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Around five exabytes (5 billion gigabytes) of information was created in 2002, up from around two exabytes in 1999, according to the latest "How Much Information?" survey produced by the School of Information Management and Systems at the University of California in Berkeley. Overall, the amount of information being produced is growing by 30% a year. America is the single largest producer, producing around half of the new information on magnetic and optical media, and a third of the paper-based and film-based information. The researchers, led by Peter Lyman and Hal Varian, also estimated the volume of information flows through electronic channels, such as telephone calls, radio and television transmissions, and internet traffic.