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BOOK & the ARTS NOW THAT WE KNOW HOW THE UNITED States' generation-long misadventure in depressing cer's Afghanistan in Craig experience The Whitlock's ended, Afghanistan in 2005, one excellent Army Papers: recounted and offiA Secret History of the War, takes on an elevated salience. From a counterterrorism perspective, the United States is now dependent on the Taliban to live up to their claim that they will not let Afghanistan be used again as a base for global terrorist attacks by Al Qaeda or some successor group. The United States would never have invaded Afghanistan simply to keep the Taliban at bay, but now it had to stay and fight them because it was already there. A decade and a half of grinding counterinsurgency warfare and expensive nation-building efforts later, President Donald Trump made a deal with the Taliban under which the United States would withdraw its forces in 2021. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides the New Zealand Defence White Paper of 2010 which balances the policy objectives, strategic outlook and fiscal context of the country's government. It mentions the contribution of its defence on national security interests involving safety and security in it border and approaches, international order based on sovereignty, and strong international link network. An overview of the country strategic outlook to 2035 is also presented.

The paper aims at exploring the reasons behind China-US rapprochement giving priority to the Chinese perspective. This allows to deal with Nixon’s visit not as an isolated event but as an historical process that has been built over time in order to give international legitimacy to an ideological project. It will be noted, indeed, that the essential conditions that the Chinese communist party presupposes for the development of diplomatic relations with the United States, have been reproposed in various forms over t [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues related to the potential impact of the use of bitcoin and other virtual currencies on the national security in the U.S. Mentioned are efforts of the government to secure the financial service sector against terrorists' organization. Noted is the verified attempt of Ibn Taymiyyah Media Center, an online jihadist propaganda organization, to raise funds through bitcoin.

The article presents a discussion of the documents of the U.S. Department of Defense, adapted from the book "Necessa Secrets: National Security, the Media, and the Rule of Law," by Gabriel Schoenfeld.

Profiles U.S. Senator John Forbes Kerry, the Democratic presidential candidate for the presidential election in November 2004. Foreign policy credibility; Overview of his national security plans; Strategies for fighting terrorism; Discussion on his economic plan and energy policies; Analysis of his vision for health care and education.

Reports on the implementation of the national identification (ID) card system in the U.S. Details of national security in line with the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack; Discussion on individual privacy in creating national ID; Discriminatory actions toward the minority.

The article offers information on the white paper published by the German government which feature its security policy and the German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr). It mentions that the 2016 white paper highlights the increasing violence in the security environment of the country brought by the Russian government in the European continent.

The white paper is the 10th on the county's national defense since 1998 and the first since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 2012, which called on the country to accelerate the modernization of its national defense and armed forces. These endeavors are beneficial for the international community to recognize, understand and support China's national defense policy, especially its military and security strategies, according to Zhao. The white paper thoroughly describes the state of national defense and the military after reform, and responds to domestic and international concerns on China's military reform. [Extracted from the article]

Due to the deterioration of China's external environment in general, and its escalating tensions with the United States in particular, the Chinese government has readjusted its economic development strategy. As delineated in Beijing's 14th Five-Year Plan, which was unveiled in mid-March of this year, China will invest in efforts designed to strengthen its economic security and better protect its economy from external economic threats. These initiatives include science and technology self-sufficiency, secure supply chains in its manufacturing economy, growth sustained by domestic demand, and food and energy security. Although these efforts seem attractive on paper, China will likely encounter immense challenges in trying to implement its new development strategy. Chinese leaders may have underestimated the potential costs of strengthening national security at the expense of global integration. Beijing's disappointing records in executing industrial policy and rebalancing its economy also raise doubts whether it will be able to meet its ambitious goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the Australian Department of defense has released Defense White Paper 2013 which outlines the new international setting influencing national security. It discusses several programs in the paper which include replacing the eight Anzac-class frigates, developing the MH-60R Seahawk helicopters and to replace six Huon-class mine vessels. It also mentions that the Royal Thai Navy has chosen Daewoo Ship building and Marine Engineering to build frigates for sea service.

This article reports on the white paper "China's Military Strategy," issued by China in May 2015, which outlines a plan that unifies strategic defense and operational and tactical offense and mentions the critical security domains highlighted in the paper.

The article offers information on Emily Armitage, the winner of American Foreign Service Association's (AFSA) Strategic Writing Award. It recognizing her research paper on the overuse of the term "war" and its impact on policy decisions; emphasizing the importance of clear semantics in shaping national security responses; and highlighting her extensive background as a Foreign Service officer and her diplomatic experience.

A recently released white paper by Leidos titled "Mental Health Stigma and the U.S. Security Clearance Review Process" highlights the progress made in reducing mental health stigma in the national security space, while also acknowledging the need for further steps to support cleared professionals and encourage potential applicants. The report emphasizes that mental health issues are not a one-size-fits-all concern and can vary between agencies. It also addresses the lack of transparency in the security clearance process and the need for better understanding among mental health professionals. The whole person concept, which recognizes that no single issue, including mental health, will result in a clearance denial or revocation, is crucial to improving communication and promoting diversity in the national security community. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) and cases dealing with civil liberty. The ACM is an international scientific and educational organization, sewing both professional and public interests. It has been held that there is no such thing as overzealous enforcement of liberties. This is not acceptable to those who subscribe to ACM Code of Ethics, section 1.7 concerning respect for the privacy of others as a moral imperative. The exception is solely in cases where it is evidence for the violation of law, organizational regulations, or this Code. In these cases, the nature or contents of that information must be disclosed only to proper authorities. In the Zacarias Moussaoui case, the FBI was denied permission to access private data not by the custodians of the data but by the custodians of the law itself, the judiciary; because they lacked probable cause. The Fourth Amendment, which holds that the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

The article describes the currency adopted by Malaysia in 1996. The banknotes represent Malaysia's goal of becoming a fully developed country by the year 2020. The six denominations of the Malaysian currency, known as ringgit, include state-of-the-art security features and modern symbols of transportation and communications. The article details the security features hidden in the design of the currency to prevent counterfeiting.

The article offers information on white paper, titled China's Position on the China and the U.S Economic and Trade Consultations issued by the State Council Information Office of China. It mention that China made it clear that the U.S. initiated economic and trade friction damages; and also mention challenges related to National Security Strategy of the U.S. in which China was defined as its biggest strategic competitor of the U.S.

Presents several letters concerning on the use of computer softwares in the United States. Discussion on the reduction of the magnitude of complexity of a song; Evaluation on computer software systems safety; Examination on the status of prepublication review of papers in cryptology by the National Security Agency.

Focuses on the implication of the disclosed Pentagon papers, which have been maneuvered by intelligence officer Daniel Ellsberg, for the administration of President Richard Nixon and the national security issues in the U.S. Opinion that pro-Democratic federal bureaucrats hostile to President Richard Nixon would be tempted to imitate Ellsberg and slip newsmen potentially embarrassing tips on domestic and national security policies; Views expressed by various politicians that this has been attempt to seal off any leaky spots in the government; Confirmation on future disclosures following the Ellsberg precedent; Impact of the administration's response on the Watergate investigation.

In 1943, with the war against Japan intensifying in the Pacific, Dr. L.F. Fisser of the National Defense Research Committee designed a tiny incendiary bomb for the use of the U.S. Army Air Force. The two-ounce bomb was to be dropped on Japan affixed to free-tailed bats, of which there happened to be an ample supply in Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico. The bat bombs were to be chilled to hibernating temperature in ice-cube trays, packed 180 to a box and sprung free at a thousand feet above the ground, where they would thaw and, in great hunger, swoop down on the wood and paper homes of Tokyo. Something may be insane, but it is only crackpot when it doesn't work. Another plan to bring the total warfare concept to the Japanese capital was conceived by General Curtis LeMay.

The article presents an overview of the report, An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security, that made headlines internationally after the release of its findings. It remains unclear what effect the report may have with regard to the US climate policy. On the other hand, the report's seven preparedness recommendations appear prudent, particularly with respect to national security. The report's executive summary concludes that because of the potentially dire consequences, the risk of abrupt climate change, although uncertain and quite possibly small, should be elevated beyond a scientific debate to a U.S. national security concern.

The article offers information on a policy paper called "China's National Defense in 2008," launched by Defence ministry spokesman Hu Changming. Such paper portrays China as a power that would use military force and sees territorial integrity as top priority. The policy paper also emphasized China's reference of Tibet among major threats.

The article reports on the publication of the "White Paper on National Defense" by the Chinese government in December 2006 according to Xinhua News Agency. The government publication highlights the Chinese national defense including security environment and national defense policy to the People's Liberation Army and armed police force. The Information Office of the State Council released the white paper. The publication also reported defense spending in 2005 and 2006.

Presents a call for papers for the U.S. Reserve Officers Association National Security Report published in the periodical "The Officer." Recommended topics; Length of the paper; Submission schedules.

The article reports on the release of the 2014 China National Security Studies Report by the Center for International Strategy and Security Studies at the University of International Relations and the Social Sciences Academic Press.

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze provisions in the existing US laws and government directives for deployment, vigilance and persistence in managing homeland security. Design/methodology/approach – Within about a year after the September 11 terrorist attacks, the US Congress passed various new laws and the executive branch of the government issued a series of directives to maintain domestic security. The approach of the study is to analyze the provisions of the laws and the directives with an aim of seeing how these will enable risk management considering that the resources are not unlimited. Findings – The existing laws and directives enhance the ability of the USA to manage domestic incidents by establishing a single, comprehensive national incident management system. However, the major impediment to risk management is currently the lack of ability to share critical information among federal, state, local, tribal, public and private sector organizations. The government and private sectors should work together to form partnerships and to improve the flow of information. To make risk management processes truly effective, people need to be educated on their advantages and disadvantages so that they can use such tools appropriately to help them prioritize and allocate resources. Originality/value – The paper advances research and strategies to manage homeland security and eliminate or at least reduce the risk of terrorist attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the role of U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) on domestic and foreign intelligence operations in national security. Inclusions of the undisclosed operations; Overview of the cases; Complications of the Plumbers' operations involving relationship with the CIA; Information that the White House was engaged in secret intelligence operations even before the publication of the Pentagon papers and other news leaks.

Focuses on policy decisions of the National Security Council (NSC) that led the U.S. into war with Vietnam. Reasons for the U.S. to the Communist attack on South Korea in June 1950; Comment on the foreign policy of the U.S. mentioned in NSC paper regarding Vietnam; Reports that in September, 1949, the Soviets exploded their first atomic bomb, about five years ahead of expectations by American and European experts; Observations on the new power relationship in the world, with the U.S. and the Soviet Union occupying the terminal poles.

THE British tend to be uncomfortable about the idea of the state keeping tabs on them. Compulsory identity cards, in use during two world wars, were quickly abandoned in peacetime. Seven years ago, a Conservative home secretary, Michael Howard, was forced into a humiliating retreat after failing to convince colleagues that the time and the technology were ripe for another attempt. Given this history, it is hardly surprising that the current home secretary, David Blunkett, is approaching the issue cautiously. The home secretary is now pressing the case for a universal ID card, using the 80m passports and driving licences now in circulation as the basis for a national register. Illegal immigration is one reason why Mr Blunkett is so keen on the idea. Support for ID cards was part of the deal Mr Blunkett did recently with the French interior minister, Nicolas Sarkozy, to close the Sangatte refugee camp, because the French believe that their absence encourages immigrants. Blunkett's other main claim for a national ID card is that it would help tackle identity fraud.

Expresses good-humored disappointment over the fact that the FBI has no file on the author, Michael Ervin.

The author offers insights on the May 2017 white paper "The Future Navy," issued by U.S. Navy (USN) Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) John Richardson. Topics discussed include the sense of urgency demonstrated by Richardson with regard to military technology development and deployment, the increase in maritime traffic which may be attributed to international trade, and the national security capabilities of the USN.

The author offers insights on the 2017 white paper "The Future Navy," issued by U.S. Navy (USN) Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) John Richardson. Topics discussed include the way the document provided outlook for the USN fleet architecture, acknowledgment of maritime challenges associated with the growing power of China and Russia, and the necessity of USN expansion to address national security issues and competition with other countries.

A proper weapon system is very important for a national defense system. Generally, it means selecting the optimal weapon system among many alternatives, which is a multipleattribute decision making (MADM) problem. This paper proposes a new mathematical model based on the response surface method (RSM) and the grey relational analysis (GRA). RSM is used to obtain the experimental points and analyze the factors that have a significant impact on the selection results. GRA is used to analyze the trend relationship between alternatives and reference series. And then an RSM model is obtained, which can be used to calculate all alternatives and obtain ranking results. A real world application is introduced to illustrate the utilization of the model for the weapon selection problem. The results show that this model can be used to help decision-makers to make a quick comparison of alternatives and select a proper weapon system from multiple alternatives, which is an effective and adaptable method for solving the weapon system selection problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on 'National Security Strategy of the United States of America,' a formal strategic paper on how U.S. President George W. Bush intends to secure the country. Kinds of evil he wants to destroy; Foreign and domestic criticisms against the national security strategy; Reasons of the executive branch for devising the paper. INSET: George W. Bush: Freedom Fighter.

This paper presents arguments for why defense programs creating physical systems should clearly separate three developmental phases from each other: research, development and design. Research is to be performed first by small teams of scientists addressing the "unknown unknowns" and maturing fundamental science from TRL of 1 to about 3. Next, development of physical modules is to be performed by small and highly specialized engineers. Finally, the system-level design should focus on efficient trading off the module locations, sizes and shapes versus system performance, mass, power requirements, etc. The design with all modules mature and available is equivalent to a car design: to be performed by competent engineers but quite well established. A small cohesive and co-located Program Management team with excellent Systems Engineers and Architects, led by a permanent Program Manager/ Chief Engineer should manage all program phases, assuring smooth transitions between the expert teams and phases. The small weight penalty which may result from the above approach is compensated by orders of magnitude larger savings due to shorter program schedule and optimized engineering effort. Examples are cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the article "Why Our Defence Forces Face Terminal Decline" by Jim Molan on the development and implementation of the national defence policy by Australian government. It states that Molan's article was based on failure of the government to finance the policy set in 2009 defence White Paper. It mentions that along with financial problem, political and cultural challenges are also present as the members of parliament and ministers show no interest in defence.

The article discusses the provisions of the government's proposed national security reform in Australia. He cites the paper titled "Equipping Emerging and Evolving Threats," which forces orders Internet service providers to gather online data of all Australians and store them for two years. However, the author contends the need for the government to clarify the purpose of the proposed reform and its general reference to the threat of cybercrime.

The article reports on the uncertain implementation of a 2009 defence white paper which aimed to purchase 12 new submarines in Australia. It says that the said program might not be realized because of the potential transfer of defence funds from capital equipment programs to expenditures. It notes the need for the Australian government to manage the budget cuts of the Defence Department because submarine operations are crucial to the country's national security.

India is economically one of the fastest growing nations in the world and if this high growth rate can be sustained then it can easily modernize its armed services. The reason why India has been trying to arm itself is because it wants to see itself as a major super power in the world and the evidence of this fact can be sought in the new modifications which are being proposed in the military doctrine and India's defence shopping list. This paper aims at examining India's defence modernization and expansion schemes which are set to be fulfilled by 2020 and to draw a comparison of India's existing and forecasted defence inventory with Pakistan's defence inventory in order to better understand how these military modernization and expansion programs, India can use as a policy tool to undermine Pakistan's national security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Liberia's reconstruction by external actors and it analyses in particular Liberia's Governance and Economic Management Assistance Programme (GEMAP), a program which implies co-signatures by international experts for state expenditures. The paper argues that Liberia is in a paradoxical situation between conditioned partnership and co-sovereignty with its international partners, which is neither voluntary, nor clearly imposed. The author adopts a theoretical framework based en path-dependency to enhance the understanding of this phenomenon. She analyses the basis and the functions of GEMAP to illustrate this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the structure of the defence forces in France. It states that White Paper, a new document was brought out in 2008 designated to take account of the global changes as well as to ponder on the emergence of new threats and crises such as terrorism and organised crime. An overview of the country's general data, government and economy is also presented.

This article is a revised and updated version of a paper originally published as Institutionalizing Adaptation: It's Time for a Permanent Army Advisor Corps by the Center for a New American Security in June 2007. These views are the author's own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that the U.S. is underestimating Russian President Vladimir Putin's strategy to increase Russia's influence on the world stage according to a white paper. It mentions that the U.S. is ill-equipped to counter the political warfare Russia is waging against democracies. It also mentions need for the U.S. to establish cooperation with Russia in key areas in the realm of nuclear weapons and also mentions about national security threat faced by the U.S.

The article reports on a detailed examination undertaken by British Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) and Home Office to determine the security risks posed by the Muslim population in Great Britain. The study drew on the assessments of MI5 domestic intelligence agency in Great Britain. The findings revealed that jihadi groups were heavily recruiting educated British Muslims. Also cited were Muslims' social marginalization and a perceived anti-Islamic bias of British foreign and security policies as key contributors to the inclination of some toward extremism and violence. The primary goals of the FCO/Home Office paper are to isolate extremists within the Muslim community and to provide support to moderates.

Focuses on the lack of debate on national defense issues in Australia. Announcement of a revised Defence Capability Plan by the government; Information on the "Defence White Paper" published in December 2000; Importance of defense policy.

Analyzes the national security strategy (NSS) of U.S. President George W. Bush and how it could represent the most sweeping shift in U.S. strategy since the Cold War. Bush's equation of terrorists with tyrants as sources of danger; The legal basis for preemptive attacks; The need for hegemony; The issue of removing the causes of terrorism and tyranny; How Bush's NSS differs from its predecessors; Possible sources of weaknesses in the NSS; The search for support from U.S. allies. INSET: Power's Paper Trail.

Argues that to combat terrorism in the U.S., the nation's ports need a costly security upgrade. Arrest by the Coast Guard in Florida of a drug dealer for selling fake crew-member papers to leaders of a Philippine terrorist group with ties to al Qaeda; Potential financial effects of 'dirty bombs' that could be put in shipping containers from abroad; Guidelines under the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act; Observation that the government has contributed far less money to maritime security than it has to airline security; Argument that increasing maritime security is a greater challenge than increasing airline security because of logistics; Costs of new safety measures and money shortfalls.

The article criticizes Francis Fukuyama's paper "The End of History?" The paper has not even a word on the economy of war for one thing, or on the national security state. It may be true that millions of people across the globe now yearn for the standard of living enjoyed by the American middle class, but the very existence of this standard, which is flaunted with the same lack of consideration as Fukuyama brings to the study of history, is creating a historic crisis of expectations. Making much of a "victory" in the cold war, which is to say that any fool can declare an end to a conflict the scope of which he vastly exaggerated in the first place, Fukuyama addresses a feverish ode to the joys of the free market.

The article focuses on the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the Australian defence policy. Topics discussed include Australian defence policy's focus on self-reliance, Australia's National Security Policy, and the 2013 Defence White Paper released by Australia which focused on security and defence cooperation of country with its neighbors.

This paper deals with re-emergence and threat posed by infectious diseases around the world. Since World War II, public health strategy has focused on the eradication of microbes. During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund devised investment policies based on the assumption that economic modernization should come first and improved health would naturally follow. In the fall of 1994 the New York City Department of Health and the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service took steps to prevent plague-infected passengers from India from disembarking at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport. Population expansion raises the statistical probability that pathogens will be transmitted, whether from person to person or vector --insect, rodent, or other--to person. Urbanization and global migration propel radical changes in human behavior as well as in the ecological relationship between microbes and humans. Almost invariably in large cities, sex industries arise and multiple-partner sex becomes more common, prompting rapid increases in sexually transmitted diseases. The estimated direct and indirect costs of the disease are expected to top $500 billion by the year 2000, according to the Global AIDS Policy Coalition at Harvard University. The pneumonic plague epidemic in Surat, India vividly illustrated three crucial national security issues in disease emergence: human mobility, transparency, and tensions between states up to and including the threat of biological warfare.