables, and figures.

This issue of "Classroom Notes Plus" contains descriptions of original, unpublished teaching practices, and of adapted ideas. Under the "Ideas from the Classroom" section, the August 2003 issue (v21 n1) contains the following materials: Reading Poetry with Wright's "Black Boy" (David Fuder); Finding Poetry Lost in Translation (James Penha); "Lord of the Flies" and American Society (Liz deBeer); "Lord of the Flies": Building an Island (and Classroom) Community (Ronald T. Sion); Astrology and "Romeo and Juliet" (Traci Lombardo); Going from the General to the Specific with Horoscopes (Donna Isaac); Motivation Manifesto (Laura Austin); What the Dickens? Knitting as Motif (Christine McGovern); Responding to Books through Posters (Ann Grabowski); and Symbol Search: An Entry to Social Studies and Citizenship (Rose Reissman). The "Web Resources" section contains: The Interactive Raven. The "Focus on Writing" section contains: Writing for Our Lives (Carolyn Steinhoff Smith); Round Robin Writing (Byung-In Seo); Reflecting on Writing via Interview (Mary Kim Schreck); and Forrest Gump and Sandra Cisneros Teach Similes (Carol Lecren) [Reprinted from "Promising Practices"]. Under the "Ideas from the Classroom" section, the October 2003 issue (v21 n2) contains the following materials: Settings and Maps (Ray Chapin); Words, Magnets, and Poetry (Sherry Swanner); Using Magic to Teach English (Alice C. Herring); You Gotta BE the Dwarf: Using Drama to Unlock Texts (Don Leibold); Elizabethan Interactive Museum (Arlene Lewis); Bridging the Gap: or How I Learned to Use Their World to Get to Ours (Kathleen K. Thornton); and Relevancy in the Classroom: Bringing the Real World into School (Josh Luukkonen). Under the Classroom Solutions" section is: A Map That's More Than Classroom Decor (Ronda Stevens). Under the "Focus on Writing" section is: "All Answers Are Answers to All Questions" (Mark Peters); Photos Lead to Mini-Character Sketches (Mary F. Whitaker); and Vivid Sensory Description (Heather Frame and Heather Graham). Under "Excerpts" is: Teaching Writing as Reflective Practice. Under "Handout" is: Should This Character Marry? (Tara M. Baker). Under the "Ideas from the Classroom" section, the January 2004 issue (v21 n3) contains the following materials: How Things Aren't (Daniel Sullivan); Using Poetry to Enhance Reading and Writing (Alisha L. Vincent); Showing, Not Telling (Bonnie Dodge); First Things First: Developing Paragraphs (Scott Slomsky); Understanding Characters through Freewriting (Moira Collins); Character Mandala (Fran Bullington); Discovering Good Writing (Nancy Posey); Evaluating Nonfiction (Kim Ford); Multimedia Shakespeare (includes handout) (Amy Caby); Learning Centers for 1984 (Jill Hensley); More than Just the Facts: Presenting Characters in the Classroom (Lyn C. Howell); Opening the Literary Field for Different Interpretations (Kimberly L. Cooney); Facing the Elements: Short Fiction Write-Around (Kim Martin Long); and Creative Expression in the Language Arts Classroom (Judith A. Goldbaum). Under the "Focus on Writing" Section is: Teaching Writing through Court Trials in Secondary English Classrooms (Ernest Morrell) [Reprinted from the "Florida English Journal" (Spring/Summer 2003)]. Under "Excerpts" is: A Writing Question and Answer from the "Purdue Owl News." Under the "Ideas from the Classroom" section, the April 2004 issue (v21 n4) contains the following materials: The Drawer Assignment (Jill Melancon); Get Creative with the Memory Game (Heather Wright); Breakfast with Mrs. Akin (Susan Akin); Teaching Problem-Solving through Scenarios (David Bruce); Status Cubes for the Writer's Workshop (Elisabeth Babin); Carpe Diem! (Linda S. Felice); Bookmarks as a Reading Aid (Jane Long); Responding to Stories through Music (Barbara Yogan); Thinking about Reading with 3-2-1 (Maureen Dolan); Partners in Crime: Cracking Cases Using Science and English (Erik Hein); The Elements of Fiction and Dr. Seuss (Cat Lytle); "Lord of the Flies"Luggage Tags (Catherine Schluessler); and Experimenting with Tone (James M. Pedersen).Under "Classroom Solutions" is: Class Discussions (Carole Ronane). Under "Focus on Poetry" is: Nonsense Poems and Wrong-Handed Portraits (Judy Cromett). The April 2004 issue also contains Classroom Notes Plus Index, 2003-004. [For "Classroom Notes Plus: A Quarterly of Teaching Ideas, 2001-2002," see ED480259.]

This text, which focuses on coastal oil production, the countries and the people involved, is designed for use in upper elementary science, social studies, or math courses concerned with energy-related topics. The first half of the text is the Teacher's Guide. It presents an overview of the main ideas for each lesson, strategies for implementation, objectives, materials, and answer keys to student worksheets. The second half is the Student's Guide, including maps, graphs, worksheets, vocabulary, and articles to read. The unit introduces the methods by which oil is extracted from the Persian Gulf region and the Gulf of Mexico region. Transportation by super tankers, energy needs of the people of both regions, and oil production is discussed. A comparative approach to the people of each region stresses the diversity of cultures and is intended to expand children's views of culture. The interdependence of people and energy is emphasized. (SA)

The three 1987 issues of the Journal of Refugee Education include articles on the following topics: on-the-job training; preparing refugee children for elementary school programs; examining attitudes and stereotypes through video; older teenagers at the Bataan (Philippines) refugee site; developing a survey course in Indonesian culture for secondary school students; the refugee translator's perspective; intercultural communication; a traditional medicine center; English as a second language (ESL) curriculum development; refugee hesitancy to ask questions; refugee artists; teaching community services; a conversation with two Lao monks; variety and choice in cultural orientation courses; the Dega people; job interview simulation; fluency building; cultural orientation for and special problems of Eastern European refugees; Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages annual meeting session summaries; drama for secondary students; a writing program; resume writing; developing ESL literacy in young children; mental health service delivery; student newspapers; staff development; the Cao Dai religion; U.S. resettlement status; ESL reading for young children; the Black Tai; informal language testing; student map making; new teacher experiences; history instruction; preparation for bureaucracy; native language literacy; the community as a language resource; low-level ESL teaching techniques; and visits to overseas refugee sites. (MSE)

Recognizing the importance of geography instruction, this packet was designed to provide sources of materials and information to aid the classroom teacher in preparing geography lessons. Global geography and map skills are emphasized. Materials included in the listings are: (1) professional organizations; (2) journals and newletters; (3) ERIC documents; (4) textbooks; (5) atlases; (6) computer software; (7) audio visual materials; and (8) teacher resources. (SM)

The eight articles and two commentaries of this theme issue indicate the main lines of thinking represented at a symposium on the comprehension of graphics in text. The common assumption is that graphics per se do not have a direct effect on learning results but are effective only when processed adequately. (SLD)

This issue of a magazine of Iowa history for young people focuses on early explorers and combined learning activities with informative articles. Sections in this issue include: "Where? What? Who?"; "Maps--long ago and recent"; "Every map answers at least two questions: Where? What?"; "Jolliet and Marquette"; "Match the maps"; "Louisiana Purchase"; "Lewis and Clark"; "Zebulon Pike"; "Rosie's Maps"; and "Where were the women explorers?" There is also a map of the United States as seen from Canada with "can you find" questions, a student history makers section, a section of answers; and "a history mystery." (DB)

A summary and an analysis of the findings of the Land Resources for Populations of the Future project are provided in this report. The project, conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization, studied the food production capabilities of 117 developing countries to determine how many people they could support at different levels of farming and to compare that with each country's population in 1975 and projected population in 2000. Among the findings are that at low levels of farming (the current practice in most developing countries), 38 percent of these areas could not support their 1975 population and 65 countries will be unable to feed their population in the year 2000. Regional findings are presented for Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Southwest Asia (Middle East) accompanied by maps which illustrate the situation relative to 1975 populations. The analysis of the project points out some overly optimistic assumptions upon which the study was based such as that all cultivable land would be used, that it would be used only to grow food crops, and that food supplies would be distributed equally among socioeconomic groups. The conclusion of the analysis is that the problem is even more critical than the study shows. (DC)

This issue of Update contains four separate geography lesson plans on the topics of: (1) the mobility and interactions of people, goods, and ideas; (2) creating thematic maps and comparing the relative wealth of South American countries; (3) identifying and applying key geographic concepts; and (4) human-environment interactions. Each lesson plan suggests an appropriate grade level, outlines specific teaching objectives, and provides: (1) background discussion ideas; (2) reference materials; (3) a day-by-day schedule of activities; and (4) related activities. (JHP)

This research article details the development of a three-dimensional and multi-layered interactive museum map of the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation for blind visitors. The research utilized a participatory system design with input from blind people at each stage including prototype design and ultimately a museum tour with the map. The map was designed to incorporate three-dimensional floor plans that highlight both exhibits and facilities along with audio-tactile interactions.

British artist Ed Fairburn creates intricate portraits by working with ink pens on paper maps, merging the geography of the human face with the geography of the earth. Fairburn's unique process, which he describes as topopointillism, involves using traditional art materials to transform the contours and patterns found on maps into detailed facial features. His work has gained widespread recognition, leading to high-profile commissions, exhibitions, and collaborations with publishers and film franchises. Fairburn's artistry showcases a masterful choreography of crosshatching on maps, transforming tiny marks into portraits of powerful beauty. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Ciel Variable: Art Photo Médias Culture is the property of Productions Ciel Variable and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article highlights the changing data profile, challenges and opportunities of snakebite envenoming in Sub-Saharan Africa as continued efforts to centralize data collection and integrate snakebite envenoming into national surveillance. Topics discussed include the number of annual snakebite cases and deaths reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by 24 member states and improvements in snakebite reporting in sub-Saharan Africa.

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) began in 1988, wild poliovirus (WPV) types 2 and 3 have been eradicated and the annual numbers of polio cases have decreased by >99.9%. Transmission of WPV type 1 (WPV1) remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2 countries that share a 1600 miles (2600 km) border. This report describes immunization and surveillance activities and progress towards polio eradication in Afghanistan during January 2023--September 2024. As of 1 November, Afghanistan had reported 23 WPV1 cases in 2024, with onset between January-- and 30 September 2024. During the 3 previous years, 12 WPV1 cases were reported, including 6 in 2023. The Taliban took control nationwide in August 2021, allowing broader geographical access for poliovirus vaccination campaigns since 2021. Multiple challenges have affected polio eradication activities in Afghanistan. These include mandated repatriation of approximately 1 million Afghans by Pakistan beginning in lates 2023, the ongoing humanitarian crisis that limits the effectiveness of international agencies; constraints on the polio programme imposed by the authorities; and increased restrictions on female public participation, in vaccination activities. House-to-house vaccination coverage reached 90%--98% of children in June--July 2024. In 2021, the authorities had progressively lifted restrictions on house-to-house campaigns; however, national restrictions were again imposed in August 2024. Nationwide house-to-house visits and strengthening of the routine childhood immunization programme would ensure that every vulnerable child is vaccinated and ensure progress in polio eradication in Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge and lead to outbreaks of paralytic polio as well as asymptomatic transmission in communities with a high percentage of under-vaccinated children. Data from the WHO Polio Information System (POLIS) and the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN) are used below to describe global polio outbreaks due to cVDPVs during January 2023--June 2024. This updates previous reports. During the reporting period, 74 cVDPV outbreaks were detected in 39 countries, predominantly in Africa. Of the outbreaks, 47 (64%) were new and were detected in 30 (77%) of the 39 countries. Three countries reported cVDPV type 1 (cVDPV1) outbreaks; 39 reported cVDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks; and 2 countries reported co-circulating cVDPV1 and cVDPV2. Seventy cVDPV2 outbreaks were reported in 38 countries. cVDPV transmission lasted for >1 year into 2024 in 15 countries. In Nigeria and Somalia, countries with security-compromised areas, persistent cVDPV2 transmission has spread to neighbouring countries. Delayed implementation of outbreak response and low-quality campaigns have resulted in further international spread. Countries can control cVDPV outbreaks with timely allocation of resources to implement prompt, high-quality responses after outbreak confirmation. Stopping cVDPV transmission requires vaccination to increase population immunity; this requires overcoming barriers to vaccinating children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the progress made as of 2023 to a global roadmap launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) to defeat meningitis by 2030 in the African meningitis belt. Cited are the introduction and use of meningococcal conjugate vaccine in the meningitis belt to prevent epidemics, the increase in the number of countries participating in the enhanced surveillance (ES) network, and meningococcal outbreaks confirmed during the meningitis epidemic season in Niger and Nigeria.

This article examines the role of—and challenges facing—the Russian political opposition in exile. Operating from abroad due to security concerns, opposition groups are constrained yet remain active in influencing political dynamics in Russia. This preliminary analysis underscores the importance of maintaining connections with domestic constituencies to support “authoritarian erosion” and highlights how exiled communities contribute to the delegitimization of the regime through transnational networks. We map the landscape of political initiatives as supply-side politics for Russian exiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the unique aspects of indexing travel guides, emphasizing the significance of structured indexing to meet user expectations. Topics include the considerations of organizing main heading types in the index, challenges related to strict page count constraints, and the balance between using English names and native names for places in the guides.

Elaine and Joe Ormerod recently visited Norfolk and stayed at the Sandringham Camping and Caravanning Club Site near King's Lynn. During their trip, they explored the historic town and visited Marriott's Warehouse, which now serves as a restaurant and showcases King's Lynn's history. They also visited Castle Rising, a village with a ruined castle associated with the Howard family. The couple took a boat trip to see seals at Blakeney Point and learned about the colorful rock formations in Hunstanton. They concluded their trip with a walk in the grounds of Sandringham. The campsite, located on the Sandringham Estate, offers 270 pitches and charges between £31.85 and £42.35. It provides well-maintained facilities, a peaceful environment surrounded by natural beauty, and opportunities for birdwatching and outdoor activities. Nearby bus stops and walking paths in the grounds of Sandringham are also available. [Extracted from the article]

The article highlights the picturesque seaside village of Théoule-sur-Mer on the Côte d’Azur, known for its unspoiled coastline and stunning natural beauty. Visitors can enjoy hiking, cycling, and picnicking on secluded beaches, as well as stay at the newly opened Château de Théoule hotel. The village also boasts unique architectural landmarks like the Palais Bulles and offers a serene and peaceful atmosphere for residents and visitors alike. [Extracted from the article]

This article highlights the article presented in this issue “BentoMuseum: 3D and Layered Interactive Museum Map for Blind Visitors” by Xiyue Wang et al. This article focuses on how the museum map detailed in the accompanying article can be used in preparation of a museum visit for anyone looking to construct a mental map to make their actual visit easier and more productive. The authors here focus on how these museum maps can make museums more accessible to all types of visitors.