2,388 results
Search Results
2. Effect of toilet tissue Paper on residential sewerage-line clogging
- Author
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Sultan Bekiroğlu Öztürk, Gulnur Mertoglu Elmas, and İÜC, Orman Fakültesi, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Toilet ,Grammage ,Viskozimeter of cellulose ,Environmental Engineering ,Pulp (paper) ,Bioengineering ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Tissue paper ,Bio-degradability ,01 natural sciences ,Clogging ,Accumulation ,Wet strength ,010608 biotechnology ,Sewerage ,engineering ,Tap water ,Toilet paper ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
Bekiroglu/0000-0002-9883-0250; Elmas, Gulnur Mertoglu/0000-0002-4481-3850 WOS:000478803800031 Toilet paper is widely used in residences. The low biodegradability of toilet paper's pulp fibers can cause residence sewer lines to clog, which may be due to some additives or the presence of nonwoven fiber products. In this study, the disintegration rate of toilet paper was compared against various physical factors of the toilet paper sheet. The samples were disintegrated in water at varying pH levels. In the manufacturing of toilet paper, there must be a balance between the desired softness and the necessary wet strength. Twelve commonly used brands of toilet paper were purchased locally. Physical factors of toilet paper samples such as degree of polymerization, thickness, grammage, and softness were determined. The samples were evaluated based on 9 variables using correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses. A strong positive relationship was found between the degree of disintegration of toilet tissue paper and its physical factors. These were the degree of polymerization, the grammage, thickness, and the softness. Additionally, the amount of polymers applied to toilet paper decreased the degree of softness and adversely affected the redispersion of fibers. Thus, this work supports the idea that toilet paper can contribute to clogging of residential sewerage lines.
- Published
- 2019
3. 2-(2-Phenylethyl)chromones increase in Aquilaria sinensis with the formation of agarwood.
- Author
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Yuanyuan Sun, Meiran Wang, Meng Yu, Jian Feng, Jianhe Wei, and Yangyang Liu
- Subjects
CHROMONES ,INDICATORS & test-papers ,METABOLOMICS ,PERFUMES ,ETHANOL - Abstract
Obtained from Aquilaria Lam. and Gyrinops Gaertn., agarwood is a prestigious perfume and medicinal material in the world. Its primary chemical constituents and indicators of agarwood's development are 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (PECs). However, how PECs affect its quality, accumulation, and transformation pattern is still unclear. The present study investigated this issue by monitoring resin filling in agarwood generated by the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique over a span of a year, observing the ethanol extract concentration at different sampling times, and statistically examining PECs in agarwood from each sampling period. In agarwood, the resin accumulated over time, except during the 4th-6th month due to the creation of a barrier layer. The relative content of total PECs demonstrated an overall increase throughout the year but a decrease from the 4th month to the 6th month, and the relative content of 19 PECs that persisted throughout the year was positively correlated with the content of ethanol extracts. In addition, the process of chromone accumulation was accompanied by the production and transformation of different types of chromones, with flindersia type 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, epoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones, and diepoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones being the major chromone components; in addition, the content of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones kept increasing after 6 months of agarwood formation. Three main trends were identified from 58 analogs of PECs, each with notable variation. The first type had the highest content at the beginning of resin formation. The second type had the highest content at 6 months and then started to decrease, and the third type had a slowly increasing content. As a whole, this study systematically investigated the accumulation of PECs during injury-induced agarwood production in A. sinensis, which is of scientific significance in resolving the transformation of PECs and revealing the secret of agarwood formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Critical review or scientific opinion paper: Arsenosugars—a class of benign arsenic species or justification for developing partly speciated arsenic fractionation in foodstuffs?
- Author
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Feldmann, Jörg and Krupp, Eva M.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Accumulation of Nutrients in Above and Below Ground Biomass in Response to Ammonium Sulphate Addition in a Norway Spruce Stand in Southwest Sweden
- Author
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Bergholm, Johan, Majdi, Hooshang, Satake, Kenichi, editor, Shindo, Junko, editor, Takamatsu, Takejiro, editor, Nakano, Takanori, editor, Aoki, Shigeru, editor, Fukuyama, Tsutomu, editor, Hatakeyama, Shiro, editor, Ikuta, Kazukamasa, editor, Kawashima, Munetsugu, editor, Kohno, Yoshihisa, editor, Kojima, Satoru, editor, Murano, Kentaro, editor, Okita, Toshiichi, editor, Taoda, Hiroshi, editor, Tsunoda, Kinichi, editor, and Tsurumi, Makoto, editor
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effect of Toilet Tissue Paper on Residential Sewerageline Clogging.
- Author
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Elmas, Gulnur Mertoglu and Ozturk, Sultan Bekiroglu
- Abstract
Toilet paper is widely used in residences. The low biodegradability of toilet paper's pulp fibers can cause residence sewer lines to clog, which may be due to some additives or the presence of nonwoven fiber products. In this study, the disintegration rate of toilet paper was compared against various physical factors of the toilet paper sheet. The samples were disintegrated in water at varying pH levels. In the manufacturing of toilet paper, there must be a balance between the desired softness and the necessary wet strength. Twelve commonly used brands of toilet paper were purchased locally. Physical factors of toilet paper samples such as degree of polymerization, thickness, grammage, and softness were determined. The samples were evaluated based on 9 variables using correlation and multivariate linear regression analyses. A strong positive relationship was found between the degree of disintegration of toilet tissue paper and its physical factors. These were the degree of polymerization, the grammage, thickness, and the softness. Additionally, the amount of polymers applied to toilet paper decreased the degree of softness and adversely affected the redispersion of fibers. Thus, this work supports the idea that toilet paper can contribute to clogging of residential sewerage lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Phytoremediation of Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mg with 25 wetland plant species from a paper mill contaminated site in North East India.
- Author
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Mazumdar, Kisholay and Das, Suchismita
- Subjects
PAPER mills ,MILLS & mill-work ,HAZARDOUS waste sites ,SANITARY landfills - Abstract
In order to assess the potential of wetland plants to remediate metals from a paper mill effluent contaminated wetland site in Northeast India, 25 abundant plant species belonging to 15 different families, soil, and water samples from the sites were tested for Pb, Zn, Mg, and Fe by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that metal accumulation by wetland plants differed among species and tissues. Plants thrived in high Pb, Zn, Mg, and Fe which indicated their tolerance. According to the criteria used for selecting plants for phytoremediation such as high metal tolerance, short life cycle, wide distribution, large shoot biomass and translocation factor (TF) >1; five species each were Mg and Fe accumulators, nine species were Pb accumulators and, eight species were Zn accumulators and the rest were excluders. Alternanthera sessilis was the only plant species that had TF > 1 for all the four metals. The study indicated great promise for phytoremediation, as these accumulators could be used in future for practical phytoremediation approaches and reduction of the risk from harmful metals to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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8. The generational questions after land reform in Zimbabwe: a social reproduction perspective
- Author
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Chipenda, Clement and Tom, Tom
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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9. Ecological effects of diffuse mixed pollution are site-specific and require higher-tier risk assessment to improve site management decisions: A discussion paper
- Author
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Martina G. Vijver, Albert A. Koelmans, Leo Posthuma, H.J.P. Eijsackers, and Animal Ecology
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Risk analysis ,Engineering ,Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management ,Environmental Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Land management ,Context (language use) ,Environment ,black carbon ,Risk Assessment ,susceptibility ,Wageningen Research ,toxicity tests ,Environmental Chemistry ,heavy-metals ,Quality (business) ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Decision Making, Organizational ,Risk management ,Nonpoint source pollution ,Netherlands ,media_common ,WIMEK ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Environmental resource management ,dutch field soils ,Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer ,Pollution ,Wageningen Marine Research ,communities ,extrapolation methods ,Water Framework Directive ,quality ,Environmental Pollutants ,Risk assessment ,business ,accumulation ,chemical-compounds - Abstract
Many Dutch ecosystems, whether terrestrial, aquatic or sediment-based, are diffusely polluted by mixtures of contaminants, whose concentrations often exceed regulatory Safe Values or other generic quality criteria. This situation has unclear consequences, especially when local authorities are confronted with such pollution. Water managers are frequently in doubt whether their water systems satisfy the criteria for 'Good Ecological Status' as defined in the EU's Water Framework Directive. In case of soils, soil users may wonder whether the soil is 'fit for use'. In case of nature conservation, the problem is that protected species might suffer from toxic stress. Official regulations in these cases call for appropriate action, but it is unclear whether the diffuse exposure causes adverse effects, and what the action should be. This paper proposes and discusses a site-oriented approach in the risk assessment of diffusely contaminated sites that can be used in addition to the compound-oriented policies from which the abovementioned generic quality criteria were derived. The site-oriented approach can be of help in reducing site-specific risks of diffuse contamination. Reflecting on the results of a large Dutch research effort in systems-oriented ecotoxicological effects, the conclusion is drawn that exposure and effects of diffuse pollution are site-specific in kind and magnitude, determined by the local combination of source-pathway-receptor issues, and often not clearly detectable (though often present). To assist in risk management, higher-tier methods can address various aspects, like addressing local mixture composition, bioavailability, and sensitivity of local species groups. Higher-tier risk assessment methods have as yet been developed mainly for cases of serious contamination, like for pesticide management and Risk-Based Land Management. For diffuse pollution, site-specific information can also be used to obtain site-specific exposure and impact information, while practical and ecology-based approaches can be introduced to obtain an integrated overview of the meaning of site contamination and to derive options for managing and reducing the local risks. These issues are discussed against the background of current major policy shifts, in The Netherlands and elsewhere, from a pollutant-oriented assessment to an additional ecological and site-oriented assessment. The latter is most clearly represented in the Good Ecological Status aim of the EU-Water Framework Directive. The paper assesses, integrates and discusses the results of the Dutch research effort in this policy context. © 2008.
- Published
- 2008
10. 14‐1: Distinguished Paper: A Multi‐Unit Compensation for OLED Burn‐In in Mobile Displays.
- Author
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Ok, Jiheon, Yu, Yonghoon, An, Joo-young, Na, Sewhan, Jang, Woohyuk, Lim, Hyun-Wook, and Lee, Jae-Youl
- Subjects
ORGANIC light emitting diodes ,UNIFORMITY ,LED displays ,MEMORY ,STORAGE - Abstract
In this paper, a cost‐effective OLED display burn‐in compensation method on a mobile system is proposed. The sub‐pixel wise compensation map is estimated using the data‐counting approach and is reallocated to multi‐unit regional map according to amount of burn‐in details. The degraded luminance compensation is applied for the display driver IC without the additional external storage. With the optimized multi‐unit map, perceptual quality can be enhanced after compensation with limited internal memory. Experiment shows that the luminance uniformity of the degraded panel has been improved by 20% after proposed compensation with 1/16 memory space usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Dust effect on flat surfaces – A review paper.
- Author
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Ghazi, Sanaz, Sayigh, Ali, and Ip, Kenneth
- Subjects
- *
SOLAR energy , *DUST , *CLEANING , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *SOLAR system - Abstract
Abstract: Dust accumulation is one of the natural phenomena that adversely affects the performance of solar systems. Since 1942, many efforts have been made to address the severity of deposited particles like dust, water stains, carbon from smoke, pollen in agricultural regions, etc. on the efficiency reduction of solar devices, which results in additional costs either from oversizing the system or from cleaning it. Although various innovative methods have been employed to clean the surface of grimy PVs, a holistic approach needs to show the cleaning mechanism under different climate conditions. This review highlights the findings from several references in three time periods and focusing on their similarities. For scaling up the appropriate mitigation method, four different global zones are explored based on suspended particles in the air. Consequently, the pattern of dust distribution in different parts of the world is assessed and it was found that the Middle East and North Africa have the worst dust accumulation zones in the world. Finally, a set of recommendations and guidelines with regard to the different climatic zones and their characteristics are presented especially for the installers of PV or other solar devices to implement a suitable cleaning system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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12. Flood caused by driftwood accumulation at a bridge
- Author
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Kimura, Nobuaki, Tai, Akira, and Hashimoto, Akihiro
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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13. Paper Industry Effluent Short and Long Effect on Soil Heavy Metals Accumulation and Phytoremediation
- Author
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Ltifi, Abdelkader, Saidi, Neila, Rabhi, Mokded, Downer, James, Smaoui, Abderrazak, Abdellly, Chedly, Hafiane, Amor, Abdalla, Hassan, Series editor, Abdul Mannan, Md., Series editor, Alalouch, Chaham, Series editor, Attia, Sahar, Series editor, Boemi, Sofia Natalia, Series editor, Bougdah, Hocine, Series editor, Bozonnet, Emmanuel, Series editor, De Bonis, Luciano, Series editor, Hawkes, Dean, Series editor, Kostopoulou, Stella, Series editor, Mahgoub, Yasser, Series editor, Mesbah Elkaffas, Saleh, Series editor, Mohareb, Nabil, Series editor, O. Gawad, Iman, Series editor, Oostra, Mieke, Series editor, Pignatta, Gloria, Series editor, Pisello, Anna Laura, Series editor, Rosso, Federica, Series editor, Kallel, Amjad, editor, Ksibi, Mohamed, editor, Ben Dhia, Hamed, editor, and Khélifi, Nabil, editor
- Published
- 2018
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14. The future of platforms, big data and new forms of capital accumulation.
- Author
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Nayak, Bhabani Shankar and Walton, Nigel
- Subjects
BIG data ,DISCOURSE analysis ,ELECTRONIC commerce ,MARXIST philosophy ,DIGITAL technology ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
Purpose: The paper argues that the classical Marxist theory of capitalist accumulation is inadequate to understand new forms of capitalism and their accumulation processes determined by "platforms" and "big data". Big data platforms are shaping the processes of production, labour, the price of products and market conditions. "Digital platforms" and "big data" have become an integral part of the processes of production, distribution and exchange relations. These twin pillars are central to the capitalist accumulation processes. The article argues that the classical Marxist theory of capitalist accumulation is inadequate to understand new forms of capitalism and their accumulation processes determined by "platforms" and "big data". Design/methodology/approach: As a conceptual paper, this paper follows critical methodological lineages and traditions based on non-linear historical narratives around the conceptualisation, construction and transition of the "Marxist theory of capital accumulation" in the age of platform economy. This paper follows a discourse analysis (Fairclough, 2003) to locate the way in which an artificial intelligence (AI)-led platform economy helps identify and conceptualise new forms of capitalist accumulation. It engages with Jørgensen and Phillips' (2002) contextual and empirical discursive traditions to undertake a qualitative comparative analysis by exploring a broad range of complex factors with case studies and examples from leading firms within the platform economy. Finally, it adopts two steps of "Theory Synthesis and Theory Adaptation" as outlined by Jaakkola (2020) to synthesise, adopt and expand the Marxist theory of capital accumulation under platform capitalism. Findings: This article identifies new trends and forms of data driven capitalist accumulation processes within the platform capitalism. The findings suggest that an AI led platform economy creates new forms of capitalist accumulation. The article helps to develop theoretical understanding and conceptual frameworks to understand and explain these new forms of capital accumulation. Originality/value: This study builds upon the limited theorisation on the AI and new capitalist accumulation processes. This article identifies new trends and forms of data driven capitalist accumulation processes within platform capitalism. The article helps to understand digital and platform capitalisms in the lens of digital labour and expands the theory of capitalist accumulation and its new forms in the age of datafication. While critiquing the Marxist theory of capitalist accumulation, the article offers alternative approaches for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Review of Core Annular Flow.
- Author
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Xie, Baoshan, Jiang, Fan, Lin, Huajian, Zhang, Mingcong, Gui, Zhenzhen, and Xiang, Jianhua
- Subjects
ANNULAR flow ,PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics) ,PIPE flow ,DRAG reduction ,HEAVY oil ,FOULING ,PIPELINES - Abstract
With the increasing demand for heavy oil, core annular flow (CAF) is an economical method to transport heavy oil, and many researchers have explored the energy-saving aspects of the CAF method. This paper presents a review of CAF energy saving and factors affecting CAF energy saving. Among them, the energy saving of CAF mainly concerns the changes in pressure drop and drag reduction efficiency; the factors affecting the energy saving of CAF mainly concern the problem of stability, the issue of restarting the pipeline system, the impact of a nozzle, the impact of fouling on the flow in the pipe, and the problem of oil–water accumulation. The aim of this paper is to provide a reference for the practical application of CAF in heavy oil transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. An exploratory system dynamics model of strategic capabilities in manufacturing
- Author
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Größler, Andreas
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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17. 'The mystery of Dublin': Corporate profit-shifting and housing crisis in twenty-first century Ireland.
- Author
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Egan, Martyn
- Subjects
HOUSING ,TWENTY-first century ,RENT seeking - Abstract
Ireland's economy is currently characterized by two phenomena: a highly globalized growth regime predicated on multinational corporate profit-shifting, and a domestic economy (concentrated in the capital, Dublin) experiencing severe housing crisis. This paper links these two phenomena together, and argues that they be considered as evidence of the emergence of a new accumulation regime, in which a specific mode of integration within the global economy both favours the emergence of, and embeds, particular patterns of domestic rent exploitation. To demonstrate this the paper combines a new synthesis of French régulation theory, as modified to account for transnational dynamics, with an updated reading of Gramsci's analysis of (pre-Fordist) rent exploitation, applying this framework to redefine Ireland's growth model as an emerging transnational accumulation regime of rentier character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. On the hoard of money and expanded reproduction.
- Author
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Saratchand, C
- Subjects
OVERPRODUCTION ,RATE of return - Abstract
The paper incorporates the hoard of money in a simple three-department scheme of expanded reproduction. The sui-generis features of the hoard of money are briefly set out. The paper then demonstrates that due to the existence of the hoard of money, it is possible for there to be generalised over-production of all non-money commodities. The paper concludes with some suggestions for further work in this research direction. JEL classifications : B14, B24, B51, E11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Molybdate toxicity in Chinese cabbage is not the direct consequence of changes in sulphur metabolism
- Author
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C. E. E. Stuiver, Dharmendra H. Prajapati, Erica Zuidersma, L.J. De Kok, Malcolm J. Hawkesford, Ties Ausma, Verhulst lab, Elzenga lab, and De Kok lab
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,EXPRESSION ,EXCESS MOLYBDENUM ,sulphate uptake ,Plant Science ,Brassica ,sulphate assimilation ,Molybdate ,Biology ,Sulphate assimilation ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,REDUCTASE ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,Soil Pollutants ,SELENATE ,Food science ,TOLERANCE ,EXPOSURE ,ATP SULFURYLASE ,heavy metals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ACCUMULATION ,Molybdenum ,SULFATE TRANSPORTERS ,Chlorosis ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,Research Papers ,chemistry ,Heavy metals ,Seedlings ,Shoot ,Toxicity ,Composition (visual arts) ,Phytotoxicity ,ATMOSPHERIC H2S ,Sulphate uptake ,Sulfur ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Paper - Abstract
In polluted areas, plants may be exposed to supra‐optimal levels of the micronutrient molybdenum. The physiological basis of molybdenum phytotoxicity is poorly understood. Plants take up molybdenum as molybdate, which is a structural analogue of sulphate. Therefore, it is presumed that elevated molybdate concentrations may hamper the uptake and subsequent metabolism of sulphate, which may induce sulphur deficiency.In the current research, Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) seedlings were exposed to 50, 100, 150 and 200 μm Na2MoO4 for 9 days.Leaf chlorosis and a decreased plant growth occurred at concentrations ≥100 μm. Root growth was more affected than shoot growth. At ≥100 μm Na2MoO4, the sulphate uptake rate and capacity were increased, although only when expressed on a root fresh weight basis. When expressed on a whole plant fresh weight basis, which corrects for the impact of molybdate on the shoot‐to‐root ratio, the sulphate uptake rate and capacity remained unaffected. Molybdate concentrations ≥100 μm altered the mineral nutrient composition of plant tissues, although the levels of sulphur metabolites (sulphate, water‐soluble non‐protein thiols and total sulphur) were not altered. Moreover, the levels of nitrogen metabolites (nitrate, amino acids, proteins and total nitrogen), which are generally strongly affected by sulphate deprivation, were not affected. The root water‐soluble non‐protein thiol content was increased, and the tissue nitrate levels decreased, only at 200 μm Na2MoO4.Evidently, molybdenum toxicity in Chinese cabbage was not due to the direct interference of molybdate with the uptake and subsequent metabolism of sulphate., Exposure to excessive molybdate may constrain plant growth. It is presumed that elevated molybdate concentrations may hamper the uptake and subsequent metabolism of sulfate, which may induce sulfur deficiency. However, our research showed that in Chinese cabbage molybdate toxicity was not due to the direct interference of molybdate with the uptake and subsequent metabolism of sulfate.
- Published
- 2019
20. Rent and financial accumulation: locating the profitability of American finance.
- Author
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Gibadullina, Albina
- Subjects
REAL economy ,NATIONAL income accounting ,LOANS ,FINANCIALIZATION ,NATIONAL income ,PROFITABILITY ,INTERMEDIATION (Finance) ,CAPITAL movements - Abstract
American finance has grown immensely profitable in the past four decades, but the precise reasons for this tremendous and sustained growth have not been sufficiently understood. The primary purpose of this paper is to explain the immense profitability of US finance by systematically examining how its sources of profit and types of profit-generating activities have changed since the onset of financialisation in the 1980s. Conceptually, the paper develops a typology of financial profit-generating activities, drawing a separation between credit intermediation, market mediation, and rentierism. Empirically, it examines the changing accumulation dynamics witnessed in US finance since the 1960s using the IRS Statistics of Income, BEA National Income and Product Accounts, and Federal Reserve Flow of Funds data. The paper identifies primary income sources for the sector as a whole and its most profitable subsectors, finding strong evidence that financial profit-making has shifted from lending to ownership and management of capital. It is argued that this transformation has fundamentally changed finance's relationship with the real economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Isolation and characterization of new phenolic siderophores with antimicrobial properties from Pseudomonas sp. UIAU-6B
- Author
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Kojo Sekyi Acquah, Rainer Ebel, Fernando Reyes, Deng Hai, Mercedes de la Cruz, Emmanuel Tope Oluwabusola, Marcel Jaspars, Digby F. Warner, Larry L Mweetwa, O. O. Adebisi, Joy E Rajakulendran, [Oluwabusola, Emmanuel T.] Univ Aberdeen, Marine Biodiscovery Ctr, Dept Chem, Aberdeen, Scotland, [Mweetwa, Larry L.] Univ Aberdeen, Marine Biodiscovery Ctr, Dept Chem, Aberdeen, Scotland, [Rajakulendran, Joy E.] Univ Aberdeen, Marine Biodiscovery Ctr, Dept Chem, Aberdeen, Scotland, [Hai, Deng] Univ Aberdeen, Marine Biodiscovery Ctr, Dept Chem, Aberdeen, Scotland, [Ebel, Rainer] Univ Aberdeen, Marine Biodiscovery Ctr, Dept Chem, Aberdeen, Scotland, [Jaspars, Marcel] Univ Aberdeen, Marine Biodiscovery Ctr, Dept Chem, Aberdeen, Scotland, [Adebisi, Olusoji O.] Univ Ilorin, Fac Life Sci, Dept Microbiol, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, [Reyes, Fernando] Fdn MEDINA, Ctr Excelencia Invest Med Innovadores Andalucia, Ave Conocimiento 34,Parque Tecnolo Ciencias Salud, E-18016 Granada, Spain, [De la Cruz, Mercedes] Fdn MEDINA, Ctr Excelencia Invest Med Innovadores Andalucia, Ave Conocimiento 34,Parque Tecnolo Ciencias Salud, E-18016 Granada, Spain, [Acquah, Kojo S.] Univ Cape Town, Wellcome Ctr Infect Dis Res Africa, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa, [Warner, Digby F.] Univ Cape Town, Wellcome Ctr Infect Dis Res Africa, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa, and TETFund, Nigeria for a University Senate Based research
- Subjects
Siderophore ,phenolic siderophores ,Phenolic siderophores ,Science ,Iron ,Organic chemistry ,Biosynthesis ,Full Research Paper ,Pseudomonas sp ,Natural-products ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,QD241-441 ,Accumulation ,pseudomonas sp ,Soil bacterium ,vancomycin-sensitive enterococcus faecium ,Threonine ,Antifungal-activity ,mycobacterium tuberculosis ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Pseudomonas ,Absolute configuration ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Salicylic-acid ,Rhizosphere ,Genome sequence ,Antibacterial activity ,pseudomonine ,Salicylic acid ,Enterococcus faecium ,vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecium - Abstract
Five new phenolic siderophores 1–5 were isolated from the organic extract of a culture broth in a modified SGG medium of Pseudomonas sp. UIAU-6B, obtained from sediments collected from the Oyun river in North Central Nigeria. The structure of the new compounds, pseudomonin A–C (1–3) and pseudomobactin A and B (4 and 5) isolated alongside two known compounds, pseudomonine (6) and salicylic acid (7), were elucidated based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR analyses. The absolute configuration of the threonine residue in compounds 1–5 was determined by Marfey analysis. The antimicrobial evaluation of compound 4 exhibited the most potent activity against vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecium VS144754, followed by 3 and 5, with MIC values ranging from 8 to 32 µg/mL. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, with MIC values of 7.8 and 15.6 µg/mL, respectively. Plausible biosynthetic hypotheses toward the new compounds 1–5 were proposed.
- Published
- 2021
22. SPACE, MATTER AND MOTION.
- Author
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DAMYANOV, PLAMEN
- Subjects
FAITH - Abstract
In my paper I consider the movement of objects in „space", taking into account the idea of preserving and accumulation of change with time. I compare this view with Newton, Leibniz and Einstein's ideas of movement, space and time. To illustrate this, I represent the movement of two objects along a straight line, as well as some dependences connected to it. I also pose questions as "Why and how the things exist?" in relation to characteristics like discernibility, equality, and change. I also address faith as an integral part of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Concentrations of lead, copper and zinc in forest soils near industrial areas
- Author
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Galyas, Éva
- Subjects
vegetation ,emission ,Naturvetenskap ,toxicity ,heavy metal ,paper mill ,accumulation ,human health ,Natural Sciences ,soil - Abstract
Environmental contamination with heavy metals, especially of soils, has been a continuousproblem worldwide since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Heavy metal emissionshave increased continuously since 1900 and the metals accumulate in the environment. Pulpand paper mill factories, and factories which produce sulphuric acid emit heavy metals,among others lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Results from previous studies showedthat the soils near factories had higher concentrations of these pollutants than the controlplace. In this study I want to determine the effects of industrial heavy metal emissions of onehistoric and one present industry on nearby soil heavy metal concentrations.Samples were taken near one historically heavily contaminated site, the old sulphite factoryin Rydöbruk (1897-1944) and near the present Stora Enso paper mill in Hyltebruk. As acontrol site, I compared these with Rocknen nature reserve area.At each site I took 6 soil samples, representing the top 15-20 cm of soil and organic material.Samples were analysed with an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and the concentrations oflead, copper and zinc were determined per ashed dry material.I analyzed the samples at the laboratory using the guideline from the Swedish StandardInstitute for water analysis.The concentrations of the soil samples showed no significant difference between the naturereserve area and the industrial sites (One-way ANOVA). This was due to very variableorganic content within and between the sites.Organic content of the samples has a significantly effect on the metal concentrations for Pband Cu (Linear Regression test). In conclusion, metals can accumulate in the vegetation, andin case of Pb and Cu there is a correlation between their concentration and the amount oforganic matter. Therefore in future studies it is best if soil with very high organic content orvegetation is used to determine if forest soil near industries are affected by past or presentindustrial emissions of heavy metals.
- Published
- 2019
24. Influence of Relative Humidity on Germination and Metal Accumulation in Vigna radiata Exposed to Metal-based Nanoparticles
- Author
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S. Sivakumar, Eun-Sang Jung, Pyong-In Yi, Sung-Chul Hong, Jeong-Min Suh, and Seong-Ho Jang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Radiata ,Geography, Planning and Development ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Metal ,Vigna ,Relative humidity ,Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,cdo ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Filter paper ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Humidity ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,humanities ,cuo ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,germination ,Germination ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,accumulation ,metal-based nanoparticle ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
The effect of single (0.1, 1, and 10 mg L-1) and binary mixtures (0.1 + 0.1, 1 + 1, and 10 + 10 mg L-1) of metal-based nanoparticles (CdO and CuO) on the germination of Vigna radiata was studied under two humidity ranges (70% and 80%). Filter paper-based tests were conducted. The surface-sterilized seeds were exposed to CdO and CuO under controlled environmental conditions (70% and 80% humidity at 35 °, C). Germination rates were scored after 24 h and 48 h. The accumulation of metals was tested in seedlings after 48 h using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Compared with 70% humidity, the germination rate was higher under 80% humidity in all tested conditions. The germination rate of the CdO + CuO treatment was less than that of the single metal exposure under both humidities (70% and 80%) at 48 h. By two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we found that germination was greatly influenced by humidity. The accumulation of metal was higher in the CuO test than in the CdO test. Metal accumulation was concentration and humidity dependent, except for Cd accumulation in the CdO + CuO treatment. Here we show that the germination of seeds depends on the humidity and concentration of metal oxide nanoparticles. Understanding these strategies in seeds might help to avoid environmental and chemical stress and improve crop yield.
- Published
- 2020
25. The under-investigated plastic threat on seagrasses worldwide: a comprehensive review
- Author
-
Ciaralli, Laura, Rotini, Alice, Scalici, Massimiliano, Battisti, Corrado, Chiesa, Stefania, Christoforou, Eleni, Libralato, Giovanni, and Manfra, Loredana
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Deciphering myeloid-derived suppressor cells: isolation and markers in humans, mice and non-human primates
- Author
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Marco A. Cassatella, Anna Bujko, Espen S. Baekkevold, Sven Brandau, Ang Lin, Gosse J. Adema, Patrizia Scapini, Carsten Krieg, Karin Loré, Olivia Marini, Mikael Roussel, Anca Dorhoi, Viktor Umansky, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Luca Cassetta, University of Edinburgh, University of Oslo (UiO), Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen), Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Medical University of South Carolina [Charleston] (MUSC), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Microenvironment, Cell Differentiation, Immunology and Cancer (MICMAC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Wellcome Trust [101067/Z/13/Z], Medical Research Council [MR/N022556/1], Dutch cancer Society [KUN2013-6111, 11266], COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), COST Action [BM1404], Villa Joep, de STOPHT stichting, China Scholarship Council, Karolinska Institutet, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC) [IG20339], Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca [PRIN 2015YYKPNN], Jonchère, Laurent, University of Verona (UNIVR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Myeloid ,Mouse ,Neutrophils ,Cancer development and immune defence Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 2] ,Human ,Mye-EUNITER ,Myeloid-derived suppressor cells ,Non-human primates ,Medizin ,DONORS ,Cell Separation ,Disease ,Symposium-in-Writing Paper ,ARGINASE ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Immunology and Allergy ,biology ,HUMAN NEUTROPHILS ,EXPANSION ,CANCER ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Antibody ,medicine.symptom ,EXPRESSION ,Primates ,BONE-MARROW ,Immunology ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Inflammation ,Context (language use) ,Immunophenotyping ,03 medical and health sciences ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,Immune system ,[SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Mass cytometry ,ACCUMULATION ,Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells ,IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE ACTIVITY ,Biology and Life Sciences ,T-CELLS ,biology.protein ,Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell ,Biomarkers ,030215 immunology - Abstract
International audience; In cancer, infection and inflammation, the immune system's function can be dysregulated. Instead of fighting disease, immune cells may increase pathology and suppress host-protective immune responses. Myeloid cells show high plasticity and adapt to changing conditions and pathological challenges. Despite their relevance in disease pathophysiology, the identity, heterogeneity and biology of myeloid cells is still poorly understood. We will focus on phenotypical and functional markers of one of the key myeloid regulatory subtypes, the myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), in humans, mice and non-human primates. Technical issues regarding the isolation of the cells from tissues and blood, timing and sample handling of MDSC will be detailed. Localization of MDSC in a tissue context is of crucial importance and immunohistochemistry approaches for this purpose are discussed. A minimal antibody panel for MDSC research is provided as part of the Mye-EUNITER COST action. Strategies for the identification of additional markers applying state of the art technologies such as mass cytometry will be highlighted. Such marker sets can be used to study MDSC phenotypes across tissues, diseases as well as species and will be crucial to accelerate MDSC research in health and disease.
- Published
- 2019
27. Latin American Development in Historical Perspective: Capital Accumulation through Primary-Commodity Production and Ground-Rent Appropriation.
- Author
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Grinberg, Nicolás
- Subjects
- *
RENT , *SOCIAL reproduction , *PRICES , *RAW materials , *ECONOMIC history - Abstract
The paper challenges mainstream theories of Latin American development, showing their theoretical weaknesses and pointing to their role in ideologically mediating the region's 'truncated' capitalism. To that end, the paper presents an alternative view of Latin American development that starts by considering capitalist social reproduction as a worldwide process and regional/national politico-economic development as mediations in the structuring of global capital accumulation. Latin America's specific variety of capitalism is understood to have emerged from its original transformation by expanding European capital into a place to produce raw materials under favourable natural conditions. On the one hand, this has reduced their price and that of the labour-power directly or indirectly consuming them; on the other, it has resulted in a flow of surplus-value towards the owners of those natural conditions of production. The historical development of Latin American societies has expressed the partial overcoming of that antagonistic relationship between rent-paying capital and rent-appropriating landed property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Activity Concentrations of Cs-137, Sr-90, Am-241, Pu-238, and Pu-239+240 and an Assessment of Pollution Sources Based on Isotopic Ratio Calculations and the HYSPLIT Model in Tundra Landscapes (Subarctic Zone of Russia).
- Author
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Puchkov, Andrey and Yakovlev, Evgeny
- Subjects
CESIUM isotopes ,STRONTIUM isotopes ,ATMOSPHERIC deposition ,POLLUTION ,RADIOISOTOPES ,AIR masses ,ANALYSIS of river sediments - Abstract
The paper is devoted to the assessment of the content of anthropogenic radionuclides in tundra landscapes of the subarctic zone of Russia. The authors of the article studied the features of accumulation and migration of anthropogenic radionuclides and identified probable sources of their entry into environmental objects. Peat samples were collected on the territory of the Kaninskaya Tundra of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Northwest Russia). A total of 46 samples were taken. The following parameters were determined in each peat sample: (1) activity and pollution density of anthropogenic radionuclides; (2) isotopic ratios of anthropogenic radionuclides; (3) activity ratios of each radionuclide for layers 10–20 cm and 0–10 cm. The results of the studies showed that the pollution density of the Nes River basin with the radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 is up to 4.85 × 10
3 Bq×m−2 and 1.88 × 103 Bq×m−2 , respectively, which is 2–5 times higher than the available data for the Kanin tundra, as well as for Russia and the world as a whole. The data obtained for Am-241, Pu-238, and Pu-239+240 showed insignificant activity of these radionuclides and generally correspond to the values for other tundra areas in Russia and the world. It was found that some tundra areas ("peat lowlands") are characterized by increased radionuclide content due to the process of accumulation and migration along the vertical profile. Calculations of isotope ratios Sr-90/Cs-137, Pu-238/Pu-239+240, Pu-239+240/Cs-137, Am-241/Pu-239+240 and air mass trajectories based on the HYSPLIT model showed that the main sources of anthropogenic radionuclide contamination are global atmospheric fallout and the Chernobyl accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Phenanthrene uptake and translocation by Panicum miliaceum L. tissues: an experimental study in an artificial environment.
- Author
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Tarigholizadeh, Sarieh, Motafakkerazad, Rouhollah, Salehi-Lisar, Seyed Yahya, Mohajel Kazemi, Elham, Sushkova, Svetlana, and Minkina, Tatiana
- Subjects
BROOMCORN millet ,PHENANTHRENE ,POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons ,PLANT translocation ,NUTRIENT uptake ,PLANT cells & tissues ,PHYTOREMEDIATION ,POLLUTANTS - Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as priority organic pollutants, are capable of accumulation in plants. Phenanthrene (Phe) is one of the most abundant low-molecular-weight PAH in the environment which is commonly used as a model PAH in many phytoremediation studies and as a representative compound for all PAHs group. This paper highlights the uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Phe by growing proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in a pot experiment, subjected to 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm of Phe treatment after 15 and 30 days. Phe naturally existed in P. miliaceum and its concentration showed a time-dependent reduction in treated plant tissues as well as in perlites. Phe concentration in shoots was higher than in roots. During the aging process, the uptake of Phe was diminished whereas translocation factor (TF) demonstrated an overall increasing trend among treatments. The shoot concentration factor (SCF) values were higher than those of root concentration factor (RCF) on both days 15 and 30 and the highest values for both parameters were achieved in 500 ppm of Phe. Both RCFs and SCFs generally tended to decrease with the increase of perlite Phe concentrations. These results suggested that Phe tended to transfer to the shoots and be metabolized there. The Phe concentration revealed a significant decline in all levels of treatment on both 15 (84 to 96%) and 30 (76 to 94%) days. Therefore, the presence of P. miliaceum was effective in promoting the phytoremediation of Phe polluted perlites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Factors influencing ember accumulation near a building.
- Author
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Quarles, Stephen L., Standohar-Alfano, Christine, Hedayati, Faraz, and Gorham, Daniel J.
- Subjects
WIND speed ,FLAMMABLE materials ,SURFACE roughness ,HOME safety ,FOREST fires ,FLAME spread ,WIND power plants - Abstract
Background: Embers, also known as firebrands, are the leading cause of building ignition during wildland–urban fires. This is attributed both to direct ignition of material on, in, or attached to the building, and indirect ignition where they ignite vegetation or other combustible material near the building, which results in a radiant heat and/or direct flame contact exposure that ignites the building. Indirect ignition of a building can occur when embers accumulate on and ignite nearby combustible fuel, resulting in radiant heat or flame constant exposure. Aims/implications: Factors that influence ember accumulation near a building include building geometry, such as flat wall and re-entrant corners, building wind angle, wind speed and the surface roughness characteristics of the horizontal landscape close to the building. Methods: Experiments conducted at the Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety (IBHS) Research Center using full-scale buildings with the above-mentioned factors provided a means to quantify ember accumulation on a mass per unit area basis. Key results: Ember accumulation was greatest at locations immediately adjacent to the building and higher wind speeds allowed more embers to reach the building. Conclusions: The work presented in this paper provides data and insight on wind-blown ember accumulation near a full-scale building. Full-scale experiments were conducted to study the factors that influence ember accumulation near a building including building geometry, such as flat wall and re-entrant corners, building wind angle, wind speed and the surface roughness characteristics of the horizontal landscape close to the building. (This paper is part of a Special Issue that includes papers on research presented at the IX International Conference on Forest Fire Research, Coimbra, Portugal, November.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effect of recycled content and rPET quality on the properties of PET bottles, part III : Modelling of repetitive recycling
- Author
-
Fresia Alvarado Chacon, Eggo Ulphard Thoden van Velzen, and M.T. Brouwer
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Particle contamination ,business.product_category ,Pellets ,Collection system ,Part iii ,modelling ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,contamination ,BBP Sustainable Chemistry & Technology ,Bottle ,Polyethylene terephthalate ,General Materials Science ,PET bottles ,recycled content ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Mechanical Engineering ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Chemistry ,Contamination ,Pulp and paper industry ,040401 food science ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,business ,accumulation - Abstract
The presence of contaminants in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and derived materials from the various steps in the recycling loop is studied. Based on these measurements, a model is proposed to generically describe the accumulation of these contaminants within closed‐loop recycling schemes for PET bottles. The measured levels of particle contamination and chlorine content of PET bottles, pellets, and intermediate recycling products are used to derive the modelling parameters. Previously determined relations between these measured parameters and critical bottle properties are used to model the effect of the accumulation of the contaminants on the bottle properties. The measurements reveal that the type of collection system influences the accumulation of contaminants in PET bottles greatly. PET bottles in mono‐collection systems accumulate less contaminants than PET bottles in co‐collection systems do. Therefore, PET bottles within recycling schemes using mono‐collection systems can contain more recycled content than those from co‐collection systems, without exceeding acceptation limits on critical bottle properties such as haziness, yellowing, and migration.
- Published
- 2020
32. Settlers, Workers, and the Logic of Accumulation by Dispossession.
- Author
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Englert, Sai
- Subjects
COLONISTS ,COLONIES ,LABOR ,PERPETUITIES ,EVICTION ,ZIONISM - Abstract
This article offers a critique of the Wolfe-an model, which has become so dominant within contemporary Settler Colonial Studies (SCS). It focuses particularly on the central claim made by Patrick Wolfe, and others after him, that settler colonialism is categorically differentiated from other forms of colonialism by its drive to "eliminate the native", instead of exploiting them. This paper builds on the literature that shows how settler colonies have used elimination as well as exploitation in their relations with indigenous peoples--even transitioning from one to the other. Instead, the paper argues that focusing on accumulation by dispossession allows for an analysis of the specificity of settler social relations to emerge. It highlights the specific ways in which settlers collectively expropriate indigenous peoples and struggle amongst different settler classes over the distribution of the colonial loot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Notes on the accumulation and utilization of capital: Some theoretical issues.
- Author
-
Nikiforos, Michalis
- Subjects
CAPITAL gains ,TRIANGLES ,MACROECONOMICS - Abstract
This paper discusses some issues related to the triangle between capital accumulation, distribution, and capacity utilization. First, it explains why utilization is a crucial variable for the various theories of growth and distribution, and, more precisely, with regards to their ability to combine an autonomous role for demand (along Keynesian lines) and an institutionally determined distribution (along classical lines). Second, it responds to some recent criticism by Girardi and Pariboni (2019) and I explain that their interpretation of the model in Nikiforos (2013) is misguided, and that the results of the model can be extended to the case of a monopolist. Third, it provides some concrete examples on why demand is a determinant for the long‐run rate of utilization of capital. Finally, it argues that when it comes to the normal rate of utilization it is the expected growth rate of demand that matters, and not the level of demand. This insight provides a more straightforward way to link the adjustment at the micro and the macro level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Mud Receiving Area Were Retrieved by InSAR and Interpolation.
- Author
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Hu, Bo and Qiao, Zhongya
- Subjects
SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,INTERPOLATION algorithms ,EMBANKMENTS ,INTERPOLATION ,RADAR interferometry ,SYNTHETIC apertures ,SOIL mechanics ,RADAR interference - Abstract
The mud receiving area is an important sand storage area for dredging sea sand reclamation and sand-dumping in the waterway. The sediment accumulation area generated in the process of sand dumping and sand storage has an impact on the surrounding transportation facilities and the normal use of the entire sand storage area. From 6 August 2021 to 9 May 2022, The Sentinel-1A 24-view SLC data covering the sludge area were used to monitor the safety around the seawall road by InSAR technology. Synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry (Differential InSAR, D-InSAR) technology can obtain surface micro deformation information through single-time differential interference processing, mainly used for sudden surface deformation. D-InSAR technology detected five accumulation areas with a thickness of more than 10 cm near the seawall road, earth embankment, and cofferdam, and TS-InSAR (Time series InSAR) technology was used to retrieve the deformation of the surrounding road. The road settlement is a slight settlement distributed between ±5 mm/a. This paper uses the leveling results combined with variance analysis to verify the fusion of different TS-InSAR methods while considering the area of data loss due to causes such as loss of coherence. This paper also considers the common ground continuity and uses the adjacent interpolation and bilinear interpolation algorithm to improve knowledge of the study area seawall road and the surrounding soil embankment deformation data of the road. Compared with the leveling data, the difference between the missing data and the leveling data after interpolation is stable at about 1–7 mm, which increases the risk level of part of the road which needs to be maintained. It provides a reference method to make up for the missing data caused by ground incoherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. التحكيمات المؤسساتية للنظام الريعي في الجزائر.
- Author
-
سمير بلال
- Abstract
Copyright of El-Bahith is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
36. Comprehensive Physics of Third Quadrant Characteristics for Accumulation- and Inversion-Channel 1.2-kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs.
- Author
-
Han, Kijeong and Baliga, B. J.
- Subjects
METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors ,PHYSICS ,ELECTRIC potential ,ELECTRON transport ,POTENTIAL barrier ,INVERSION (Geophysics) ,MAGNETOTELLURICS - Abstract
Detailed physics of the third quadrant electrical characteristics of 1.2-kV rated 4H-SiC accumulation (Acc) and inversion (Inv) channel MOSFETs, based on experimentally measured data and TCAD numerical simulations, are described in this paper for the first time. The power MOSFETs with various channel lengths (0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1 $\mu \text{m}$) used in this paper were fabricated in a 6-in commercial foundry. Numerical simulations verified that there are two current paths in the third quadrant: 1) through the base region and 2) through the p-n body diode. This paper demonstrates that the Acc MOSFETs have a smaller third quadrant knee voltage (${V}_{{\text {knee}}})$ of −1.2 V compared with −1.9 V for the Inv MOSFETs (at ${V}_{g} = {0}$ V and room temperature). Numerical simulations show that this difference is due to a smaller potential barrier for electron transport from the drain to the source in the base region for accumulation channel devices than inversion channel devices. Acc devices are shown to have a lower voltage drop in the third quadrant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Notes on the accumulation and utilization of capital: Some empirical issues.
- Subjects
CAPITAL cities ,WORKWEEK - Abstract
The paper makes three contributions. First, it provides an in‐depth examination of the Federal Reserve measure of capacity utilization and shows that it is closer to a cyclical indicator than a measure of long‐run variations of normal utilization. Other measures, such as the Average Workweek of Capital or the National Emergency Utilization Rate are more appropriate for examining long‐run changes in utilization. Second, and related to that, it argues that a relatively stationary measure of utilization is not consistent with any theory of the determination of utilization. Third, based on data on the lifetime of fixed assets it shows that for the issues around the "utilization controversy" the long run is a period after thirty years or more. This makes it a platonic idea for some economic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. How do cryptochromes and UVR8 interact in natural and simulated sunlight?
- Author
-
J. B. Winkler, Luis Orlando Morales, Pedro J. Aphalo, Tarja Lehto, Mikael Brosché, Neha Rai, Yan Yan, Sari Siipola, Fang Wang, Anders V. Lindfors, Andreas Albert, Susanne Neugart, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Plant Biology, Plant stress and natural variation, and Sensory and Physiological Ecology of Plants (SenPEP)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,UVR8 ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ,Physiology ,Flavonoid ,Mutant ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Cryptochrome ,Arabidopsis ,Gene expression ,1183 Plant biology, microbiology, virology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,sun simulator ,SYNTHASE GENE-EXPRESSION ,biology ,BLUE-LIGHT ,food and beverages ,ARABIDOPSIS ,Research Papers ,STRESS ACCLIMATION ,Sunlight ,Signal transduction ,photoreceptor interaction ,B-INDUCED PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS ,ultraviolet radiation ,Arabidopsis Thaliana ,Blue Light ,Cryptochromes ,Flavonoids ,Photoreceptor Interaction ,Solar Radiation ,Sun Simulator ,Transcript Abundance ,Ultraviolet Radiation ,Uvr8 ,Ultraviolet Rays ,solar radiation ,SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION ,03 medical and health sciences ,TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR HY5 ,ACCUMULATION ,030304 developmental biology ,IDENTIFICATION ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,transcript abundance ,biology.organism_classification ,blue light ,cryptochromes ,OCCURRING FLAVONOID GLYCOSIDES ,chemistry ,Plant—Environment Interactions ,flavonoids ,Biophysics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) and UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptors perceive UV-A/blue (315–500 nm) and UV-B (280–315 nm) radiation in plants, respectively. While the roles of CRYs and UVR8 have been studied in separate controlled-environment experiments, little is known about the interaction between these photoreceptors. Here, Arabidopsis wild-type Ler, CRYs and UVR8 photoreceptor mutants (uvr8-2, cry1cry2 and cry1cry2uvr8-2), and a flavonoid biosynthesis-defective mutant (tt4) were grown in a sun simulator. Plants were exposed to filtered radiation for 17 d or for 6 h, to study the effects of blue, UV-A, and UV-B radiation. Both CRYs and UVR8 independently enabled growth and survival of plants under solar levels of UV, while their joint absence was lethal under UV-B. CRYs mediated gene expression under blue light. UVR8 mediated gene expression under UV-B radiation, and in the absence of CRYs, also under UV-A. This negative regulation of UVR8-mediated gene expression by CRYs was also observed for UV-B. The accumulation of flavonoids was also consistent with this interaction between CRYs and UVR8. In conclusion, we provide evidence for an antagonistic interaction between CRYs and UVR8 and a role of UVR8 in UV-A perception., Absence of cryptochromes enhanced UVR8-mediated transcript abundance in response to UV-B and UV-Asw. These photoreceptors independently enabled growth and survival of plants in sunlight, while their simultaneous absence was lethal.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Role of Knowledge in Economic Life — From Bacon to Marshall.
- Author
-
Prendergast, Renee
- Subjects
- *
SCIENTIFIC knowledge , *BACON , *EIGHTEENTH century , *TWENTIETH century , *HUMAN capital - Abstract
The paper seeks to uncover a long-submerged tradition that saw knowledge accumulation as the main driver of development. This vision was ubiquitous until the late 18th century when, with the advent of the machine age, the focus shifted from knowledge accumulation to capital accumulation. Emphasis on knowledge did not disappear completely. Some argued that the knowledge embedded in human agents and not capital was the source of productivity gains while others emphasised the role of technological and scientific knowledge alongside capital accumulation. By the early decades of the 20th century, the economic role of science had become more salient and by the end of that century, the idea that knowledge accumulation has a central role in progress was again taken for granted. The paper suggests that by focusing the kinds of knowledge we have; and how that knowledge is stored, transmitted, made use of, and extended; we can learn much about how specific social relations of production facilitate or retard development, about who gets the rewards, and how relations of production may need to change to allow knowledge itself to develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Basin-Scale Hydraulic Evaluation of Groundwater Flow Controlled Biogenic Gas Migration and Accumulation in the Central Pannonian Basin.
- Author
-
Czauner, Brigitta, Szabó, Zsóka, Márton, Béla, and Mádl-Szőnyi, Judit
- Subjects
GROUNDWATER flow ,GAS migration ,SEDIMENTARY basins ,LEAD ,EVALUATION methodology ,NATURAL gas prospecting - Abstract
Biogenic or microbial methane has an increasing share in the global gas resource base, though its exploration still faces challenges and welcomes innovations. Critical elements of its migration and accumulation models are the groundwater flows which gather and transport the gas in aqueous solution, and the seal rocks or aquifers which lead groundwater flows horizontally over great distances. This paper intends to introduce the hydraulic trap concept into these models, which is able to drive fluids horizontally without an overlying seal rock. Since hydraulic traps can evolve as a result of the interplay of regional groundwater flow systems, the basin-scale hydraulic evaluation methodology which was developed for the analysis of these systems was further improved by this study to focus on their interplay. The improved methodology was applied on measured hydraulic data in a study area in the Central Pannonian Basin (Hungary) around the Hajdúszoboszló gas field where as a result, the first groundwater flow controlled dissolved biogenic gas migration and accumulation model could be set up. In addition, the proposed methodology can be used in any terrestrial sedimentary basin, and in particular, where topography-driven flow systems are underlaid by an abnormal pressure regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Съвременни морфодинамични процеси и наслаги в Западно Средногорие и Краище.
- Author
-
Ризова, Радостина, Съчков, Димитър, and Сачански, Валери
- Subjects
AUTOMATIC meteorological stations ,RELIEF models ,LANDFORMS ,TOPOGRAPHY ,EROSION - Abstract
The present paper addresses investigation of modern morphodynamic processes, which lead to relief modelling on one hand and the formation of new landforms and deposits on the other. Erosional, denudational and gravitational landforms and deposits were observed in three key areas in the Zavalska Mountain (Western Srednogorie), Strazha and Lyubash (Kraishte). The aim of this study is to trace the intensity of exogenous landforming processes, to characterize the deposits and elucidate the connection between the geological base, the topography and the local hydroclimatic conditions for their genesis and dynamics. To achieve this goal, field and laboratory methods were employed, as well as data from an automatic weather station in the territory of the Breznik Municipality. Despite the short observation period of three months, the data reveal significant dynamics, rendering the selected study areas interesting for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Fluorescent carbon dot embedded polystyrene: an alternative for micro/nanoplastic translocation study in leguminous plants
- Author
-
Gopinath, Nigina, Karthikeyan, Akash, Joseph, Abey, Vijayan, Athira S., Vandana, Sajith, and Nair, Baiju G.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Interactive Effects of Selenium and Arsenic on their Accumulation, Translocation, Arsenic and Selenium Species, and Subcellular Distribution in Brassica Vegetables
- Author
-
Qin, Yuyan, Wang, Yunru, Shi, Pengtao, Wu, Feng, Zhong, Yunjie, Li, Hong, and Shan, Bin
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Navigating the contradictory dynamics of production and social reproduction in collectively owned agricultural enterprises in South Africa's land reform.
- Author
-
Bunce, Brittany, Hornby, Donna, and Cousins, Ben
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL reproduction , *LAND reform , *AGRICULTURAL industries , *SOCIAL enterprises , *ANIMAL herds , *SOCIAL dynamics , *PROPERTY rights - Abstract
The paper explores how beneficiaries of South Africa's land reform programme attempt to navigate the contradictory dynamics of production and social reproduction in collectively owned agricultural enterprises. The Mphuzanyoni Communal Property Association in KwaZulu‐Natal province farms with commercial beef herds and the Mayime Cooperative in the Eastern Cape province is engaged in a joint venture dairy farming scheme in partnership with an agribusiness firm. Severe tensions are evident between the social reproduction of households and the requirements of simple or expanded reproduction of agricultural enterprises. Bernstein's concept of competing 'funds' is used to examine struggles over production and reproduction on the farms, in which members of socially differentiated households contest divergent visions for the collective enterprises. Conflicts centre on how labour and capital should be mobilised, how income and other benefits in kind should be distributed to households and whether or not income should be invested for purposes of simple or expanded reproduction of the enterprise. Challenges of governance are rooted in these conflicts rather than in group ownership as a form of property right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. FL-926-16, a novel bioavailable carnosinase-resistant carnosine derivative, prevents onset and stops progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice
- Author
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Iacobini, C., Menini, S., Blasetti Fantauzzi, C., Pesce, C. M., Giaccari, A., Salomone, E., Lapolla, A., Orioli, M., Aldini, G., and Pugliese, G.
- Subjects
Male ,Dipeptidases ,Animals ,Biological Availability ,Carnosine ,Cells, Cultured ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Mice ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice, Transgenic ,Random Allocation ,Disease Progression ,renal injury ,Cells ,design ,receptor-mediated mechanisms ,Inbred C57BL ,Transgenic ,lipid-peroxidation ,induced glomerular injury ,glycation end-products ,apoe-null mice ,kidney-disease ,atherosclerosis ,accumulation ,Pharmacology ,Cultured ,Settore MED/13 - ENDOCRINOLOGIA ,Research Papers ,Nephropathy - Abstract
The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by promoting renal inflammation and injury. L-carnosine acts as a quencher of the AGE precursors reactive carbonyl species (RCS), but is rapidly inactivated by carnosinase. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FL-926-16, a carnosinase-resistant and bioavailable carnosine derivative, on the onset and progression of DN in db/db mice.Adult male db/db mice and coeval db/m controls were left untreated or treated with FL-926-16 (30 mg·kgIn the prevention protocol, FL-926-16 significantly attenuated increases in creatinine (-80%), albuminuria (-77%), proteinuria (-75%), mean glomerular area (-34%), fractional (-40%) and mean (-42%) mesangial area in db/db mice. This protective effect was associated with a reduction in glomerular matrix protein expression and cell apoptosis, circulating and tissue oxidative and carbonyl stress, and renal inflammatory markers, including the NLRP3 inflammasome. In the regression protocol, the progression of DN was completely blocked, although not reversed, by FL-926-16. In cultured mesangial cells, FL-926-16 prevented NLRP3 expression induced by RCS but not by the AGE NFL-926-16 is effective at preventing the onset of DN and halting its progression in db/db mice by quenching RCS, thereby reducing the accumulation of their protein adducts and the consequent inflammatory response. In a future perspective, this novel compound may represent a promising AGE-reducing approach for DN therapy.
- Published
- 2018
46. Estratégias de territorialização das corporações agroextrativistas na América Latina : o caso da indústria de celulose no Brasil
- Author
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Marini Perpetua, Guilherme, Kröger, Antti Markus, Thomaz Junior, Antonio, and Globala utvecklingsstudier
- Subjects
4112 Forestry ,Pulp and paper industry ,5203 Global Development Studies ,Latin America ,Accumulation ,education ,BRAZIL ,1172 Environmental sciences - Published
- 2017
47. ACCUMULATION OF COPPER IN VEGETABLES AND FRUITS.
- Author
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Pruteanu, Augustina, Voicea, Iulian, and Fatu, Viorel
- Subjects
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SOIL pollution , *VEGETABLE contamination , *FRUIT contamination , *POLLUTION , *COPPER bioaccumulation - Abstract
Soil pollution is a component that contributes to the increase of environmental pollution. The level of soil pollution is given by its degree of contamination with various pollutants, heavy metals, etc. Because agricultural products in general, respectively fruits and vegetables in this case, extract water and nutrients from the soil to develop, it is necessary to study how a certain degree of soil contamination leads to obtaining crops which contain a percentage of those toxic elements that can produce long-term sickness in people who currently consume such contaminated products. The paper presents the accumulation and transfer of copper from soil to vegetables (radishes and carrots, parsley and spinach leaves), berries (strawberries, black currants) and plums. In the experiments, fertile soil was used in which different amounts of copper sulphate were added (c1 = 33.2 mg⋅kg-1, c2 = 72.4 mg⋅kg-1, c3 = 265.1 mg⋅kg-1, c4 = 378.2 mg⋅kg-1) in four concentrations, taking as reference a sample of uncontaminated soil (c0 = 17.6 mg⋅kg-1). The resulting and well-homogenized soil was added to pots in which vegetable seeds, shrubs and trees in the second year of fruiting were planted. The paper aims to highlight the presence of copper in soils and its accumulation in the vegetative parts of vegetables and fruit consumed by humans. The correct diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies in plants is important in maintaining their growth and development. Excessive accumulation of heavy metals is a danger to the health of the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Employing q˜ -rung picture fuzzy Frank accumulation operators for decision-making strategy.
- Author
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Chitra, R. and Prabakaran, K.
- Subjects
AGGREGATION operators ,DECISION making ,FUZZY arithmetic ,FUZZY sets ,PICTURES - Abstract
Accumulation of q ˜ -rung picture fuzzy information plays an essential part in decision-making situations. q ˜ -rung picture fuzzy sets can handle the uncertain information more precisely and flexibly because of the presence of parameter q ˜. Also the Frank t-norm and t-conorm operations perform suitably for the data accumulation with the operational parameter. In this paper, we introduce q ˜ -Rung picture fuzzy Frank weighted averaging operator and q ˜ -rung picture fuzzy Frank weighted geometric operator by extending q ˜ -rung orthopair fuzzy Frank arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators respectively. We establish an algorithm to address the tedious decision-making problems using these operators. Eventually, we discuss a multiple attribute decision-making problem to demonstrate the utility and efficacy of the proposed method. A comparison of existing methods is made to reveal the supremacy and benefits of our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Accumulation of mercury in the terrestrial food chain of the Liaohe estuary wetlands, China.
- Author
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Wang, Yuqi, Zheng, Dongmei, Ma, Huanchi, Li, Huiying, and Wang, Bing
- Subjects
FOOD chains ,NITROGEN isotopes ,MERCURY ,HEAVY metals ,CHRYSOMELIDAE ,BEACHES ,STABLE isotopes ,WETLANDS - Abstract
Mercury is a global pollutant that can be enriched in organisms and eventually endanger human health. In this paper, we studied the soil, plants, and animals in the sandy beach, winged alkali pong wetland, reed wetland, and rice field in Liaohe estuary in 2018 and 2019, measured the plant and animal carbon and stable nitrogen isotopes, and carried out the food chain construction by animal carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes, and studied and analyzed the accumulation of mercury from the producer to the consumer of the food chain. The results showed that the food chain construction at the sampling sites was as follows: S
1 : plants < flesh worms, ants < spiders; S4 : plants < moths, leaf beetles, mosquitoes, ants < spiders; S6 : plants < mosquitoes < spiders; S7 : plants < flattened hooks, mosquitoes, ants < spiders; S9 : plants < ants < spiders. The range of Hg in soil: S1 : 0.087–0.175 mg/kg; S2 : 0.035–0.197 mg/kg; S3 : 0.089–0.249 mg/kg; S4 : 0.050–0.167 mg/kg; S5 : 0.024–0.150 mg/kg; S6 : 0.066–0.152 mg/kg. S7 : 0.035–0.165 mg/kg; S8 : 0.026–0.083 mg/kg; S9 : 0.035–0.191 mg/kg. The range of Hg in plant samples: S1 : 0.019–0.242 mg/kg; S2 : 0.019–0.161 mg/kg; S3 : 0.025–0.142 mg/ kg; S4: 0.010–0.120 mg/kg; S5 : 0.015–0.269 mg/kg; S6 : 0.040–0.079 mg/kg; S7 : 0.014–0.300 mg/kg; S8 : 0.020–0.100 mg/kg; S9 : 0.022–0.208 mg/kg. Constructing the food chain of In animal samples, the accumulation of Hg: S1 : 0.061–0.355 mg/kg; S3 : 0.082–0.198 mg/kg; S4 : 0.051–0.230 mg/kg; S6 : 0.032–0.449 mg/kg; S7 : 0.078–0.195 mg/kg; S9 : 0.086–0.189 mg/kg By comparing the data, the annual accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plant samples showed an increasing trend and combined with the trophic level relationship of the food chain, it was found that the accumulation trend of heavy metals increased step by step with the trophic level of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mobilizing 'impermaculture': Temporary urban agriculture and the sustainability fix.
- Author
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McCann, Eugene, McClintock, Nathan, and Miewald, Christiana
- Abstract
This paper addresses the alliance between some urban agriculturalists, developers, and the local state in promoting a certain type of 'green urbanism' through what we call 'impermaculture'. Impermaculture is a model of urban agriculture whereby some urban farmers approach their impermanence – the possibility of their operations being replaced by higher value developments – less as a threat to be avoided, as traditionally understood in the literature, and more as an intended modus operandi to which they are committed. We discuss how they use lightweight and portable growing containers, planter beds, greenhouses, and livestock pens to operate within and enhance contemporary regimes of development in global North cities. We identify a spatio-temporal impermanence that stands in contrast to classic understandings of sustainability fixes as either a form of greenwashing or as spatial fixes involving the sinking of capital into construction of a 'greener' built environment. In what follows, we develop a conceptual framework that will facilitate these contributions and provide a language for discussing cases of impermaculture in Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, British Columbia. We discuss how urban agriculture is mobilized as part of the sustainability fix in the two cities. We first demonstrate how impermaculture emerges as a means of stabilizing the fix which is always prone to coming apart, or fracturing. We then draw on two examples – goat husbandry in Portland and temporary gardens in Vancouver – to demonstrate how urban agriculturalists are embracing and leveraging impermanence. This 'impermaculture by design' not only marks a new form of urban agriculture in the neoliberal city but shores up and temporally rescales the sustainability fix while providing urban agriculture initiatives stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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