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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of two typical relationship management approaches (trust relationship with suppliers and reciprocity) on manufacturer resilience in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, this paper aims to deepen the understanding of environmental uncertainty's moderating effect on the association between the trust relationship with suppliers (TRS) and reciprocity. Design/methodology/approach: Structural equation modeling has been used to test the hypotheses on 361 Chinese manufacturing firms' managers and independent directors during the COVID-19 crisis. Findings: The results reveal that reciprocity positively enhances three dimensions of manufacturer resilience, namely, preparedness, responsiveness and recovery capability. Reciprocity positively mediates the relationships between TRS and preparedness, responsiveness and recovery capability. Moreover, environmental uncertainty moderates the association between TRS and reciprocity. Practical implications: This study highlights the critical role of reciprocity, the relational governance approach, in enhancing manufacturer resilience in practice. This paper suggests that during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, managers should adopt trust and reciprocity in supplier relationship governance to strengthen the resilience of manufacturing companies and adapt effective strategies according to the environment. Originality/value: This study is unique in developing new scales of manufacturer resilience through interviews and surveys with Chinese manufacturers and theoretical research. Based on the social capital theory and social exchange theory, this study shed light on the role of trust and reciprocity. It also bridges relational governance theory with the literature on manufacturing firm resilience literature to help manufacturers better understand the transdisciplinary links between relationship management and resilient operations in emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, our world is facing increasing levels of mental illness and mental health disorders. In this paper I explore what both psychology and Christian spirituality have to contribute towards alleviating mental distress and fostering human flourishing. I start by drawing upon both lived experience and the literature to examine the notion of the soul in psychology and Christianity. I argue that both mainstream psychology and modern forms of Christianity have largely neglected the soul and -- by consequence -- lack the tools necessary to foster genuinely holistic human flourishing. Adopting an integrative and dialogical methodological approach, I suggest that a conversation between psychology and Christianity is necessary in order to revive the centrality of the soul and deepen our understanding of the whole human person as a spiritual creature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blakeley B. McShane and Ulf Böckenholt argue for single paper meta‐analysis to be the default statistical tool whenever multiple similar studies of a common phenomenon are published in one paper Blakeley B. McShane and Ulf Böckenholt argue for single paper meta‐analysis to be the default statistical tool whenever multiple similar studies of a common phenomenon are published in one paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a call for papers that should contribute to the unification of behavioral sciences and team management, focusing on the biological origin of cooperation and swarm intelligence, moving from biology to psychology and from sociology to political science, with the help of the theoretical tools of complex networks. This issue should shed light into the origin of ergodicity breaking and contribute to establishing a connection, still lacking theoretical support, between complexity properties that are expected to be correlated. Examples are: non-Poisson renewal events and multi-fractality; complexity matching and chaos synchronization; criticality and extended criticality of small size systems. Although the emphasis is on systems of small size, and especially on the search of the size maximizing both information transport and cooperation emergence, special attention will be devoted to the interaction between small groups and their larger societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience working with theater director Jerzy Grotowski and his exposure to Haitian shamanic traditions in the 1980s.

A growing body of research implicates inflammation as a potential pathway in the aetiology and pathophysiology of some mental illnesses. A systematic review was conducted to determine the association between parasitic infection and mental illnesses in humans in Africa and reviewed the state of the evidence available. The search focused on publications from Africa documenting the relationship between parasites from two parasite groups, helminths and protozoans, and four classifications of mental illness: mood affective disorders, neurotic and stress-related disorders, schizotypal disorders and unspecified mental illnesses. In the 26 reviewed papers, the prevalence of mental illness was significantly higher in people with parasitic infection compared to those without infection, i.e., 58.2% vs 41.8% (P < 0.001). An overall odds ratio found that the association of having a mental illness when testing positive for a parasitic infection was four times that of people without infection. Whilst the study showed significant associations between parasite infection and mental illness, it also highlights gaps in the present literature on the pathophysiology of mental illness in people exposed to parasite infection. This study highlighted the importance of an integrated intervention for parasitic infection and mental illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report by Richard Cook of University College London which found that people copy the gestures of their opponents in games of rock-paper-scissors, suggesting that the brain has evolved to mimic social partners.

Focuses on the impact of the Paper Airplane Contest on the motivation of management training participants. Concept of motivational theory; Determinants of motivation; Procedures of the contest.

The article reports that Susie Orbach, a consultant psychotherapist, has condemned Great Britain's green paper on children’s mental health for its failure to address the part played by its own policies in the rising rates of referral to children and young people’s mental health services.

The article reports on the case of Sharon Morunga, a former nurse from the Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation (AHAC) in the Northern Territory of Australia who presented a paper titled "I Am Not a Racist But..." at the 2013 International Council of Nurses conference in Melbourne, Australia and was fired as a result of her paper four months after the conference. Reaction to the case which was voiced by Australia's Fair Work Commission is discussed.

The article explores issues faced by the field of neurosciences in 2013, when the problems are not only confined to few misleading brain-scans, but are questioning experiments involving action of genes and individual molecules. The issue started in late 2008 when psychology researchers Edward Vul and Harold Pashler published a paper on what they call voodoo correlations, which centers on a profusion of highly implausible fMRI results strongly linking certain behaviors to a part of the brain.

This paper illustrates applications of a new, modern version of quantum logic in quantum cognition. The new logic uses ‘effects’ as predicates, instead of the more restricted interpretation of predicates as projections — which is used so far in this area. Effect logic involves states and predicates, validity and conditioning, and also state and predicate transformation via channels. The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of this effect logic in quantum cognition, via many high-level reformulations of standard examples. The usefulness of the logic is greatly increased by its implementation in the programming language Python . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prof. Pigliucci has a Ph.D. in Evolutionary Biology from the University of Connecticut and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Tennessee. He currently is the K.D. Irani Professor of Philosophy at the City College of New York. His research interests include the philosophy of science, the relationship between science and philosophy, the nature of pseudoscience, and the practical philosophy of Stoicism. Prof. Pigliucci has been elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science "for fundamental studies of genotype by environmental interactions and for public defense of evolutionary biology from pseudoscientific attack." In the area of public outreach, Prof. Pigliucci has published in national and international outlets such as the New York Times, Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal, among others. He is a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and a Contributing Editor to Skeptical Inquirer. He writes a blog on practical philosophy at patreon.com/FigsInWinter. At last count, Prof. Pigliucci has published 162 technical papers in science and philosophy. He is also the author or editor of 12 books, including the bestselling How to Be A Stoic: Using Ancient Philosophy to Live a Modern Life (Basic Books). Other titles include Nonsense on Stilts: How to Tell Science from Bunk (University of Chicago Press), and The Philosophy of Pseudoscience (co-edited with M. Boudry, University of Chicago Press). He discusses: pivotal moments of becoming more skeptical, and early life; on science, pseudoscience, and skepticism as separate streams in life for him; state of science in America; state of pseudoscience in America; the 'line' between science and pseudoscience; psychology, evolutionary psychology, and the lack of an overarching theory in psychology; the definition of cultural evolution; and the difference between mysteries and problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Special Issue "Knowledge Management Systems and Organizational Dynamics" emerges as an articulate contribution consistent with the scope and focus of I Kybernetes. Overall, the paper adds to the existing theoretical evidence by linking inter-firm knowledge flows and new venture development, on the one hand, and by examining the dynamics between VC firms and the collective contribution for the growth of start-ups, on the other. Companies showing a relative "unconscious" attention to KM and implementing KM practices without particular awareness;. [Extracted from the article]

GENERATION Z HAS MADE JEAN TWENGE A LOT OF MONEY. Twenge is not a lone outlier; an analysis for this article found that several well-known academic psychologists do paid speeches and consultancy work and don't declare them in their research papers. Although the psychologists are not being paid by a firm to promote a product, by running a consultancy business based on their own research "they are the firm. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents information from the papers of former U.S. Senator Thomas Eagleton about his selection as Democratic Vice-Presidential nominee by George McGovern in July 1972, and the revelation he had been previously treated for depression. The news forced McGovern to drop Eagleton from the ticket. Eagleton wrote that he had informed McGovern's staff of his medical past, but that neither man felt it would become a major issue. McGovern says he was not informed prior to selecting Eagleton.

Purpose As social networking services are popular, the need for recognizing reliable people has become the main concern. Quantifying the relationships between the users of social networks is also one of the important challenges with the increasing number of users. So, trust plays an important role in social networks in order to recognize trustworthy people. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to recognize trustworthy users and protect users from abuse by untrustable users.Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors suggest a method to measure the trust value between users of social networks based on call log histories such as abundance, novelty, and sincerity and quality of service (QoS) requirements such as accessibility, response ability, tend to respond, and agility. After that, the authors calculate error-hit, precision, and recall to evaluate the trust value.Findings The results indicate that the proposed approach has better performance in terms of error-hit, precision, and recall than FIFO, combined, QoS-based, and call log-based method.Originality/value In this paper, the trust issue in social networks is pointed out and a new approach to evaluate the trust value is proposed based on call log histories and QoS requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on acknowledgement of a mistake by OCR examination board related to a question in the A-level Psychology examination that was not worded correctly.

The article reports that the British Journal of Guidance and Counselling is seeking submissions for a issue on career guidance and counselling for migrants.

Discusses several factors that influence the behavior of users as they read and write with computers. Development of the Andrew system; Comparison of paper against computer as a medium for reading and writing; Directly observable attributes of hardware and software design.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how behavioral descriptions in psychology and group dynamics can be related to four goal-setting processes and to four mode of existence. Design/methodology/approach – Some person A can approach a person B with an inclination to realize one of four goal-setting processes: (1) A sets goals for B; (2) A sets no own goals; (3) A pursues own goals alone; (4) A and B develop mutual goals. Depending on their choice of inclinations an interaction of A and B can lead to four modes of coexistence: (1) Conflict – A and B fight; (2) Hierarchy – A submits to B; (3) Independence in niches – A and B do not interact; (4) Cooperation – A and B work together. The paper investigates how these theoretical options – four inclinations for different goal-set processes and four modes of coexistence – show in behavioral descriptions in psychology and group dynamics. Findings – Psychic states studied in psychology (e.g. by Freud, Berne, Horney) can be related to one of the four inclinations. Interaction patterns studied in group dynamics (e.g. by Steiner, Schindler, Bion) describe aspects of the four modes of coexistence. Practical implications – Behavioral descriptions of various schools of psychology and group dynamics can be classified according to theoretically derivable basic options of goal-orientated behavior. Originality/value – The paper shows the application of a theoretical framework covering all options of goal-orientated behavior available in the behavioral sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In intertemporal choice, it has been found that if the receipt time is closer to the present, then people tend to grow increasingly or decreasingly impatient. This paper develops an axiom system to construct a weighted additive model reflecting nonconstant impatience. By presupposing that an increment in duration is subjectively assessed according to the periods at which advancement occurs, we denote the one-period advanced receipt of outcomes by multiplying the outcomes by the increment on the right. By this right multiplication, we can regard the effect of advance as the decomposition into two factors, i.e., the factor of step-by-step advance accompanied by subdivided durations and the factor of advance based on the total duration. First, the conditions for enabling right multiplication are proposed for the Cartesian product of the underlying set of a generalized extensive structure and a set of durations. Second, the properties derived under these conditions yield a right action on the generalized extensive structure. Finally, the weighted additive model is obtained as a representation of the generalized extensive structure equipped with the right action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, scientists have studied opinion formation in social networks, where information travels via word of mouth. The particularly interesting case is when polar opinions—Democrats versus Republicans or iOS versus Android—compete in the network. The central problem is to design and analyze a model that captures how polar opinions evolve in the real world. In this paper, we propose a general nonlinear model of polar opinion dynamics, rooted in several theories of sociology and social psychology. The model's key distinguishing trait is that unlike in the existing linear models, such as DeGroot and Friedkin–Johnsen models, an individual's susceptibility to persuasion is a function of his or her current opinion. For example, a person holding a neutral opinion may be rather malleable, while “extremists” may be strongly committed to their current beliefs. We also study three specializations of our general model, whose susceptibility functions correspond to different sociopsychological theories. We provide a comprehensive theoretical analysis of our nonlinear models’ behavior using several tools from nonsmooth analysis of dynamical systems. To study convergence, we use nonsmooth max–min Lyapunov functions together with the generalized Invariance Principle. For our general model, we derive a general sufficient condition for the convergence to consensus. For the specialized models, we provide a full theoretical analysis of their convergence—whether to consensus or disagreement. Our results are rather general and easily apply to the analysis of other nonlinear models defined over directed networks, with Lyapunov functions constructed out of convex components. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Quantifying conflicts is recognized as an important issue for handling inconsistencies. Indeed, an inconsistency measure can be employed to support knowledge engineers in building a consistent and usable knowledge base or providing insights on how to repair an inconsistent one. Good measures are supposed to satisfy a set of rational properties. However, defining sound properties is sometimes problematic. In this paper, we emphasize one such property, named dominance , rarely satisfied by syntactic measures. Based on prime implicates canonical representation, we first introduce the notion of conflicting variable and use it to refine an existing inconsistency measure defined by minimally unsatisfiable sets (MUSes). Then, we provide a semantics characterization allowing us to establish relationships with multi-valued semantics. Secondly, we propose a new measure based on the notion of deduced MUSes (DMUSes), to circumscribe the internal conflicts in a given knowledge base. We also prove that this measure satisfies a new but weaker form of dominance. Finally, we show how inconsistency measures based on hitting sets of minimal inconsistent sets can be extended using hitting sets of DMUSes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an easy to follow tutorial on the free-energy framework for modelling perception developed by Friston, which extends the predictive coding model of Rao and Ballard. These models assume that the sensory cortex infers the most likely values of attributes or features of sensory stimuli from the noisy inputs encoding the stimuli. Remarkably, these models describe how this inference could be implemented in a network of very simple computational elements, suggesting that this inference could be performed by biological networks of neurons. Furthermore, learning about the parameters describing the features and their uncertainty is implemented in these models by simple rules of synaptic plasticity based on Hebbian learning. This tutorial introduces the free-energy framework using very simple examples, and provides step-by-step derivations of the model. It also discusses in more detail how the model could be implemented in biological neural circuits. In particular, it presents an extended version of the model in which the neurons only sum their inputs, and synaptic plasticity only depends on activity of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study dynamic evolution of passenger emotional contagion among different flights emerging in mass flight delays, so as to quantitatively analyze emotional variation tendencies and influences of concerned factors and intervention measures.Design/methodology/approach An intervening variable of group emotion was introduced into emotional contagion model to simulate passenger emotional evolution among multi-flight groups. Besides, personalities, characters and social relationships were considered to represent individual differences in emotional changes. Based on personal contact relationships, emotional contagion model was proposed to evaluate cross-emotion transition processes among different groups under scenarios of information shortage. Eventually, evolutionary processes of passenger emotions were fused in an agent-based simulation based on social force correction model.Findings Simulation experiment results revealed that passenger emotions suffer from combined impacts of individual emotional changes and emotional interactions among adjacent flights through a comparison with actual survey. Besides, emotional interactions accelerate processes of emotion transitions, and have significant impacts on adjacent flights when different measures are taken. Moreover, taking intervention measures simultaneously seems more effective than implementing intervention successively.Originality/value The proposed method makes up for deficiency of ignoring effects of emotional interactions among adjacent flights. It contributes to providing control methods and strategies for relevant departments and improving the efficiency and ability of handling passenger collective events in mass flight delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we propose an inversion-based methodology for the computation of a feedforward action for the propofol intravenous administration during the induction of hypnosis in general anesthesia. In particular, the typical initial bolus is substituted with a command signal that is obtained by predefining a desired output and by applying an input–output inversion procedure. The robustness of the method has been tested by considering a set of patients with different model parameters, which is representative of a large population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Professor Daryl Bem and his case for extra sensory perception. He wrote "Feeling the Future," a peer-reviewed paper the American Psychologists Association's "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" will publish in March 2011. The paper revealed evidence supporting the existence of precognition. According to the author, Bem's paper has received arch disdain and frothing rejection from the scientific community. Bem is a professor emeritus at Cornell University.

Abstract: This paper deals with a computer programme offering a valid simulation of cognitive human processes related to representation changes while problem solving. An introductory and brief recollection of preceding contributions by psychologists, cognitive scientists and AI researchers provides the necessary background and motivation for our work. A relevant trend of the present research concerns the formal mathematical study of representation phenomena, including precisions about isomorphic and homomorphic representation changes. In order to simplify problem resolution processes, the implemented system performs certain representation changes, by making use of specific procedures which assign and modify a certain relevance value to every attribute involved in the problem representation, on behalf of their respective importance so as to actually solve the problem. The paper includes a full account of mathematical definitions and propositions involved in this system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Previous algorithms for unrestricted constraint satisfaction use reduction search, which inferentially removes values from domains in order to prune the backtrack search tree. This paper introduces partition search, which uses an efficient join mechanism instead of removing values from domains. Analytical prediction of quantitative performance of partition search appears to be intractable and evaluation therefore has to be by experimental comparison with reduction search algorithms that represent the state of the art. Instead of working only with available reduction search algorithms, this paper introduces enhancements such as semijoin reduction preprocessing using Bloom filtering. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose - This paper seeks to present a proposal to change the form in which knowledge is produced in Colombia. Design/methodology/approach - Discusses the key issue - to transform the way in which the production of knowledge is currently taking place at the university level. Findings - To be able to increase the production of knowledge in this country there is a need to create bonds among industrial, governmental, and academic institutions. It is believed that this can be done by the development of a system capable of continuously forming researchers at a doctoral level. Originality/value - The paper puts forward a proposal for the construction of such a system based on the developments of organizational cybernetics. The proposal is based on the concept of autonomy which is crucial to solve this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the abandonment of exotic animals by pet owners. Topics include the growth of the Burmese python population in the Everglades swamp in Florida, work by researchers Oliver C. Stringham and Julie L. Lockwood in their paper "Pet Problems: Biological and Economic Factors That Influence the Release of Alien Reptiles and Amphibians by Pet Owners" online with the periodical "Journal of Applied Ecology" in August 2018, and the negative impact of pythons on their prey.

The Rescorla–Wagner model has been a leading theory of animal causal induction for nearly 30 years, and human causal induction for the past 15 years. Recent theories (especially Psychol. Rev. 104 (1997) 367) have provided alternative explanations of how people draw causal conclusions from covariational data. However, theoretical attempts to compare the Rescorla–Wagner model with more recent models have been hampered by the fact that the Rescorla–Wagner model is an algorithmic theory, while the more recent theories are all computational. This paper provides a detailed derivation of the long-run behavior of the Rescorla–Wagner model under a wide range of parameters and experimental setups, so that the model can be compared with computational theories. It also shows that the model agrees with competing theories on a wider range of cases than had previously been thought. The paper concludes by showing how recently suggested modifications of the Rescorla–Wagner model impact the long-run behavior of the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper investigates the classical type I and type II error probabilities of default Bayes factors for a Bayesian t test. Default Bayes factors quantify the relative evidence between the null hypothesis and the unrestricted alternative hypothesis without needing to specify prior distributions for the unknown parameters based on one’s prior beliefs. It is shown that in most typical situations in psychological research (when either observing no, small, medium or large effects) default Bayes factors are asymmetric in information, i.e., they result in unequal error probabilities. The tendency to either prefer the null hypothesis or the alternative hypothesis varies for different default Bayes factors. Although this asymmetry in information is a natural property of a Bayes factor, severe cases of asymmetry may be undesirable in a default setting because the underlying default priors are not a translation of one’s prior beliefs. A calibration scheme is presented to make a default Bayes factor symmetric in information under certain conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This note is a discussion commenting on the paper by Ly et al. on “Harold Jeffreys’s Default Bayes Factor Hypothesis Tests: Explanation, Extension, and Application in Psychology” and on the perceived shortcomings of the classical Bayesian approach to testing, while reporting on an alternative approach advanced by Kamary et al. (2014) as a solution to this quintessential inference problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saliency maps that integrate individual feature maps into a global measure of visual attention are widely used to estimate human gaze density. Most of the existing methods consider low-level visual features and locations of objects, and/or emphasize the spatial position with center prior. Recent psychology research suggests that emotions strongly influence human visual attention. In this paper, we explore the influence of emotional content on visual attention. On top of the traditional bottom–up saliency map generation, our saliency map is generated in cooperation with three emotion factors, i.e., general emotional content, facial expression intensity, and emotional object locations. Experiments, carried out on National University of Singapore Eye Fixation (a public eye tracking data set), demonstrate that incorporating emotion does improve the quality of visual saliency maps computed by bottom–up approaches for the gaze density estimation. Our method increases about 0.1 on an average of area under the curve of receiver operation characteristic curve, compared with the four baseline bottom–up approaches (Itti’s, attention based on information maximization, saliency using natural, and graph-based vision saliency). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]