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Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world with a diverse array of traditional food, including main dishes, snacks, and indigenous beverages. The paper aims to explore the cultural significance, historical and philosophical perspectives, production, physicochemical properties, recent development studies, and the safety, shelf life and microbiological aspect of wajik, a traditional Javanese food. Wajik originated during the Majapahit era in Central and East Java and is still significant today in ceremonial events. Wajik, rooted in the Javanese phrase "wani tumindak becik", symbolizes courageous pursuit of righteousness and reflects the unwavering commitment to virtuous actions, with its etymological link to diamond-shaped playing cards. Wajik is an officially recognized semi-wet snack made from glutinous rice, palm sugar, and coconut milk, with a distinctive texture and delightful, sweet taste, typically served as a leisure snack due to its parallelogram shape, semi-wet texture, and slight stickiness, requiring specific equipment and standardized ingredients for production. Some strategies have been developed to increase the quality, value added, and to prolong the shelf life of wajik through innovative packaging, food safety system implementation, and product reformulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the role of Islamic faith‐based organisations (FBOs) in Indonesia and examines the way in which their disaster recovery aid can be successful or less successful depending on social capital formation in communities affected by a disaster. The paper argues that Islamic FBOs play a prominent role in disaster‐affected communities by building new social capital or strengthening existing social capital. Failure to do so may affect a community's recovery and its long‐term resilience. Applying a framework that considers three types of social capital—bonding, bridging, and linking—from a comparative perspective, the paper discusses two cases of disaster recovery: one following the earthquake that struck Aceh in 2013; and the other after the Mount Kelud volcanic eruptions in East Java in 2014. In both instances, the findings highlight the importance of the village facilitator, cultural sensitivity, and understanding of local indigenous and religious practices for successful disaster recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Council of Indonesian Muslim Scholar (MUI) has strategic position in Indonesia. It becomes the big umbrella of Islamic Mass Organiation in Indonesia. MUI was designed by Soeharto's era as the media of the communication between Government and Ulama in one side but in other side to support the policy of the government in Soeharto Era. This paper wants to examine and explore related to the role of MUI in the process of positivisation of fatwa in Indonesia. Indonesia is not an Islamic country but also not a secular country, but the presence of MUI as a "semi-government institution" is enough to give color to the process of forming rules and public policies in Indonesia. The MUI fatwa often contains an appeal to the central and regional governments to make policies in accordance with the main content of the fatwa. For example, the issuance of East Java Governor Regulation Number 55 of 2021 is part of responding to the East Java MUI fatwa related to Shia heresy. This shows that the Fatwa has structurally played a strategic role in the production of state policies both at the central and regional levels. This paper is part of a qualitative research using a type of library research, where one of the samples is the East Java MUI Fatwa regarding the Shia deviant fatwa which was later accommodated into East Java Governor Regulation number 55 of 2012. This paper proposes at least two questions important in this paper: first, why is a fatwa produced by MUI? What is the background, as well as the second question: How far is the influence of the fatwa in the process of forming public policies or government regulations that bind its citizens. To answer this problem, this paper uses Fairclough's theory of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). This theory wants to help uncover the process of publishing, using, and distributing fatwas and public policies, as well as their discourse and practice. This paper wants to reveal how the process of producing a fatwa from a religious instrument is transformed into a state instrument which I call "fatwa positivization." The positivization of a fatwa is a process of transformation from a fatwa with moral power to a binding and coercive legal force. From here, it can be explored how the role of the MUI in the process of positivizing Islamic law in Indonesia through the issued fatwas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia was one of the countries that successfully survived the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has provided good lessons, especially in the education sector, and it has provided new ways of overcoming problems in education, especially in art and design. In this paper, I will share experiences related to Personal Learning Services based on gamification and the implementation of immersive learning based on Augmented Reality, which was developed at the Department of Art and Design at the State University of Malang in Indonesia. This research was developed for primary education students in Indonesia, especially in Malang City, East Java. The contribution for this article was as follows: 1) developed some research to solve the learning problem impact of COVID-19; 2) with the software, media, and game specialization group in the art design department conducted several studies in the form of Personal Learning Services and immersive learning. In the discussion of Personal Learning Services based on gamification, the study aims to improve the quality of children’s characters by displaying background designs in several main locations in Malang. This research includes several minigames that attempt to increase children’s discipline, routine, and consistency. Related to implementing immersive learning based on Augmented Reality, is research to introduce characters in wayang panji to children. This study develops Augmented Reality technology without markers to make it easier for users to learn without fear of losing the marker, which has been a problem in AR. This research, according to the survey with the statistical tests result shows that it is a feasible solution to apply to the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss an upstream-downstream externality related to water quality (the level of ammonia) in a river by distinguishing between a non-cooperative and cooperative case. As empirical case, we use the Porong River, which is located in the East Java province of Indonesia. In this river, aquaculture farmers are located downstream while the industrial firms are placed upstream. In both the non-cooperative and cooperative case, we find that the optimal profit by a polyculture is higher than the optimal profit for an industrial firm, and this result is robust to variations in relevant parameter values. Furthermore, by comparing the non-cooperative and cooperative cases, we find that the optimal gain of moving to joint management is reasonably high, and when varying relevant parameter values, this gain remains almost unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ponorogo Regency is included in the top 5 regencies/cities that send the largest number of migrant workers in Indonesia and ranks first in East Java Province with a total of 10,043 Indonesian migrant workers. The high number of Indonesian migrant workers in Ponorogo Regency encourages all actors to play a role in dealing with the impacts. It is listed in the Ponorogo Regency of Regional People's Representative Assembly Decree Number 188.4/01/2020 concerning the program for the establishment of the Ponorogo Regency Regional Regulation in 2020. This paper intends to analyze the usefulness of applying community research techniques to illuminate the nuanced requirements of immigrant com communities. Given the political interests of actors in the subsystem representing various stakeholders: Regent of Ponorogo Regency, DPRD of Ponorogo Regency, Religious Court of Ponorogo Regency, Manpower Office of Ponorogo Regency, LTSA of Ponorogo Regency, P4TKI, PPPMI, NGOs and PMI. This study aims to analyze the actors involved and the resources consisting of formal legal authorities to make decisions, public opinion, information, mobs, financial resources, and skilled leadership. This study uses a case study qualitative research method with data collection through interviews, observations, literature reviews, and data from public test results. The success of the actors in managing the trust of non-formal actors becomes the capital to convince the formal sector to be optimistic about meeting the needs of migrants. In Ponorogo social work, local community research may offer a more inclusive, community-based methodological strategy to migrant challenges. The context of policy belief and actor resource, determining success related to the ability to innovate, leadership, power, and determining the right steps are some of the recommendations from this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional soil analyses are time-consuming; therefore, the soil quick test (QT) method is needed. This study was to assess the accuracy of soil pH, N-nitrate, available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable potassium (K) analysis determined by the QT method developed by Akvo and calibrated with standard laboratory methods. The field research collected 131 soil samples, collected from horticultural lands in 4 regencies within East Java-Indonesia, started from February to August 2017. Soil analysis measured were soil pH, N-nitrate, available P, exchangeable K, textures, organic C, and CEC. The colorimetric-based QT method was performed on the soil sample extracted by Mehlich 1, and the color was developed by dipping strip test paper in supporting chemical solutions. A smartphone camera was used for the reading, and the results were directly displayed on the smartphone screen. The QT method's calibration models were created by stepwise multiple linear regression involving the correlated soil chemical properties. The values of calibrated QT method (i.e. soil pH, N-nitrate, and available P) showed significant correlations with the values from the laboratory. However, the results suggested that the QT method developed by Akvo could be used for nitrate due to having a relatively high correlation with that of standard laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The background of writing this paper is due to the fact that zakat is obligatory for every Muslim who has fulfilled certain conditions. In addition, zakat is a social charity activity for the social and humanitarian fields, this is very strategic and very influential in the economic development of the people. For this reason, in order to optimize zakat in Indonesia, the government established Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2011 concerning Zakat Management. In this case LAZNAS Baitul Maal Hidayatullah East Java Representative must carry out their duties and responsibilities both from planning, collecting, distributing and utilizing zakat. The issues raised in this writing are to see whether Zakat Management at Laznas Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Representative of East Java has implemented the Zakat Institution Accountability Principle based on Law Number 23 of 2011 and whether the Amil Zakat Institution at Laznas Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Representative of East Java has been transparent in its governance managing zakat based on Law Number 23 of 2011. As for this study, the authors used a research method with a normative juridical research type and used qualitative methods. From this study the authors draw the conclusion that LAZNAS Baitul Maal Hidayatullah Representative of East Java applies the principle of accountability in terms of programs that have been completed and programs that will be implemented but unfortunately for indicators regarding the system of rewards and sanctions as well as performance achievements on a regular basis this has not been informed through the Baitul Maal Hidayatullah website. The form of transparency carried out by LAZNAS Baitul Maal Hidayatullah is good regarding reporting donations for certain activities, but if the annual balance sheet report has not been displayed on the website, further transparency is still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) are globally important ecosystems which receive less research attention compared to tropical rainforests but are equally under serious threat. The objectives of this paper are to characterize the vegetation structure, diversity and composition of SDTF of Baluran National Park, East Java, Indonesia, and to assess the impact of burning this SDTF and its post-fire recovery. (2) Methods: In the field, we measured floristic composition and dominance at sites with different fire histories in both SDTF and adjacent savannas of Baluran. Remote sensing image analysis was also employed using the MODIS burn area product and various thematic maps. (3) Results: SDTF at Baluran has moderately high tree cover, is less diverse in species than rainforest, and has a prominent vegetative response to fire, especially in the tree layer. The immediate post-fire period in SDTF featured lower densities of tree seedlings and saplings, more grasses and herbs, and lower species richness than older unburned forest. Species composition varied with fire age and vegetation type, with relatively rapid recovery with time since fire evident, although there was some convergence of long-unburned savanna and SDTF sites in terms of floristics. (4) Conclusions: The SDTF of Baluran recovers after fire principally via resprouting but also via seedling regeneration, with structural attributes returning more quickly (<10 years) than floristic composition (>10 years). We did not find consistent evidence of ecosystem transitions between SDTF and savanna despite a small number of long-unburned savanna sites having floristic similarities to dry forest (particularly in terms of characteristic tree species), and we identify the need for more study to determine the degree and mechanisms of forest–savanna transitions in the region, with a future research agenda outlined. Relatively large areas of savanna–dry forest transitions demonstrated from remote sensing analyses were primarily attributed to spread of Acacia nilotica (an alien invasive small tree or shrub) into long-unburned savanna, and its decline in areas where the species is being successfully controlled via burning and cutting. Knowledge of such ecological shifting is important for the ecosystem management, especially in terms of their usage by large mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dioscoreaceae or yam is a family of tuber that comprises many members with variability in utilization and their intensity of consumption. This family has wide variability and is used not only as food but also for medical purposes due to their bioactive compounds. One of the Dioscoreaceae family is wild yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), rich in carbohydrates but has an obstacle of high cyanide level. Historically, along with cassava, wild yam is the staple food in some places in Indonesia. There is a long history of traditional detoxification methods of wild yam with slightly different steps among different places. The shifting of staple food to rice excludes wild yam consumption. One of the remaining products from wild yam is chips. Wild yam chips are a traditional snack that is also produced by traditional detoxification. This paper is aimed to review the scientific basis for each step in traditional wild yam chips processing to remove cyanogenic compounds. This review was based on the observations of traditional wild yam tuber chip processing and unstructured interview with the wild yam tuber chip maker at 6 locations in East Java, Indonesia. Relevant literature was used to explain the scientific basis of the detoxification methods based on the definite inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, the variability of processing methods was compared among different locations. In general, the steps of traditional detoxification during wild yam tuber chips processing are slicing the peeled wild yam tubers, mixing with the rubbing ash, pressing, drying, soaking, boiling/steaming, and sun drying. Slicing, rubbing, and pressing in chips processing is aimed to convert cyanogenic glycoside into acetone cyanohydrin. The alkaline pH due to ash rubbing makes spontaneous decomposition of acetone cyanohydrin into HCN. HCN is easily removed by dissolution and heating (drying and steaming/boiling). Thermal treatment also spontaneously decomposes cyanohydrin into free HCN. All of the cyanogenic compounds are water-soluble which soaking and washing are aimed to remove all compounds. Consecutive, complicated, and time-consuming processing completely removes cyanogenic compounds and produces safe wild yam tuber chips. The key finding of this review is the purpose of every step in wild yam tuber detoxification has a scientific basis to reduce cyanogenic compounds gradually. This process produces a very low cyanide level in the final product. In conclusion, traditional detoxication reduces cyanogenic compounds to a safe level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health systems at all levels are under pressure to provide comprehensive and high quality of care based on the best evidencebased interventions. The kangaroo mother care (KMC) is one way to care for Low Birth Weight babies (LBW) especially in developing country where the rates of preterm and LBW neonates are higher and the resources are limited. The purpose of this paper is to explore healthcare providers' perspectives of kangaroo mother care implementation in perinatology ward in the rural surgical hospital of East Java Province, Indonesia. We conducted an in-depth interviews to identify KMC implementations. Ten healthcare providers engaged with KMC were interviewed. Data was analyzed using a thematic analysis. Healthcare providers reported positives perceptions of KMC and acknowledged their important roles to give education. The barriers in implementing the KMC including the level of knowledge and the age of the mother of LBW babies. KMC as a method of treating LBW babies is effective intervention care of preterm and LBW babies. This research provides information regarding the need of supports from all levels in KMC implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Biodiversity is the variety of life that exists on Earth, including all the organisms, species, and populations that come together in a complex manner to form communities and ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the diversity of microalgae in several different sub-habitats by identifying their types and abundance in sediments, mangroves, macroalgae, and water columns; additionally, this study analyses the environmental factors that affected the abundance of microalgae in several sub-habitats. METHODS: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with data collection techniques, incorporating the purposive sampling method. Data were analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. FINDINGS: The results showed that the composition of microalgae species found in the sub-habitats of sediments, mangroves, macroalgae, and water columns at Siwil Beach were the class of Bacillariophyceae (70%), Chlorophyceae (17%), and Cyanophyceae (13%) in all sub-habitats. In Sempu Island, microalgae were found only from Bacillariophyceae (100%) in the four sub-habitats. The highest abundance of microalgae on Siwil Beach was in the sub-habitat of mangroves, with a total of 5,423,073 cells/cm², while the highest abundance in Sempu Island was in the sub-habitat of macroalgae, with a value of 1,986,252 cells/cm². Moreover, based on non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses, there was no similarity of algae diversity between Siwil Beach and Sempu Island, with a high variation of microalgae. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the class Bacillariophyceae dominated the communities of microalgae found both in Siwil Beach and Sempu Island. Moreover, factors that mainly affected the abundance of microalgae were environmental, which is already proven by the measurement of water quality in each sub-habitat at both locations. Siwil Beach and Sempu Island water quality was relatively still under the Indonesian national quality standard for seawater. This research is thought to be the first step in exploring the diversity of microalgae in several sub-habitats in East Java, Indonesia, and linking the type and availability of microalgae found in various sub-habitats with environmental water quality parameters and human activities around the waters. In addition, this paper provides the basic information of microalgae diversity based on sub-habitats, especially in the southern part of East Java Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation in Furniture SMEs in East Java, Indonesia, towards competitive advantage. This study uses a quantitative approach with the survey method. This study uses primary data that is self-reported using a self-administered survey by distributing questionnaires directly to 84 owners of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) Furniture in Western East Java, Indonesia. A measurement used the structural equation model (SmartPLS 3.0) to analyze data. Five hypotheses were proposed, and only four had positive significant and positive effects on competitive advantage, that is, the influence of entrepreneurial orientation consisting of proactiveness, innovativeness, aggressiveness, and autonomy. In contrast, the hypothesis related to risk-taking towards the competitive advantage of SMEs Furniture has no positive and significant effect. The findings of this study show that the dominant influence of the entrepreneurial orientation dimension is aggressiveness. The theoretical implication of this research is that furniture business players need to continuously improve their aggressiveness in entrepreneurship according to the theoretical findings in this study, such as introducing innovative products made from local materials and following market trends. This research adds to the theory of aggressiveness in entrepreneurship to encourage innovations that will make industries that use local natural resources more competitively and help government policies. Aggressiveness is required by the furniture business to improve competitiveness for a labor-intensive industry with reliable local content to spur economic growth in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine determinant factors that influence lecturers' productivity during working from home arrangement in the covid-19 pandemic. The focus is the impact of organizational factors that includes IT training, digital infrastructure, and management support, and individual factors as represented by digital orientation on employees' digital capability which in turn affect their productivity. A survey of academic staff from 15 faculties at a state in East Java, Indonesia was conducted as the data collection method. A total of 267 completed questionnaires were analysed using SmartPLS version 2.0. Only an individual's digital orientation was found to have significant impact on the individual's digital capability which in turn affected their d productivity during implementing work from home in this covid-19 pandemic. The research findings suggest the importance of digital orientation in staff selection criteria and for universities to move to greater online delivery of courses combined with flexible working options for staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Micro-Hydro Power (MHP) is a type of hydroelectric power that typically generates electricity from 5 kW to 100 kW using the natural flow of water. This study investigates the MHP plant as one of the renewable energy projects in rural areas of Indonesia and its benefits to rural women. Implementation of the renewable energy (RE) projects were initiated by local non-government organizations (NGOs) and donor agencies that provide funding, technical assistance, and training for the rural community. The MHP projects discussed in this paper were located in rural areas of West Java and East Java. The empirical data show that MHP not only provides green electricity but also gives benefits to many households. It significantly impacts women's empowerment, gender relations, and their relationship to rural development, including improves their living conditions. The biggest challenges for future implementations of MHP at the national level are maintaining the local's responsibility, networking to connect and motivate practitioners from various institutions and organizations, and developing sustainable and successful Indonesia's energy programs in the long run. • Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHP) is one of the renewable energy projects in rural areas of Indonesia and benefits rural women. • MHP provides green electricity and gives benefits to many households. • MHP brings many positive changes to society, including increasing women's knowledge and skills. • MHP can have a significant impact on women's empowerment, gender relations, and their relationship with rural development, including better living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, nonparametric regression studies using a combined estimator model have recently begun to develop significantly. Yet previous research employing this approach is still restricted to models with a single response variable. Hence, this paper offers a novel method to estimate bi-response nonparametric regression using a model that combines Fourier series and truncated spline estimators. This research aims to estimate the regression curve of the proposed model using twostage estimation. The first stage is completed by the penalized weighted least square optimization followed by utilized the weighted least square optimization. We conduct numerical simulations with various sample sizes and correlations to assess the performance of the proposed model. Using generalized cross-validation as a criterion, the best model was obtained from the scenario model with big sample size and strong correlation. Furthermore, compared to uncombined estimators, the proposed model outperformed when applied to a real dataset of the human development index (HDI) education indicator in the East Java Province, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dealing with the environmental issue, rural-based tourism is the alternative in enhancing the welfare of the community. This study aims to examine the relationship between rural-based tourism and local economic development, and provides an insight into the development strategies rural - based tourism. This present paper applied a quantitative approach by utilizing a rapid assessment of local economic development (RALED). Participants of this study were recruited from stakeholders, administrator and the local community in three rural -based tourism in Batu of East Java, Indonesia. The findings indicate that the six dimensions have met the good and excellent category. However, the attention needs to be given to the three least dimensions, including target group, management process and policy focus and synergy. These results suggest that rural-based tourism is strongly linked with the local community due to the community involvement for tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients' characteristics can predict the type of services provided by hospitals. Furthermore, the quality of hospital services can be developed and be satisfactorily made available based on the needs of patients. Aim: This research described the characteristics of patients entering Muhammadiyah hospitals in East Java province, Indonesia. Method: This research used a simple random sampling survey design. The sample consisted of patients who were hospitalized for the first time. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to 531 patients. Data were collected from August-September 2019. The data was collected using interviews, questionnaires and observations. Analysis on the descriptive statistics in this paper was performed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: The results showed that the highest number of respondents were female (52.5%), most pediatric patients were less than 10 years old (28.2%), most respondents had junior high and high school education (40.1%), most patient were treated between 5-10 days (59.9%), most patient possessed the Indonesian National Health Insurance (62.1%), and most were diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis (14.1%), followed by diabetes mellitus (9.04%) and typhoid fever (8.47%). Conclusion: Socio-demographic characteristics, length of treatment, and medical diagnosis of patients can help to estimate the need for health services to be made available by hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia has one of the greatest diversities in the world as reflected by its many cultures, languages, customs, and beliefs. This diversity can be easily seen in the East Java region which, despite its Javanese ethnic majority, is also populated by other ethnics, sub ethnics, and mixed groups. Shadow puppet theatre is a form of public attraction long existing in Java, even before the era of the Majapahit Empire. It is usually performed at night and takes a considerable time. In this multidisciplinary paper, it is hypothesized that good time management will increase audience satisfaction and in turn contribute to the sustainability of the theatre and Javanese culture. Based on the analysis of the survey, using partial least square by java web start programme, it is found that, first, shadow puppet attraction positively affects to time management as 0.720. Further, the attraction leads to audience satisfaction as 0.558. Lastly, time management affects audience satisfaction as 0.258. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to develop a measurement model in order to investigate sorts of organizational cultures (OCs) existing in school organizations. Design/methodology/approach: This study involved 300 teachers of Primary Schools in the Malang City, East Java Indonesia. It used a quantitative approach with structural equation modelling to develop a measurement model of school OC. To enable the measure of this variable to work, OC scale was constructed and validated employing a confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: Results suggest items of the scale are conceptualized as unidimensional measure. The scale, thus, could be used to examine and properly identified types of OCs within a school setting. Research limitations/implications: This study developed e-scale to measure OC within a school context. The measure was tested in referring to the data derived from a limited sample of primary school teachers in Malang City, Indonesia. Practical implications: This study recommends that school principals are expected to create an OC to ensure the improvement of individual capacities is carried out effectively. Originality/value: The investigation focused on a school OC as a complex project. Since not many research studies developed the scales to measure this specific cultural construct, the findings add to the theory in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kangean islands are a biologically poorly known archipelago situated in the Java Sea, Indonesia, 120 km directly north of Bali and 124 km off East Java. These islands host an avifauna comprising at least 13 endemic subspecies, two of which have by some sources recently been considered species. We combine historical published literature with our own surveys of the archipelago in 2007-2008, 2010 and 2023 to produce an updated list of the islands' birds (n=140 species) and their distribution across the islands. We evaluate in more detail the conservation status of all endemic taxa, as well as several others we consider to be of concern. Despite its current listing as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, the endemic Kangean Tit-babbler Mixornis prillwitzi is common in highly degraded habitats, including scrub, and is probably one of the islands' least threatened birds. However, because of trapping, the archipelago's endemic taxon of Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri kangeanensis, and its populations of Green Junglefowl Gallus varius and Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa are likely at risk of extirpation. The endemic taxon of White-rumped Shama Copsychus malabaricus nigricauda, sometimes afforded species rank as 'Kangean Shama', may already be (at least functionally) extinct in the main archipelago, with no record since 2007-2008. We recommend longer and more detailed surveys of the islands' birds, and that an effective protected area is established on the main Kangean island, which hosts the largest area of remaining forest in the archipelago and most of its endemic taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR), a combination of panel regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR), is used to analyze panel data and capture diverse relationship between locations. GWPR was developed on data with panel-fixed effects and applied to modeling data with spatial heterogeneity and time series. One method for estimating parameters in the GWPR is weighted least squares (WLS), which are sensitive to outliers. The present study aimed to use the Mmethod to estimate GWPR model parameters in data containing outliers using fixed-effect GWPR modeling for the sugar cane yield in East Java of Indonesia from 2019 to 2021. Sugarcane yield data in East Java contained outliers in several areas, including Malang, Blitar, and Ngawi Districts. Because the data contains outliers, a robust method with the M estimator was applied. The results showed that plantation areas significantly affected production in all districts. The R2 of the model was 0.87, showing that GWPR model with M estimation was appropriate in predicting sugarcane yield. Based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value, the GWPR model with M estimation had better performance than GWPR model alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic compelled most countries in the world to implement online teaching. However, not all countries were ready to do that. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of online teaching implementation as well as to investigate the perceptions of teachers and the challenges faced by fifty senior high schools in East Java, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 150 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and utilized both quantitative and qualitative data. The research employed questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to collect data. The questionnaires consisted of twenty-five questions with seven categories: student--faculty contact, cooperation among students, active learning, prompt feedback, time on task, high expectations, and diverse talents in ways of learning, which were delivered to 150 English teachers. The semi-structured interview with twenty-five EFL teachers focused on the English teachers' challenges and actions to deal with the challenges during online teaching implementation. To analyze the quantitative data, the researcher used descriptive statistics, and for the qualitative data, the researcher transcribed the semi-structured interview results and continued with data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicated that online teaching implementation was challenging. The teachers faced six significant challenges during online teaching implementation: internet access, students' economy, students' psychology, lack of facilities, time constraints, and the teachers' and students' technology competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010, the national demand for soybean commodity reached about 2,12 million tons, while its production is only about 747,611 tons so that Indonesia must import soybean 1,37 million tons from abroad. According to the projection that up to 2020, Indonesia will decrease soybean production by 1,61%, but the consumption will increase by 2.64%. Implementation of Rural Agribusiness Development Program (RADP) is expected to be one of the factors driving the fulfillment of nasional soybean commodity demand stock. This paper explains about are: 1) Impact of RADP on the development of domestic soybean production, especially in East Java Province; 2) The growth rate of soybean based agribusiness in rural areas; 3) The profit level change of processed food craftsman based on soybean raw material. The type of this research is quantitative and qualitative descriptive research with survey, formative and summative methods. This research took place in 2017 in Jember, Pasuruan and Banyuwangi districts. In order to answer all research objectives descriptive analysis is used, and Test the difference t-test average. This study reveal that 1) The development of soybean stock in East Java has decreased relatively during the period of 2015-2016 (-2,75%) due to decrease in harvested area in the same period that is (-2,94%) although productivity increased by 0,91%; 2) The growth rate of soybean-based agribusiness in research location during the period of 2011-2016 experienced an average increase of 13,99% seen from the aspect of labor absorption and on the aspect of the number of business units actually decreased on average below 10%, but from the absorption of manpower is quite significant; 3) The profit rate change per business unit only experienced an average increase of 18,17% compared before the implementation of the program. The condition shows that the RADP is substantially and its implementation has not been effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid Molecular Test (RMT) is a revolutionary test for detecting TB cases in developing countries. However, RMT has not been utilized optimally in developing countries. For example, in East Java, 80% of healthcare is expected to utilize RMT in order to diagnose TB cases, yet only 28% of healthcare facilities utilize it. Most healthcare facilities prefer to use microscopic approach to diagnose TB cases in their areas. Some challenges remain, such as complex referring system, time consuming, and use paper based recording system. In regards to address these challenges, SITURST Application was developed to also improve the accuracy as well as the effectiveness of detecting TB cases. SITRUST App is a system that support healthcare facilities in delivering TB specimen to have tested in other healthcare facilities that have Xpert Test. The Ministry of Health has been piloted SITURST App in 10 provinces in Indonesia, including five districts in East Java. A qualitative approach was implemented in order to understand the key factors that influence RMT utilization after SITRUST App was being introduced to several healthcare facilities in East Java, Indonesia. The results show that SITRUST App has several advantages compare with the previous test, such as easy and rapid which encourage healthcare facilities to utilize RMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2010, the national demand for soybean commodity reached about 2,12 million tons, while its production is only about 747,611 tons so that Indonesia must import soybean 1,37 million tons from abroad. According to the projection that up to 2020, Indonesia will decrease soybean production by 1,61%, but the consumption will increase by 2.64%. Implementation of Rural Agribusiness Development Program (RADP) is expected to be one of the factors driving the fulfillment of nasional soybean commodity demand stock. This paper explains about are: 1) Impact of RADP on the development of domestic soybean production, especially in East Java Province; 2) The growth rate of soybean based agribusiness in rural areas; 3) The profit level change of processed food craftsman based on soybean raw material. The type of this research is quantitative and qualitative descriptive research with survey, formative and summative methods. This research took place in 2017 in Jember, Pasuruan and Banyuwangi districts. In order to answer all research objectives descriptive analysis is used, and Test the difference t-test average. This study reveal that 1) The development of soybean stock in East Java has decreased relatively during the period of 2015-2016 (-2,75%) due to decrease in harvested area in the same period that is (-2,94%) although productivity increased by 0,91%; 2) The growth rate of soybean-based agribusiness in research location during the period of 2011-2016 experienced an average increase of 13,99% seen from the aspect of labor absorption and on the aspect of the number of business units actually decreased on average below 10%, but from the absorption of manpower is quite significant; 3) The profit rate change per business unit only experienced an average increase of 18,17% compared before the implementation of the program. The condition shows that the RADP is substantially and its implementation has not been effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, ground-based rainfall monitoring is uneven and sometimes lacks continuity especially in small watersheds, which makes hydrological modeling difficult. This paper aims to the performance evaluation of the HBV Light model from the manual measurement of rainfall (MMR), Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM-3IMERGDF), and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B42) as input for the hydrological model. The Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) Light hydrological model is applied to three small watersheds, namely Sampean Baru, Bedadung, and Mayang. The model’s performance evaluation is assessed based on the correlation between the average rainfall data for the satellite product area and the MMR product, the stationarity of the rainfall and discharge data, and the model accuracy. The model simulation results show that the MMR rainfall in all watersheds provides a better discharge response than the other two products. Meanwhile, the simulation model of the GPM-3IMERGDF satellite product is slightly better than TRMM-3B42. The stationarity test of rainfall and discharge data needs to be enforced before modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health threat and broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobactericeae (ESBL) are major contributors. This research focuses on the presence of Escherichia coli as a producer of ESBL in the fresh feces of deer. This study aimed to gain deeper insight into ESBL sourced from deer. 129 fresh stool samples were collected. A total of 89 samples came from the East Java region and 40 samples came from the East Nusa Tenggara region. Identification was carried out which was then followed by PCR. We found 9 positive samples of ESBL-producing E. coli containing the blaTEM gene as the ESBL encoding gene. 33 samples (25.28%) were positive for E. coli. 8 isolates (24.24%) were multidrug-resistant, East Java (6 isolates) and East Nusa Tenggara (2 isolates). All isolates of multidrug-resistant E. coli 7 isolates were ESBL positive (87.5%) and contained the blaTEM gene. The presence of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates have been confirmed in deer. Deer should be considered as a source of MDR and ESBL transmission for public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates Indonesia’s ambitious artificial intelligence (AI) policy within the context of its decentralised governance structure. Through in-depth case studies in Jakarta, Central Java, and East Java, we analyse emerging AI-based policy responses and their challenges in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. Drawing from elite interviews conducted with central and local government officials and documentary research, this study offers rare insights into the local perspective on the struggle to accommodate the central government’s ambitious plan with limited resources. This article finds that the divergence in the views and visions of AI between central and local governments has complicated the formulation and implementation of AI-based policies. Central authorities wield a dominant role, evident through regulatory mandates and a centralised decision-making approach that can potentially constrain local autonomy. This power asymmetry, coupled with the lack of specific AI-focused regulations, challenges local governments’ capacity to independently design and manage AI initiatives aligned with their unique contexts. Interestingly, instead of showing their resistance towards the ambitious national plan, local leaders have embraced AI policies, positioning them as innovative tools to enhance popularity in the lead-up to the 2024 general election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given its minority status throughout much of Asia, Christianity's history and resilience in the region warrant a re-examination of the contemporary expressions of Christian theology in its wider Asian context. How are pre-Christian religious and cultural practices drawn up into contemporary expressions of Christianity? In periods of conflict and crisis, what particular sources of strength are employed by Christian minorities? This paper highlights the various roles that memory plays in the lives of West Papuans as a source of theologizing in their subjugated context. The chapter suggests that West Papuans employ primarily fives types of memories (embodied, ecological, storied, passionate, and redemptive) that provide guidance, insight, and an understanding of God with them. By highlighting the teasing out the continuities and discontinuities of Christianity and local traditions in West Papua, Indonesia, this paper underscores elements of an emerging Christian theology from an Asian frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following recent calls to monitor intensifications of settler-colonial structures (Journal of Genocide Research, Vol 9, No 4, 2007, p 403), this article focuses on an as yet poorly recognized site of settler-colonial violence against indigenous peoples. Rather than engaging in what the author argues is ultimately a fruitless and potentially diversionary debate over whether the killings, massacres, disappearances and structural elimination of West Papuans amount, conceptually, to genocide, this article focuses on the kinds of discursive and epistemic violence that provide the enabling backbone and camouflage for genocidal practices. The larger questions with which the paper engages is why it is that we remain so reluctant to detect the crime of genocide, and what it is that popularly diverts our attention? In the modern era, when a body of international human rights law maintains some, if largely ineffectual, global scrutiny, it is not only the acquiescent consent of settlers on the scene that needs manufacturing for structural genocide and genocidal events to occur. In the context of globalized markets for, and consumption of, discursive representations, modern genocides are being sold to, and allowed to happen by, all of us. With a particular focus on the spectacle of cannibalism, this article explores what the author argues is a text-book example of the kind of discursive footwork that has historically accompanied colonialism's genocidal structures, and has allowed genocide to masquerade as criminally neutral (unintentional fatal impact or simply progress), or morally compelling (civilizing missions, assimilation, or development). Finally, in exploring the reflected presence of claims of cannibalism and savagery in the face-to-face violence of Indonesian occupation in West Papua, this article also argues for bringing debates about genocide back from the brink of over-analysis. As has been well advanced to date, dimensions of genocide studies threaten to tip the balance of debates so that genocide becomes a concept rather than crime, and a concept that is severed from the blunt physicality of determined and sustained attempts at mass extermination. An over-determined 'genocide,' the paper argues, is a temporized genocide, and one which therefore opens crucial space in debates for re-engaging precisely the kinds of colonial discourses that enable, excuse and even naturalize genocide in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies revealed that genre awareness and reading habits partially correlate with reading comprehension. This article reported the results of a study aiming to find out the contribution of genre awareness and reading habits towards the development of students' comprehension of reading English texts. The participants of this study were 68 students of the Department of English of a state-owned university in East Java, Indonesia, in the 2020/2021 academic year. These students took the three reading courses (Intensive Course, Basic, and Intermediate Reading courses) and were assumed to have been familiar with genres and have developed some reading habits. This research employed a correlational design, involving two predicting variables (genre awareness and reading habits), and one response variable (comprehension). The data were gathered using three instruments: an objective test to measure students' genre awareness, an online questionnaire to identify students' reading habits, and an objective test to measure students' reading comprehension. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis aided by SPSS/PASW Program. The results showed that the data are normally distributed so that conclusions can be drawn accurately that genre awareness and reading habits partially and significantly contribute to reading comprehension. The results also indicated that genre awareness and reading habits simultaneously and significantly contribute to reading comprehension, as shown by the results of the analysis that genre awareness and reading habits contributed 0.203 or 20.3% to reading comprehension. The rest (79.7%) was attributed to other variables outside the variables under study. This study concludes that good genre awareness and good reading habits help students develop good reading comprehension. The results provided in this paper can be used by English teachers as an alternative to help their students improve their genre awareness and cultivate good reading habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As per the Geothermal Potential Book published by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) in 2017, Pacitan Regency in East Java Province, Indonesia, has the potential for geothermal energy. Two hot spring manifestations, namely, Karangrejo and Tinatar, located in the Arjosari and Punung districts of Pacitan Regency, respectively, have a combined resource of 25 MWe. We acquired ground-gravity data and evaluated gravity anomalies to explore the underlying geological structure in order to understand the geothermal system behind these manifestations. The results of the study show that the gravitational anomaly in the Karangrejo-Tinatar region ranges from 163 to 176 mGal. Additional analysis of the complete Bouguer anomaly (CBA) map, first horizontal derivative (FHD) map, and field observations points to the existence of three NW-SE trending faults. Two of the faults, which are the Karangrejo fault and the Tinatar fault, may be the flow paths for the manifestation of Karangrejo and Tinatar hot springs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is one of the main issues in the economic development of a country, including Indonesia. This was exacerbated when the Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on economic activities, so there are educated people who are still below the poverty line. Therefore, strategies in tackling the problem of poverty need to be developed in line with the times that have entered the era of digitalization. The research aimed to examine the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on high-educated poverty in East Java. Data obtained from the National Survey in Indonesia is analyzed with the random forest algorithm as a classification method in machine learning. The analysis shows that social media, laptop ownership, age, higher education, and internet access are the five most important variables for high-educated poverty classification in East Java. Based on this, a number of recommendations can be made to policy makers regarding the effect of digitalization on high-educated poverty in East Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women entrepreneurs are promoted to adopt digital technology as a means of enhancing business performance. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of human, social, financial, physical, and intellectual capital on digital technology adoption among women entrepreneurs. A quantitative method is used with an associative type across various business sectors in East Java Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, the sample is selected by purposive sampling with a total of 268 individuals. Data collection is carried out through a questionnaire, while the analysis is performed using PLS-SEM. The results show that human, financial, physical, and intellectual capital have a positive and significant influence on the adoption of digital technology among women entrepreneurs. However, only social capital reports an insignificant influence. Among the examined variables, intellectual capital plays the most crucial role in adopting digital technology. This research provides theoretical and practical implications for women entrepreneurs and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to create a theoretical model of business sustainability with financial literacy antecedents. The antecedents of financial literacy are intellectual capital and risk attitudes. The research location is in the province of East Java, Indonesia. Batik SMEs are only found in Indonesia because it is a cultural heritage belonging to Indonesia that does not exist in other countries. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with 222 respondents from the batik SMEs spread across six cities. The data was taken using a questionnaire on a Likert scale. Data analysis uses SEM (structural equation modeling) with the SmartPLS application. The study results show that risk attitudes toward financial literacy have a positive effect. The effect of financial literacy on the business sustainability of the batik industry has a positive influence. The impact of intellectual capital on the business sustainability of the batik industry has a positive effect. Risk attitudes have no significant positive impact on business sustainability. Financial literacy has yet to be able to mediate intellectual capital's influence on the batik SME's business sustainability. This needs to be explored further with further research. Furthermore, financial literacy can mediate risk attitudes towards the business sustainability of batik SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researched area is located in Rembang Zone, North East Java Basin. The Rembang Zone is one of the largest basins in Indonesia. In this area, there are many oil wells that today are still actively producing. The research concerning the content of microfossils in marine sedimentary outcrops is needed to determine the rate of sedimentation in a basin. The method is basically based on the result of stratigraphic measurements of two sections with a distance of 2,743.7 m. Sedimentation rate is the average thickness ratio to the average time interval. The sections have a good outcrop and a continuous stratigraphic sequence from Miocene (Wonocolo, Ledok, and Mundu Formations) to Pleistocene (Lidah Formation). Samples taken in the section consisted of fourty-one samples of marls and shales. The results of the analysis show eighteen genera with fifty-seven species of nannoplankton. While the resulting biostratigraphic zone can be arranged into eleven zones consisted of two partial, one range and eight interval zones. The development of sedimentation rate (RoS) of studied area consists of ten periods, those are (1) CNM15 Zone/Late Miocene of Ledok Formation at a depth of 427.8 - 322.4 m, and has a sedimentation rate (RoS) of 11.46 cm/ky, (2) CNM16-CNM20 Zone/Late Miocene to Early Pliocene, Ledok Formation at a depth of 322.4 - 279.3 m and has a RoS of 1.54 cm/ky, (3) Mundu Formation is CNPL2 Zone/Early Pliocene at a depth of 279.3 - 223 m and has a RoS of 5.41 cm/ky, (4) CNPL3 (Early Pliocene) Zone at a depth of 223 - 148.4 m and has a RoS of 33.91 cm/ky, (5) CNPL4 Zone (Middle Pliocene) at a depth of 148.4 - 82.7 m and has a RoS of 5.09 cm/ky. (6) Zone of CNPL5 (Middle-Late Pliocene) at a depth of 82.70 - 53.1 m and has a RoS of 21.14 cm/ky, (7) CNPL6 Zone/Late Pliocene at a depth of 53.1 - 52.0 m and has a RoS of 0.24 cm/ky, 8). CNPL7 Zone/Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene at a depth of 52.0 - 33.8 m and has a RoS 8.27 cm/ky, (9). CNPL8 Zone (Early Pleistocene) at a depth of 33.8 - 26.4 m and has a RoS of 1.14 cm/ky, (10) CNPL9 Zone? (Early Pleistocene) at a depth of 26.4 - 12.5 m and has a RoS of 1.7 cm/ky. The relatively faster sedimentation rate of the CNPL3 is due to the faster subsidence and maximum sediment supply. During the development of sedimentation rate, there are two unconformities, namely (1) after the CNM20 Zone resulting in a sedimentation interval during CNPL1 and (2) after CNPL6 (Late Pliocene). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding pore pressure characteristics in carbonate reservoirs is essential, because it concerns all aspects of subsurface, drilling, and occupational safety, as well as the environment in oil and gas exploration and exploitation. In this study, the pore pressure regime and connectivity of the carbonate reservoir (compartmentalization) of Kujung and Ngimbang Formations in the northern Madura Platform of East Java Basin are characterized by utilizing direct pressure data and wireline logs from five wells. The result shows that both hydrostatic and slight overpressure conditions are found in these formations, further indicating the presence of carbonate compartmentalization. The magnitudes of overpressure, however, are mostly very low, with an average of ~37 psi. Four compartmentalized carbonates are identified based on the presence of different pressure gradients in the water leg. The slight overpressure in the carbonates is likely owing to pressure transference from overpressured shale at depth. In addition, by using acoustic impedance from seismic, the depositional environments of the carbonates are interpreted as lagoon and tidal flat. These environments support the occurrence of patch reef carbonate buildups in the Kujung and Ngimbang Formations, which later become a good environment for overpressure generation and carbonate reservoir compartmentalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of green human capital readiness on business performance in the green economy era. This study also focuses on investigating whether the relationship is mediated by green market orientation and green supply chain management. Design/methodology/approach: This is a quantitative study using the data of 182 manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises in East Java, Indonesia. Data are collected using an online survey. A multiple mediation research framework is employed, and partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The findings demonstrate the following important results. First, green human capital readiness affects business performance. Second, green market orientation partially mediates the effect of green human capital readiness on business performance. Third, green supply chain management partially mediates the effect of green human capital readiness on business performance. Fourth, green market orientation and green supply chain management sequentially mediate the green human capital readiness-business performance relationship. Research limitations/implications: This study limits its sample to the small and medium-sized enterprises in East Java, Indonesia. Thus, caution must be applied when generalizing to other types of organizations and different regions. The results confirm the resource-based view and sustainability theory in explaining the antecedents of business performance in the era of the green economy which are useful for future researchers and students who are interested in studying human capital, market orientation, supply chain management and business performance. Practical implications: This study has the following practical implications. First, it implies that the owners/managers of small and medium-sized enterprises need to properly develop their green human capital readiness because they play a strategic role in driving green market orientation, improving green supply chain management and enhancing business performance. Second, it provides useful information to policymakers to make better decision-making in developing environmentally friendly companies. Originality/value: This study is a response to calls for studies on the antecedents of business performance in the green economy era. It provides empirical evidence for the development of resource-based view and sustainability theory by employing the new construct of green human capital readiness, which has been rarely investigated in previous studies. It also employs a multiple mediation research framework that provides a more comprehensive understanding by including green market orientation and green supply chain management. It also provides empirical evidence in the research setting of small and medium-sized enterprises in Indonesia as an emerging market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating peak discharge in the catchment poses a challenge for hydrologists due to the potential overflow risks. The present study examined various methods, including Synthetic unit hydrograph, Melchior, and Rational, to determine the peak discharge value in the Lesti River Catchment Area. Accurate hydrological input data is essential for effectively estimating peak discharge and mitigating potential damage or failure. Optimized physical parameters using geographic information systems are critical in generating peak discharge values, emphasizing their importance in the estimation process. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and mean average error (MAE) were used to determine the accurate method for estimating peak discharge. Analysis results showed varied peak discharge values across different methods, and it found that the MAPE values ranged from 15.15% to 7.48% and the MAE values ranged from 1.47% to 0.63%, respectively. The Nakayasu synthetic unit hydrograph obtained the minimum error measure value compared to other methods by 7.48% in MAPE and 0.63% in MAE. Therefore, the MAPE and MAE performance considered that the Nakayasu was closely approximating the observed peak discharge and a relatively accurate method for estimating peak discharge in the Lesti River catchment area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several languages displayed in Language Landscape (LL) in tourism cities are foremost to be explored since they can depict the battle and position of each language. As China has a tight cooperation with Indonesia and other countries, Mandarin has begun to be utilized in the public sphere, such as in the LL. Thus, this present study intends to analyze the use and position of Mandarin, the underlying reasons for using Mandarin, society’s perspective, and its implication. The qualitative method was applied in which all data were explained descriptively by engaging documentation and a questionnaire for data collection. The former was done through the 831 signs displayed in tourism cities in East Java (27 Mandarin LL involved). The latter was conducted through the 127 responses from various backgrounds: old and younger generations. The results indicate that (1) Mandarin LL with top -down signs get a higher percentage than bottom -up signs in which Mandarin is in the fourth position, (2) the utilization of Mandarin in LL is to reveal their identity of the LL owner, (3) it is not vital to display Mandarin in LL due to the lack knowledge of it. Even if societies have negative perceptions of Mandarin, they confess that Mandarin is extensively spread due to its fast growth in any sector. Consequently, this study is crucial to give a wake -up call to the government and speakers of indigenous languages that they should take essential action to preserve the position of local -ethnic languages in LL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adverse incidents in nursing home (NH) may occur as the result of inadequate monitoring for signs of unobservable initial complications, medical errors, improper nursing interventions, lack of communication, and inadequate reporting.Purpose: This study explores incident types, causes, handling, and documentation in Indonesian NHs through a qualitative approach.Patients and Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 NH staff members, including managers, nurses, and support staff.Results: Five themes and 17 sub-themes emerged, with falls and resident-to-resident abuse as common adverse incidents. Causes included older adults' conditions, environment, and misunderstanding. Follow-up action included first aid, hospital referrals, and assertive communication. Adverse incidents were actively reported through verbal and written reports or WhatsApp groups. Reports and documentation remain unstructured, however, as there were no standard operating procedures regarding incident reporting, documentation, and the types of adverse incidents that staff should report.Conclusion: Improvements in management, documentation, and reporting adverse incidents are highlighted in this research. Practitioners, nurses, and social workers should develop guidelines for handling, reporting, and documenting adverse incidents in NHs.Plain Language Summary: This study aimed to explore adverse incidents and events in nursing homes (NHs) in Indonesia, particularly focusing on falls and resident-to-resident abuse (RRA). With a growing older adult population and an increasing demand for long-term-care (LTC) facilities, the study aimed to understand the types of adverse incidents, their causes, approaches for handling them, incident reporting, and documentation practices within NHs.The study employed qualitative methods, conducting in-depth interviews with 23 staff members from four NHs in East Java, Indonesia. Falls and RRA were found to be the most commonly encountered adverse incidents. Falls were primarily caused by older adults' physical conditions and environmental factors. Strategies for fall prevention included initial treatment, coordination with nursing staff, referrals to health services, and minimizing falls risk. RRA incidents were typically triggered by misunderstanding related to daily activities. Incident reporting methods varied, including verbal, written, and WhatsApp-based reporting, with varying levels of documentation practices.The study underscores the need for effective incident management and prevention strategies in NHs. Falls and RRA are significant concerns that demand attention. The findings highlight the importance of standardized protocols, comprehensive reporting systems, and structured documentation practices to enhance the safety and well-being of older adults in NHs. These insights can inform the development of strategies to improve incident handling, thus improving the quality of care provided to older adults in LTC facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiritual tourism prioritising religious aspects, is one of East Java's oldest forms of tourism, especially in Malang district. This form of tourism has long developed since combining Islamic and Javanese values. The concept emerged along with the Indonesian halal tourism brand. As a form of contribution to the development of religious tourism, this study seeks to show the existence of traditional relations in aspects of Islamic pilgrimage as a form of tourist behaviour which involves visiting historical tourism in tourist villages. This research uses a qualitative methods with a case study which includes interviews and participatory observation that aims to understand the aspects of pilgrimage in depth. The findings show that tourists visiting spiritual objects of high importance are not unlike Muslims in their behaviour when visiting Mecca - performing tawaf, drinking holy water, giving alms and eating together. However, this is something that attracts tourists to visit. Planning and development are still needed, especially in the flow of rituals that are carried out so as not to eliminate the purpose of developing halal tourism in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine the role and ethics of IBF in the context of development and address the critique that IBF is merely a rebranding of the conventional sector and merely exploits and further marginalises beneficiaries for profit. We focus on Islamic microfinance (IMF) in Indonesia and explore how it is applied to poverty alleviation. In addition to a review of the research to date, we perform a qualitative sociolegal study involving 27 interviews of two IMF institutions' (BMT Muda and BPRS Mitra Syariah in East Java) beneficiaries, field staff, management and industry stakeholders. Our fieldwork investigates how institution staff members apply Islamic rules and norms when implementing programs, noting any discrepancies between the rhetoric of the Islamic ethical framework for development and the practice. We ultimately argue that while IMF is still a work in progress that would benefit from further regulatory and institutional reform, it is generating wide-ranging economic, social and spiritual benefits. We find evidence of social empowerment and brotherhood in IMF, emblematic of Islamic ethics, as well as genuine contributions to the economic and social development of Indonesia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]