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The aim of this paper is to propose a new approach for the automatic treatment of linguistic vagueness. Our motivation is the feeling that most existing approaches dealing with linguistic information are based on converting vague meaning into crisp meaning using some conversions to precise measurements. As a result, existing approaches are adequate and easy to implement, but do not closely model the human thought process. To help alleviate this deficiency, we propose the use of linguistic relations to provide a natural language interface to an end user. We show a possible linguistic Prolog model based on an extension of the syntactic unification algorithm using synonymy and antonymy, as well as the extension of the resolution principle. Our approach does not aim to provide a well-founded formal semantics for such a linguistic Prolog, but a simple model supported by two experiments focused on the use of vague language, both of them executed in Spanish (an analysis of the data of the first experiment it is also available in that language at [1]). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the mechanization of approximate reasoning by being respectful of the semantics of the vague terms involved in it; i.e., by paying attention to how they are evaluated by linguistic users under experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The AAOS Annual Meeting in 2024 will be held in San Francisco from February 12 to 16. The meeting will offer a wide range of educational opportunities, including paper presentations, posters, symposia, panel sessions, expert sessions, debates, industry exhibits, and more. The meeting will also feature an emphasis on case-study presentations and will provide opportunities for attendees to earn CME hours and fulfill professional obligations. The meeting will include the OrthoDome experience, which offers immersive surgical videos, and will have a mobile app to help attendees navigate the event. The meeting will also include activities and events for orthopaedic surgery residents, Spanish-language programming, and will welcome Chile as the 2024 Guest Nation. [Extracted from the article]

This paper analyzes the instructions embedded in the meaning of the evidential points of view materialized by the encontrar [find] + direct object + objective predicative structure and by different tenses (conditional, imperfect, morphological future and periphrastic future) in Spanish. Besides, to show similarities and divergences between Spanish and French on this topic, translations of those structures into the latter language are proposed. The corpus is composed by actual statements taken from the CREA and Internet news portals. The theoreticalmethodological framework is provided by the Dialogical Approach to Argumentation and Polyphony, which, unlike referentialist and cognitivist perspectives of evidentiality, characterizes the evidential meaning in relation to the dialogical and polyphonic-argumentative representation posed by the enunciation regarding the discursive cause that triggers it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at showing the areas of coincidence and dissidence between the Spanish and Italian languages and the possible consequences that the contrastive factor has on the possibility of intercomprehension and on the perspective of learning both as foreign languages. The topics of intercomprehension and the learning of foreign languages are associated not only with the concepts enunciated by Umberto Eco for Romance languages, but also with languages with less structural affinity. Our focus is the pragmatic distinctions beyond structural similarities and differences, arguing that the problem of the distance and proximity of two languages is centered on cultural heritage, rather than being strictly linguistic. To this end we provide didactic resources verified in university experience which can serve to channel and make explicit the intercultural experiences of future professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to analyze, quantitatively, the contiguity relations that are established among the words appearing in the individual lists from which the lexical availability glossaries are created. To do so, a contiguity index has been developed; it allows measuring the relevance of the association between two given words when they appear together in the above mentioned lists. The paper shows the calculation of this index and offers a way to graphically represent the net of words that derives from the analysis of the individual lists of a given center of interest. The corpus that has been used for the calculation is the Léxico Disponible de la Comunidad the Madrid, which surveyed 600 informants on 20 centers of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the properties of preceding pronominal subjects in Caribbean Spanish and to provide an appropriate syntactic analysis for them. On the basis of the Head to Spec movement hypothesis proposed by Matushansky, Vicente and Citko, among others, we propose a novel analysis con cerning the conventional assumption in licensing null subjects. Concretely, it is assumed that the preceding pronominal subject is a spelled out element of the verb that has moved to Spec-IP, and this operation is realized as a clause-level compensation for the weakening of verbal inflection in Caribbean Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to explain the alternation between the prepositions a and de when used as complements to the adjectives contrario 'contrary', diferente 'different', and distinto 'distinct', as illustrated in Yo no fui distinta __mi madre 'I wasn't different __my mother', where both prepositions can be inserted. Relying on Langacker's3 notion of construal, the hypothesis is that a construes the comparison in the sense of 'direction toward' while de construes it in the sense of 'separation' or 'point of departure', and that these senses should be reflected in the usage contexts of the two prepositions. The quantitative analysis of some 800 cases extracted from Davies'4 two billion word Corpus del español, however, shows no indication of a and de setting up different construals. This lack of correlation between usage and semantics appears to be due to the diachronic generalization of a as complement of the three adjectives, thus relegating the use of de to specific collocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After careful consideration of the need to update the term "cultura" (one of the most consulted words in the online DLE), a detailed, diacronic and comparative analysis is made of this and other current dictionaries in order to point out posible lexicographic shortcomings that would justify updating their microstructures. As a result, a better selection of lexicographic sources, as well as the need to provide adequate cultural information as demanded by the type of dictionary users, are some of the remedies recommended in this paper. Finally, a proposal is put forward exemplifying the meaning of lexicographic culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the data and current models for the study of the language from the economic perspective -language economics-, this paper aims to show how the economic value of the Spanish language is perceived in the media and how news about it contribute to construct an imaginary that legitimates the value of language. To this end, a corpus consisting of texts from the Spanish periodical press between the years 2001 and 2017 is analyzed. The quantitative analysis shows the discontinuity/permanence of the discourse over time and its linkage with the media. The qualitative analysis reveals the three features that identify this type of discourse: the insistence on quantification, the enhancement of the symbolic value of language and the repetition and thematic exhaustion. This investigation is an empirical-critical work that uses tools from both Economic science and Socio-Discursive analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1900s, the linguistic theory has found support in the concept of objective conjugation to explain the clitic doubling structures in Spanish. Nevertheless, these examples are not all regarded as falling within that label, and indeed only a small number manifest the properties of this phenomenon in a robust way. From this perspective, this work analyses the contexts in which the category objective conjugation is relevant under the terms that will be judged here as generally accepted by the Grammar today. Given its contrastive approach, this paper first examines the compliance of those requirements in the Spanish peninsular standard. The aim is to transfer then this analysis to the variety spoken in the Basque Country, whose pronominal system and particular clitic doubling processes suggest, as it will be corroborated here, a stronger stability in the manifestation of the objective conjugation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociodemographic conditions of rural Castilian regions have undergone many changes in the last 80-90 years. If one or two surveys in a rural nucleus were sufficient to describe at large the local language at the time of the ALPI, due to the relative homogeneity of the peninsular rural counties, at present, if we want to make a detailed linguistic study of a rural region we could not ignore neither the heterogeneity of its inhabitants and their forms of life nor the growing urban influence. This paper describes the way of proceeding to prepare a corpus and comment its data in the specific case of Sierra de Francia, a rural region located in the mountainous south of Salamanca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper exposes the theoretical foundations of a research conducted by the author and two other colleagues whose papers on empirical findings are included in this journal too. It is supposed that the mental networks that underlie words and those that underlie their corresponding concepts are partly shared. In order to support this hypothesis some tests of word and referent association and ordering were realized by assuming that the mental image of a referent reminds us of its corresponding concept in the brain. Experimental results confirm this hypothesis in the domain of Spanish at least, some interesting conclusions on the development of verbal processing in the brain being drawn at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the appropriation by the media of intimacy which is typical of contemporary television, as evidenced in the increasing immediacy of contents and in the resulting increasing colloquial character of public discourse. In turn, these trends reflect the economic, social and cultural processes underlying the democratization of fame, and their impact on both diastratic and diaphasic intra-linguistic variation, as well as in the extensive and intensive immediatization of idiomatic and discursive traditions. The paper proposes to differentiate between feigned orality, on the one hand, and strategic or reality-simulating orality, on the other, the second one, functionally very different from the former, being closer to Homeric orality; it encompasses the "reality TV" format, where colloquialization is the result of extensive immediatization, as well as other formats based on intensive scripted immediatization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the organization of the morphological families as networks. There are three types of families -lexical, functional and affixal- and we use, as analysis method, the concepts and tools of the Graph Theory. We analyze a sample of eight families (ancho-ensanchar, estrecho, gordo, delgado-delgazar, caliente y frío) that have an adjectival root and are antonymous. We take the families from the Base de datos de morfología del español (BDME) and we complete them with Internet searches of non-frequent or simply sporadic words. We study the centrality and clustering measures in networks: first, in lexical families, second, in the merge of lexical families with their functional and affixal families. We demonstrate how the Graph Theory is useful to analyze the organization of morphological families and their differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decade, morphological studies have started to focus again on compounding, from a crosslinguistic point of view as well as for the particular case of Spanish. In this paper, we will first review a number of classifications of Spanish compounds, with special attention to coordinative compounds. Then we will focus our attention on a particular kind of construction which has been sometimes included among coordinative compounds: the nominal combination (madre-hija) that appears in the relación madre-hija ('mother-daughter relationship') structure. It will be shown that there are formal characteristics which take these structures away from compounds and bring them closer to free syntactic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will provide a detailed geographic analysis of the reach of yeísmo in a number of Latin American republics (El Salvador, Honduras, Panamá, Cuba, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay) in order to present an overview of the extent and development of this phonetic phenomenon in the Spanish spoken in America. It thus aims to build on recent studies that have attempted to assess the distribution of this feature throughout the Spanish-speaking world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Lexicography, it is very important to bear in mind the opinion of dictionary users since they also contribute to improve future editions, especially if these are aimed at the general public. On the occasion of the launching of the 23rd edition of the academic Diccionario in October 2014, I did a small search to find out how journalists, as professionals with a supposedly high level of lexical competence, had valued it. In this paper, I will examine a number of press articles published in Spanish newspapers and will discuss the comments made about this new edition that so many hopes had raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic Term Recognition from technical texts has mainly two applications: on one side, assistance to lexicographers and documentalists; and on the other side, identification of key concepts for machine translation and information retrieval. Term recognition depends on the subject domain and the lexical patterns of a given language, in our case, Spanish. In this article, we present an evaluation of three different strategies for selecting candidates to term. In a second step, each list is filtered by a set of medical affixes to provide a final proposal of terms. This paper also discusses the problems of recall and precision of each strategy and shows how these techniques have been used to compile a lexicon of medica terms and an ATR system for Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will provide a detailed geographic analysis of the reach of yeísmo in a number of Latin American republics (El Salvador, Honduras, Panamá, Cuba, Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay) in order to present an overview of the extent and development of this phonetic phenomenon in the Spanish spoken in America. It thus aims to build on recent studies that have attempted to assess the distribution of this feature throughout the Spanish-speaking world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modality appears in conversational Spanish markers vamos and vaya as a result of their modal origin from subjunctive forms. Some of their implicit modal values are gone conventionalizing because of their continued interaction with certain contexts, while other ones have weakened as the textual values of these elements were strengthened. In this paper, we focus on one of the modal functions of these markers that has barely been addressed in the literature, despite its considerable functional performance. This is reaffirmation propositional function, which presents distinctive formal and functional features that allows it to be considered as an independent (sub)function of these conversational markers, and in particular, their constructional derivatives and . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with a topic to which not much attention is usually paid in the studies on phonetic variation in Spanish, since these investigations are much more frequently dedicated to syllable-final s, a variable which serves as one of the most important criteria for the classification of the varieties of Spanish. Syllableinitial s, however, in the author's opinion, deserves a more detailed study, which is why both its geographic boundaries and the conditioning factors for its appearance are studied in this paper. Moreover, different theories on the origins of this phenomenon were considered, and, based on the available data, an effort was made to establish the mechanism governing this change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the experiment of association of a number of items of color images -color names and locomotion images - locomotion names as a test to validate two hypotheses: a) if there is a ordering relationship between the cognitive domain (of images, concepts) and the semantic field of words in Spanish language (H1), and b) if a relationship exists, it is stronger in the cultural fields than in natural areas (H2). The results do not confirm that there is a close relationship between concepts and terms in Spanish language; seems to be some gradual in concepts and in terms in a cultural field such as locomotion field but this correlation is not given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]