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How successful have countries in Asia been at vaccinating their populations against COVID-19? What explains the broadly similar pace of rollout across countries in the region despite diverse governance capacities, demographic compositions, resources and economies? This paper presents a comparative analysis of the planning and implementation of national vaccination drives against COVID-19 across 21 South and East Asian countries. We advance an analytical framework to understand the different challenges countries encounter and distinguish three key factors on both the national and international level—vaccine shortages, governance capacity for mass vaccination and vaccine hesitancy. We apply the analytical framework to national vaccination drives, offering a snapshot of countries’ vaccination progress as of early 2021, and conclude with general trends for the COVID-19 vaccine rollout across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Asian Journal of Political Science is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the study is to investigate the impact of Covid-19 on the peace and security of the human beings The epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created a global crisis that has had a deep impact on our lives Every country faces the spieling of necessities based either on focusing economic, geographical or process related reality for peace and human security This paper discussed the Covid-19 as threat to peace and security The paper focuses on key issues relating to the concepts of peace, human security at the time of corona virus pandemic and the role of media The issues include the social media as one of the pillars which aware the society at the rural level to urban level during the pandemic and also helps to maintain peace and security in the world The paper also presents the importance of media in 2020 year and the associated debate regarding how the different organizations can help to overcome the covid-19 crises as well as role of media to achieve the “peace and human security globally, much-talked-about” © 2020 All Rights Reserved

Purpose: India has the distinction of developing one of the world's longest continuing cultures, which has continuously adapted to the evolving political and socio-economic material and unique events of its history. It is often presumed that, by an unquestionable lack of work or elevated jobs, women will bear the cost of economic liberalization. but the theory of trade shows that women, particularly in emerging economies can contribute a lot due to trade liberalization and increase in foreign trade, women have proven to be a remarkable cohesive unit of the community, which in the stage of rapid societal changes has demonstrated great resilience and adaptability. Design/ methodology/ approach: This research is qualitative in nature and based on both primary and secondary data both. Research objective and implications: The research's primary emphasis is to explore the impact of globalization in raising the socio-economic status of women and to highlight the positive as well as the negative impact of globalization on women’s livelihood. This paper will be helpful for various policymakers, researchers, government bodies, and various stakeholders of the society to know the contribution of microfinance in rebooting the Indian economy by poverty alleviation.

The right to fair trial is inherent in the concept of due process of law, which now forms part of Article 21 of Indian Constitution after the Maneka Gandhi judgement. Pertinently attached with the same comes the responsibility of the criminal system to treat victims with increased awareness and sensitivity. However, the established convention shows that in planning and developing administration of criminal justice, proper attention is not given to the victims of crime in achieving goals of criminal justice; the major cause of it being that a victim is heard only as a witness not as a victim. A credible response to the said issue has emerged in the form of victim impact statement (VIS) in the modern legal system across the world. With that being said, the researchers through this article try to deduce the need for incorporating a VIS in India through the various jurisprudential understandings of what it means to be a victim, including the gap between the subjective experience of the sufferer and the interpretation of the same by others, and what restorative justice would mean to heal a victim. Establishing upon the same premise of victim status, the researchers try to suggest that the introduction of VIS, with the primary purpose of it being a therapeutic tool and not an instrument of changing the course of justice, will serve to make us reconsider our contours of a ‘victim’.

The arms control approach of more than six decades to deal with the nuclear peril lies in shambles. Nuclear weapons remain in huge numbers, and the dire consequences of their use remain undiminished, with portents of a new era of deadlier weapons and a new spiral of arms race. Hence a detailed and deeper examination of all issues connected with nuclear weapons is called for. Key to this is centrality of nuclear disarmament and the overriding international commitment to abolish nuclear weapons and the premise that nuclear weapons are the instrument of mass annihilation and cannot be used as weapons of war. This basic premise was lost sight of in the political expediency and compulsions of the Cold War and the subsequent play of geopolitics. There is a need to return to this basic premise, which should not be subordinated to political management of a renewed nuclear arms race. In keeping with these basics the pathways to the ultimate goal of abolition have been delineated.

The year 1937 saw the establishment of Congress Ministries in eight of the eleven provinces in which the provincial elections had been held, Bihar being one of them. The resounding victory of the Congress which secured a clear majority in the province of Bihar and the dismal performance of the Muslim League seemed at the time to depict the mood of the people in general. It was taken as a clear rejection of the politics of communalism and separatism and as an expression of faith in the secular credentials of the Indian National Congress. However, less than a decade later, the province was gripped by severe communal tensions and had become one of the most prominent parts of India from where the movement for Pakistan drew support. This article thus explores the nature of the communal violence that occurred in Bihar in 1946 against the backdrop of the ‘escalating’ communal tensions during the late 1930s and early 1940s. It seeks to problematise the dichotomy that exists in literature on communal violence between moments of what have been called ‘extraordinary’ violence (such as riots) and the everyday structures of (what Gyanendra Pandey has called) ‘routine violence’. Through its analysis of contemporary material produced by the Muslim League, the Congress Ministry and the provincial British administration to explain the causes of the 1946 riots in Bihar, it argues that it is in the moments of rupture presented by riots that everyday structures of violence are trivialised or normalised through processes of ‘dichotomisation’, ‘dehumanisation’ and ‘denial’.

The aim of the preface is to introduce the scope of this special issue (SI). We explain our editorial approach and summarise our findings based on articles included in this SI. Finally, we outline future research questions which stemmed out of the discussions of this SI.

The aim of the editorial note is to introduce the scope of this special issue (SI). We explain our editorial approach and provide a brief summary of eight articles included in the SI following mult...

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration that embodies a transformation in the organization of social relations and transactions, which generate a transcontinental or interregional flow of communication, technology, knowledge, and opportunities. Globalization has transformed several aspects of the global system and influenced almost all dimensions of human lives. We now not only have greater economic dependence and trade networks, but institutions like the UN, European Union, NATO, World Bank, WTO, and IMF have overstepped their authority by promoting universal standards for everything, which has thus changed the traditional perspective of sovereignty. Now the question arises of what traditional sovereignty is, the common notion states that sovereignty is the central attribute of a state as a form of political organization. The very core of sovereignty is the power of self-determination, the power to determine for and by oneself and not the command of others. No external body has the right to command or order a sovereign state to act in a given manner about matters of fundamental concern to it. Many people believe that the idea of state sovereignty is in imminent danger, the idea of an independent entity is being collapsed by the monetary union, global television, the internet, governmental and non-governmental organization. Though many have proclaimed the demise of sovereignty under the pressure of globalization yet few believe that sovereignty is the basis of state interaction, state laws are adaptive in nature and they evolve by the standardized norms of the global system. In this paper the researcher shall discuss the traditional perspective of sovereignty and does the Westphalian concept of sovereignty has ever existed. The primary focus of this paper shall be on the impacts of globalization on the state authority, their territorial control, and monopoly, and find out how the sovereignty of the state is affected by this global system. The researcher will critically analyze the transformation of sovereignty in response to globalization and its complexities.

Today, every prison around the world requires a correctional programme so that rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders can be done successfully. Correctional reforms is a serious issue and has been taken seriously even internationally. In India, many attempts have been made to improve the condition of prisons and prisoners, but little changes have been seen at the root-level. There is a scope of modifications in the correctional reforms to meet the present-day needs of the criminal justice system. The chapter will give an overview of the correctional reforms in Indian prisons and after reviewing the existing literature will attempt to identify the limitations of the correctional programs which need to be addressed for effective rehabilitation and reformation of prisoners. Lastly, the chapter will conclude with a number of suggestions and with a comprehensive model for rehabilitation.

The vaccination drive for prevention against COVID-19 in India started from 16th January 2021. Two vaccines used for this drive are Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield and Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin. This drive has already crossed 600,000 mark in first four days and the government has stated that the drive will be further accelerated in coming days to ensure immunity to the citizens of the country. However, there is a section of the community which is still skeptical to the COVID-19 vaccination. This research work has been conducted to analyze the sentiments in the tweets posted in India regarding these two vaccines. The analysis shows that while a majority of the population is posting with positive sentiments towards these vaccines, there are also negative sentiments associated with them, associated with the emotions such as fear and anger.

The International Commission on Education for the 21st Century, also known as the Delors Commission after the name of its Chairperson, submitted its report to UNESCO in 1996. As the Commission stated while forwarding its report to UNESCO, the principal purpose of the report was to "contribute to invigorating a debate that is indispensable, nationally and internationally, on the future of education". While elaborating its two most important recommendations, i.e. lifelong learning and four pillars of learning, the report makes some very perceptive remarks and far-reaching recommendation on the broader meaning and purpose of education. The Commission recommends that teachers' training should at an early stage place emphasis on the four pillars of education discussed in the Report of the Commission. While analysing the main findings and recommendations of the report, it is important to bear in mind the setting in which the Commission was constituted and carried out its work.

As COVID-19 pandemic continues to explode, cancer centers worldwide are trying to adapt and are struggling with this constantly changing scenario. Intending to ensure patient safety and deliver quality care, we sought consensus on the preferred thoracic radiation regimen in a Canadian province with 4 new R's of COVID era.

With almost one third of the world on a lockdown, the corporates and the offices have now rapidly shifted to working from home. Since no specific treatment has been suggested by any medical institution so far, World Health Organization has recommended that the only possible solution to be safe is to self-isolate and stay home. Due to this, the world has come to a screeching halt and the businesses have to be shifted to remote work. Work-from-Home is a very new experience for most of us and hence the perception of the people ranges from being very excited to very hopeless. This study aims to examine the sentiments of the people regarding Work-from-Home concept by analysing twitter activities posted on social media. Total 100,000 tweets were analysed for this study. Results indicate that Work-from-Home concept was taken positively by the people. The emotions associated with most of the tweets were of trust and anticipation indicating that this concept is being welcomed by the people.

This article discusses the challenges faced by fake news and disinformation disseminated through social media platforms in India, and the need for effective legislation and robust regulatory mechanism to deal with the said challenges. A line has to be drawn between the “free speech” that needs to be protected and “disinformation” that needs to be legislated by imposing reasonable restrictions on freedoms of speech and expression. This article, with the aid of Supreme Court judgments on the issue of subordinate legislation, further strives to argue that Indian government’s initiative to legislate the fake news and disinformation through subordinate legislation (Information Technology [Intermediaries Guidelines (Amendment) Rules, 2018) may not achieve the goal as subordinate legislations have their own limitation and cannot travel beyond the scope of enabling Act.

Following the crisis of COVID-19, majority of the world leaders have opted for lockdown, either complete or partial. Two major countries in focus worldwide are USA and India. This study has been conducted in order to assess the sentiments and emotions of the citizens of these two countries in reference to their leaders i.e. Donald Trump in USA and Narendra Modi in India. This study concludes that the sentiments of the Americans are way more negative as compared to the sentiments of Indians. While in India, the trust quotient is more, USA showed more emotions related to surprise.

The adoption of sustainable development goals by 193 countries including India in September 2015 was another milestone in the environmental history of nations where nations moved ahead of the Millennium Development Goals and forged ahead to benchmark the new indices of human welfare. The Hon’ble Indian Supreme Court aptly captures the spirit of this shift when it says, ‘The traditional concept that development and ecology are opposed to each other is no longer acceptable’. The Supreme Court in this very case made the three important principles namely the precautionary principle, polluters pay principle and the concept of sustainable development as a part of the fundamental right regime under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. It is therefore clear that the international commitment, as well as the concept of sustainable development itself, is an integral part of the law of the land in India and therefore the SDGs themselves need to be read more than an international commitment. The real challenge is whether international goals backed up by judicial sanctity has resulted in the details of an executive framework to meet the SDGs or not. The SDG Goal 16, the focus of this paper dealing with ‘Peace, Justice and Institutions’ aims to ‘Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels’. This chapter examines and perhaps deal beyond numbers to ascertain the challenges for meeting the SDG goals, especially Goal 16, and what could be added to the SDG Index in order to really assess the performance of India as a nation towards meeting the SDGs.

On 31 December 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO, Pneumonia of unknown cause in China, 2020) was notified of a cluster of cases with unknown reasons of the people being affected by pneumonia in the Wuhan City, China. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities and experts declared the novel coronavirus as the root cause. It was in that very first instance labeled as Novel Coronavirus (WHO 2019) on February 11, 2020. A new type that has not been found before in human beings, Coronaviruses (CoV) are a diverse family of viruses that cause infections ranging from common colds to greater serious and grave illnesses. Augmenting their surveillance, countries around the world are tracking and finding new 2019-nCoV (novel coronavirus) cases. Use of modern technologies along with healthcare/medical systems is pervasive around the globe for an effective response and reduction of disease outbreak. Along with the evolution of biomedical response, an advanced technological response is also evolving to combat the pandemic. Technologies such as Big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, remote sensing and others are linked to medical technologies for a prompt, rapid and effective response (Shaw et al., Governance, technology and citizen behavior in pandemic: lessons from COVID-19 in East Asia, Prog Disaster Sci 6:10009, 2020). This chapter covers a brief history of epidemics and technology, technology in healthcare, manufacturing production and surveillance under COVID-19 control measures.

Object: To provide a platform to Vice Chancellors, Educational Administrators, College Principals, Deans, Professors, Readers, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors, Scientists, Environmentalist, Researchers, Young scientists and Post Graduate Students to disseminate knowledge related to Ecotourism & Environment. Theme: To take some positive steps towards improving our Ecotourism & Environment for future generation. Goal: The moral obligation to act sustainably as an obligation to protect the natural processes that form the context of human life and culture, emphasizing those large biotic and abiotic systems essential to human life, health, and flourishing culture. Ecotourism and Environment, which are understood as dynamic, self-organizing systems humans have evolved within, must remain 'healthy' if humans are to thrive. The principal goal of this conference will be to present some of the latest outstanding breakthroughs in Ecotourism and Environment, to bring together both young and experienced scientists from all regions of the world, and to open up avenues for research collaborations at regional and global level. The general topics covered in conference will be as under: Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism. Ecosystem: Aquatic, Terrestrial and Areal ecosystem, Ecology, Ecosystem and its conservation measure. Wildlife: Animal Behavior and Wildlife Conservation, Endangered, Threatened and Endemic Species Conservation, Strategy for wildlife conservation. National and World Heritage: Heritage and Tourism, Importance of tourist, Tourist need, Eco-Tourism. Technological Approach for sustainable development: Method and Technique for Ecotourism and Environment management, Bio-indicator, Application of bio-technology, Rural bio-technology, Tools and technique, Bio-markers, Climate change and Ecosystem management. Role of N.G.O. for Ecotourism, Environment, Wildlife and Heritage conservation The general topics covered in the conference: Research Needs in Ecotourism, Research Needs in Environment conservation, Action plane for Ecotourism and Environment, Policy in Ecotourism and Environment conservation, Sustainable Ecotourism Development, Guide and Ecotourism, Role of NGO in Ecotourism, Community based Ecotourism, Role of Biodiversity in Ecotourism, Needs of Stakeholders for Ecotourism, International and National Heritage conservation, Assessment of Environmental impacts of Ecotourism, The Existing Knowledge of Ecotourism, Biological and Ecological Impact of Tourism, Pollution in Tourism area, Environmental study of Tourism area, Natural resource management, Wildlife and Forest conservation, Technological Approach Lab to Land.

The Public Policy doctrine is an unruly horse in India, when it comes to the enforcement of domestic and foreign awards. The main objective behind choosing this topic was to shed light on how public policy has been used by the losing party, in delaying the enforcement of arbitral award, which hampers the whole objective of arbitration. Though one may argue that the 2015 Amendment Act has settled all the controversies regarding public policy and enforcement of arbitral award, the author is of the opinion that there are still some areas that are left unexplored by the Arbitration Amendment Act. The paper primarily focuses on the changing trend of public policy with respect to arbitration in India. In addition, the author has compared the doctrine of public policy in India with that of countries such as France, Russia, United Kingdom and U.SA. The most important contribution of this research paper is that it analyses the validity of patent illegality in domestic arbitration.

This chapter discusses the way exclusion is practised in India despite having the backing of the Constitutional provisions that had strong orientation towards inclusive development. It argues that the major reason for such disparity is due to the focus on economic growth at the cost of neglecting social dimensions and the well-being of people. The chapter also argues that the increase in inequality is due to the adoption of policy that favoured liberalisation and globalisation, which led to disproportionate accrual of benefits. The other issues highlighted include inadequate financing and poor implementation, which affects inclusive development. The chapter also raises concern about the current approach of the government, which focuses on increasing the rank of India in the global index of ‘ease-of-doing business’, while the progress on social sectors like education and health is neglected and left to the mercy of the market force and the rent seeking private sector. The paper concludes stating that, if India is to form a part of the developed nations, it is indispensable and essential to make education and health the linchpin of its national development, accord priority to the sector, earmark resources and deploy the manpower.

This essay examines representations of slavery produced during the peak of the Black Power movement, across a range of fields, including historiography, psychology, political analysis, theater, fiction, popular film, and literary and cultural criticism. Focusing on a cohesive body of work informed by the Black Arts Movement (by writers such as Amiri Baraka, Ronald Fair, Blyden Jackson, John Oliver Killens, Loften Mitchell, Joseph Walker, and John A. Williams) that is largely missing from the canon of post-civil rights literature about slavery, the essay argues that the formal innovations of these literary texts, such as speculative devices of temporal simultaneity and depersonalized modes of characterization, were directly sparked by Black Power discourses of psychological, political, and historical transformation.

The recently instituted case by India against Pakistan before the ICJ follows the trilogy of cases pertaining to violation of Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR). In all three cases, the Court found that Article 36 has been breached and determined that the appropriate relief is ‘review and reconsideration’ of the consequences of such breach by domestic courts of the receiving state. Given the increasingly heightened tension between national security and human rights in the context of terrorism, the Court cannot afford to follow LaGrand and Avena. Doing so would ensure that the Indian national would be executed the way individuals in the previous three cases before the Court did. Yet, the Court’s Article 36 jurisprudence is not the only challenge in the Jadhav case. Questioning the very applicability of VCCR, Pakistan contends that VCCR does not apply to “spies and terrorists” and that KS Jadhav has confessed to being one. Pakistan further claims that, in any event, the applicable law in Jadhav is the bilateral agreement of 2008 between India and Pakistan, not Article 36 of VCCR. Within the framework of Article 38(1) of the Court’s Statute, this article explains how India could persuade the Court to go beyond ‘review and reconsideration’, annul KS Jadhav’s confession and the resultant conviction, and direct a retrial with full consular access. It also explains why Pakistan’s arguments questioning applicability of VCCR are unlikely to prevail even though they raise complex issues of treaty interpretation.

The nation states have emerged and been shaped through an evolutionary process. The major factors triggering their emergence have been rise of capitalism, breakdown of empires, independence of colonial territories and, in recent years, the disintegration of large federal states. The character and the authority of nation states have been shaped initially by the interstate system of the Treaty of Westphalia and largely by the French Revolution and the United Nations (UN) Charter, rise of regionalism and globalisation. Nationalism continues to thrive and remain dominant all over the world mainly because its possible substitutes such as global capitalism, socialist internationalism and UN multilateralism did not prove viable. The major challenges the nation states face today are coping with new problems arising within their territories and those which affect the very survival of mankind. The Indian nationalism embraces the entire variety of elements which go into the making of a nation state. It has been a subject of bitter controversy starting from India’s independence movement. To be true to its ethos reflected in the Indian Constitution, it must remain pluralistic, inclusive and humanitarian.

In recent times, most of the developing countries have concentrated themselves on evolving with the help of Information and Communication Technologies, Republic of Fiji being one of them. Fiji National University, one of the leading universities in Fiji has been playing a very important role for the development of the country. In this paper, the author has evaluated and analyzed the concerns of the in-service students who are studying in Fiji National University. This paper follows the Concern-Based Adoption Model (CBAM) model to evaluate the stages of concern of 109 in-service students who are pursuing Bachelor of Education degree and also teach in primary and secondary schools in Fiji. The results showed that the in-service students have high concerns on the self-oriented levels. The results also exhibited a pattern between teaching experience of these in-service students and their stages of concern. Based on the analysis of results, the necessary steps have been recommended for the development of ICT in education.

Integrated approach is the key to the success of the SDGs. The chapter seeks attention to the issues of decentralisation towards sustainability by drawing upon the attention for managing resources, capacity development and accountability mechanism at the local level in India. Assam was the first state to adopt a state plan for SDGs, namely, ‘Vision Assam 2030’ and set an example for others in terms of decentralised management of SDGs. The chapter discusses its rationale, challenges and draws a roadmap to create awareness, evaluate performance, and improve transparency and inclusion at local governance. Elected representatives and even judiciary have also been mobilised for actualising implementation of SDGs in the State. The chapter suggests, as way forward for localisation of the SDGs at the grassroots level, developing partnership with non-government players, mobilising all kinds of resources and creating an effective monitoring system for SDG implementation.

Shifting cultivation (SC), or swidden, continues to be a predominant agricultural practice in some parts of North-East India despite efforts by the state to discourage that practice. The indigenous people persist in practising SC because it is part of their culture and traditions, because SC means much more to them than a means of livelihood, and also because of the lack of any worthwhile alternative. Empirical analysis revealed that such attachment or bonding takes three forms, namely nature-bonding (attachment to the natural landscape), social bonding (attachment to the local community and traditions), and economic bonding (attachment to the form of livelihood and to the place). In descending order of importance, the reasons were social bonding, lack of alternative livelihoods, economic bonding, and nature-bonding. The study – based on a survey of 500 respondents drawn from 52 villages, representing six states of North-East India –showed that SC is not merely an alternative method of farming but a form of landscape management that has not only evolved over centuries of experimentation but is also inseparable from the culture and the way of life of those who continue to practise SC. Even more important, contrary to the popular notion held by state officials and other agencies, SC provides a sustainable means of livelihood and food security to the indigenous people.

In the search of ways to conserve biodiversity and ensure human well-being, there has already been a growing interest towards implementing Nature based solutions (NbS). Various global agencies works are dynamic in bringing international calls, decades, goals and action into perspective. However, having only ten more years in hand to achieve the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs), entire humanity is bound to face trying period under COVID-19 Pandemic, as the year 2020 commences. Nonetheless, confidence in NbS sustains and is now gaining profound attention by local communities worldwide. Therefore, it is the high time for utilizing NbS for biodiversity conservation and attaining global goals for wellbeing of both people and planet.

A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation (ANSL), State Committee of Science and World Federation of Scientists (WFS), Armenia; Austrian Academy of Sciences and Nationalstiftung fur Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung, Austria; Ministry of Communications and High Technologies, National Nuclear Research Center, Azerbaijan; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil; Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MSTC), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and Ministry of Education of China (MOEC), China; Ministry of Science, Education and Sport and Croatian Science Foundation, Croatia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; The Danish Council for Independent Research–Natural Sciences, the Carlsberg Foundation, and Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark; Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Finland; Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique (CEA) and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF) and GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Germany; General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Research and Religions, Greece; National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary; Department of Atomic Energy Government of India (DAE) and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India; Indonesian Institute of Science, Indonesia; Centro Fermi—Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Italy; Institute for Innovative Science and Technology, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science (IIST), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI, and Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia (CONACYT) y Tecnologia, through Fondo de Cooperacion Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnologia (FONCICYT) and Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (DGAPA), Mexico; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway, Norway; Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), Pakistan; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Peru; Ministry of Science and Higher Education and National Science Centre, Poland; Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Republic of Korea; Ministry of Education and Scientific Research, Institute of Atomic Physics, and Romanian National Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, Romania; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, and National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Russia; Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, Slovakia; National Research Foundation of South Africa, South Africa; Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnologicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Cubaenergia, Cuba, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), Spain; Swedish Research Council (VR) and Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW), Sweden; European Organization for Nuclear Research, Switzerland; National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSDTA), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), and Office of the Higher Education Commission under NRU project of Thailand, Thailand; Turkish Atomic Energy Agency (TAEK), Turkey; National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine; Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), United Kingdom; National Science Foundation of the United States of America (NSF) and United States Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics (DOE NP), United States of America.

We evaluate the impact of educational reforms starting from the mid-1990s in India on the school attendance rate of low-income rural children aged 6–14 compared to ineligible rural children, employing NSSO data from 1983 to 2004/2005. We estimate a triple difference model allowing for differential (linear) trends and find a positive causal effect of school reforms on the school attendance rate of rural low-income children, although somewhat stronger for girls than boys. For both girls and boys in these groups, the increase in attendance rate is driven by the 6–11 age category and by children of scheduled tribe or scheduled caste background.

Purpose of Review: Syringe access programs (SAPs) are cornerstone harm reduction interventions for combatting the national opioid epidemic. The goal of this paper is to describe effective advocacy strategies for enacting syringe decriminalization legislation to foster the expansion of SAPs in high-need areas amidst political opposition. Recent Findings: Decades or research shows that SAPs prevent the transmission of HIV among people who inject drugs (PWID) and are a cost-effective tool for linking PWID to medical care, health education, and social services. In the USA, state laws criminalizing distribution and possession of syringes impede the expansion of SAPs into areas where they are sorely needed. Summary: In 2016, North Carolina became the first state to legalize SAPs with a Republican super majority. This paper distills strategies for community organizations seeking to advance syringe decriminalization legislation in politically conservative states with histories of prioritizing punitive sanctions over public health responses to drug use.

This chapter focuses on the role of India in the trade negotiations in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)/World Trade Organisation (WTO) in the backdrop of the evolving development strategy and trade policy of India since its independence. It analysis the consequences for the Indian economy, of the agreements reached and regimes put in place as a result of the WTO negotiations. The chapter traces the history of India's role in the international trading system, starting from the GATT, covering the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations and going through the negotiations in the various Ministerial Meetings of the WTO. India's position on selected negotiating issues has been analysed in die context of the importance and implications of these issues for India's development. The issues concerned are agriculture, services, non-agricultural market access, the Implementation Issues, Special and Differential Treatment for Developing Countries, Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, regional trade agreements, and the Singapore Issues.

Constitution of India was amended by way of 73rd amendment in 1992, wherein constitution and establishment of Panchayats was made mandatory. It was the resolve of the Parliament to take democracy t...

Suhas Palshikar, K.C. Suri and Yogendra Yadav, eds, Party Competition in Indian States. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2014. 592 pages. ₹1,445.