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2. The Weaponization of Russian Universities: A Neo-Nationalism and University Brief. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.13.2023
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education (CSHE) and Igor Chirikov
- Abstract
Starting this year, tens of thousands of Russian freshmen found themselves attending a new mandatory course -- "Foundations of Russian Statehood." Swiftly designed under the auspices of Putin's administration, this ideologically charged course aims to position Russia as a unique civilization-state, bolstering Putin's political narrative and providing justification for the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Consider, for example, this excerpt from the course's instructional video: "The 'Russian world' extends beyond current Russian borders, transcending ethnicities, territories, religions, political systems, and ideological preferences." As this curriculum becomes standard in Russian universities, it contributes to the emerging trend of weaponizing Russian universities and turning them into instruments in Russia's war of attrition with Ukraine and its broader stand-off with the West. This report discusses this weaponization process and the impact it is having on Russian universities, faculty, students, and the academic communities they belong to. It is regrettably a story of back to the future, reminiscent of the Soviet era of repression and attempts at control and manipulation of academics.
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- 2023
3. Autonomous Schools, Achievement and Segregation. Discussion Paper No. 1968
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London School of Economics and Political Science (United Kingdom), Centre for Economic Performance (CEP), Natalie Irmert, Jan Bietenbeck, Linn Mattisson, and Felix Weinhardt
- Abstract
We study whether autonomous schools, which are publicly funded but can operate more independently than government-run schools, affect student achievement and school segregation across 15 countries over 16 years. Our triple-differences regressions exploit between-grade variation in the share of students attending autonomous schools within a given country and year. While autonomous schools do not affect overall achievement, effects are positive for high-socioeconomic status students and negative for immigrants. Impacts on segregation mirror these findings, with evidence of increased segregation by socioeconomic and immigrant status. Rather than creating "a rising tide that lifts all boats," autonomous schools increase inequality
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- 2023
4. Does Conflict of Interest Distort Global University Rankings? Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.5.2021
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education and Chirikov, Igor
- Abstract
Global university rankings influence students' choices and higher education policies throughout the world. When rankers not only evaluate universities but also provide them with consulting, analytics, or advertising services rankers are vulnerable to conflicts of interest that may potentially distort their rankings. The paper assesses the impact of contracting with rankers on university ranking outcomes using difference-in-difference research design. The study matches data on the positions of 28 Russian universities in QS World University Rankings between 2016 and 2021 with information on contracts these universities had for services from QS -- a company that produces these rankings. The study estimates the effects of the conflicts of interest with two difference-in-difference models. The first model compares the difference in five-year change in rankings between QS rankings and Times Higher Education (THE) rankings across two groups of universities -- those that frequently (five times or more) contracted for QS services, and those that never or seldomly contracted for QS services. The second model compares the difference in five-year change in faculty-student ratios -- between scores in QS rankings, THE rankings, and scores recorded by national statistics -- across the same two groups of universities. The results suggest universities with frequent QS-related contracts had an increase of 0.75 standard deviations (~140 positions) in QS World University Rankings and an increase of 0.9 standard deviations in reported QS faculty-student ratio scores over five years, regardless of changes in the institutional quality. The study calls for universities, governments, and prospective students to reconsider their use of global rankings where conflicts of interest may be generated by the ranker's business activities.
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- 2021
5. Publication and collaboration anomalies in academic papers originating from a paper mill: Evidence from a Russia‐based paper mill.
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Abalkina, Anna
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PAPER mills , *PREDATORY publishing - Abstract
This study attempts to detect papers originating from the Russia‐based paper mill 'International Publisher' LLC. A total of 1,063 offers to purchase co‐authorship on a fraudulent papers published from 2019 to mid‐2022 on the 123mi.ru website were analysed. This study identifies at least 451 papers that are potentially linked to the paper mill, including one preprint, a duplication paper and 16 republications of papers erroneously published in hijacked journals. Evidence of suspicious provenance from the paper mill is provided: matches in title, number of co‐authorship slots, year of publication, country of the journal, country of a co‐authors and similarities of abstracts. These problematic papers are co‐authored by scholars from at least 39 countries and are submitted to both predatory and reputable journals. This study also demonstrates collaboration anomalies in questionable papers and examines indicators of the Russia‐based paper mill. The value of co‐authorship slots offered by 'International Publisher' LLC from 2019 to 2021 is estimated at $6.5 million. Since this study only analysed a single paper mill, it is likely that the number of papers with forged authorship is much higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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6. A Half Century of Progress in U.S. Student Achievement: Ethnic and SES Differences; Agency and Flynn Effects. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. PEPG 21-01
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Harvard University, Program on Education Policy and Governance, Shakeel, M. Danish, and Peterson, Paul E.
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Principals (policy makers) have debated the progress in U.S. student performance for a half century or more. Informing these conversations, survey agents have administered seven million psychometrically linked tests in math and reading in 160 waves to national probability samples of selected cohorts born between 1954 and 2007. This study is the first to assess consistency of results by agency. We find results vary by agent, but consistent with Flynn effects, gains are larger in math than reading, except for the most recent period. Non-whites progress at a faster pace. Socio-economically disadvantaged white, black, and Hispanic students make greater progress when tested in elementary school, but that advantage attenuates and reverses itself as students age. We discuss potential moderators.
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- 2021
7. Axioms of Excellence: Kumon and the Russian School of Mathematics. White Paper No. 188
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Pioneer Institute for Public Policy Research, Donovan, William, and Wurman, Ze'ev
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This paper looks at the popularity of after-school mathematics by focusing on the Kumon and Russian School of Mathematics models. In 1954, Toru Kumon, a high school math teacher in Japan, designed a series of math worksheets to help improve the test scores of his son Takeshi, a second grader. Toru's goal was to teach Takeshi how to learn independently through the worksheets and improve his calculation skills prior to reaching high school. By working every day on the problems, Takeshi was able to reach the level of differential and integral calculus when he was just a few months into the sixth grade. The Kumon model is based on four elements: (1) Individualized instruction; (2) Self-learning; (3) Small-step worksheets; and (4) Kumon instructors. Parents who want to give their children a head start in math before elementary school can enroll them in Kumon as young as age 3. From that age they can stay with the program through high school or until they complete the program. In the U.S. alone, Kumon has grown from more than 182,000 students and nearly 1,300 centers in 2008 to more than 279,000 students and more than 1500 centers in 2018. While the Kumon method involves repeating mathematical processes until students over-learn them to automaticity, the Russian School of Mathematics (RSM) promotes itself as believing in just the opposite. The RSM model was founded by Inessa Rifkin in 1997 with Irina Khavinson, a friend, educator, and fellow Russian immigrant, after concluding that her son Ilya was not receiving the same mathematics education that she received as a student in the Soviet Union. Their goal was to translate their own experiences with specialized Russian math programs into a school that offered the same opportunity to American children. Two decades later about 25,000 students are enrolled with RSM today, in 40 locations in 11 states and Canada. Russian School of Mathematics students attend a classroom once per week for varying lengths of time, depending on grade: 90 minutes for kindergarten through third grade; two hours for grades four through six; and two-and-a-half hours for grades seven and above. Algebra and geometry are on separate tracks starting in the sixth grade, though students may enroll in both. This paper reviews each model's methods, highlights their best practices, and shows how they complement or run parallel with mathematics taught in traditional classrooms.
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- 2019
8. The Image of Russia Formed by Means of Modern Russian Paper Money
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Dzhandzhugazova, Elena A., Layko, Mikhail Y., Ilina, Elena L., Latkin, Aleksander N., and Valedinskaya, Ekaterina N.
- Abstract
The relevance of the problem posed in the article is caused by the fact that under current conditions it is necessary to develop a comprehensive, but a complete image of Russia as a huge Eurasian state on the basis of effective use of scientific and practical approaches proposed by marketing of territories and tools used in the practice of territorial branding. The purpose of the article is to examine the role and socio-cultural value of paper money as an important instrument of state monetary policy and at the same time an integral attribute of everyday life. The leading methods of investigation of the defined problem are the methods of sociological research and modeling, allowing on the base of an analysis of public opinion research results to highlight the main objects-symbols that Russians prefer to see on modern Russian paper banknotes. The article offers an integrated scientific grouping of objects-symbols on the basis of which it is supposed to form visual images of Russian area space and that then will be reflected on paper banknotes. On the basis of conducted comparative analysis of the objects-symbols selected for banknotes in 1997 and 2016, conclusions about the stability of preferences of Russians are made, and also the fact of increasing symbolic value of Russian paper money is emphasized, despite an increase of the growth of non-cash turnover. Article submissions may be useful for the members of scientific and educational community concerned with the problems of study of marketing of territories and countries, as well as political scientists and representatives of the government.
- Published
- 2016
9. The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 225
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Hanushek, Eric A., and Woessmann, Ludger
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The worldwide school closures in early 2020 led to losses in learning that will not easily be made up for even if schools quickly return to their prior performance levels. These losses will have lasting economic impacts both on the affected students and on each nation unless they are effectively remediated. While the precise learning losses are not yet known, existing research suggests that the students in grades 1-12 affected by the closures might expect some 3 percent lower income over their entire lifetimes. For nations, the lower long-term growth related to such losses might yield an average of 1.5 percent lower annual GDP for the remainder of the century. These economic losses would grow if schools are unable to re-start quickly. The economic losses will be more deeply felt by disadvantaged students. All indications are that students whose families are less able to support out-of-school learning will face larger learning losses than their more advantaged peers, which in turn will translate into deeper losses of lifetime earnings. The present value of the economic losses to nations reach huge proportions. Just returning schools to where they were in 2019 will not avoid such losses. Only making them better can. While a variety of approaches might be attempted, existing research indicates that close attention to the modified re-opening of schools offers strategies that could ameliorate the losses. Specifically, with the expected increase in video-based instruction, matching the skills of the teaching force to the new range of tasks and activities could quickly move schools to heightened performance. Additionally, because the prior disruptions are likely to increase the variations in learning levels within individual classrooms, pivoting to more individualised instruction could leave all students better off as schools resume. As schools move to re-establish their programmes even as the pandemic continues, it is natural to focus considerable attention on the mechanics and logistics of safe re-opening. But the long-term economic impacts also require serious attention, because the losses already suffered demand more than the best of currently considered re-opening approaches.
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- 2020
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10. Examining a Congruency-Typology Model of Leadership for Learning Using Two-Level Latent Class Analysis with TALIS 2018. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 219
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Bowers, Alex J.
- Abstract
Are teachers and principals aligned in their perceptions of the core components of the theory of Leadership for Learning across countries, or are there subgroups of schools in which there is misalignment? The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which a congruency-typology model of leadership for learning is distributed across countries/economies using the TALIS 2018 dataset through examining the interaction of significantly different subgroups of teacher and principal responders through using multilevel latent class analysis (LCA) with a cross-level interaction. I analyse data from lower secondary schools of n=152 635 teachers in 9 079 schools and their principals across 47 countries/economies. Currently in the research literature on school leadership, leadership for learning has emerged as a framework to bring together managerial, transformational, distributed, and instructional leadership. Yet little is known about leadership for learning across national contexts. This study 1) maps the TALIS 2018 survey items to the current literature and surveys for leadership for learning, 2) then details the methods and analysis framework to examine if there are multiple significantly different types of teachers, principals, and schools from a leadership for learning theory framework. The final model 3) identifies a three-group teacher typology and a three-group principal typology, linking these types to school context, covariates, as well as teacher and principal training and experience. Results relate directly to the intersection of research, policy, and practice for training and capacity of school leaders across 47 countries/economies globally.
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- 2020
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11. Optimal Volume Planning and Scheduling of Paper Production with Smooth Transitions by Product Grades.
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Voronov, Roman, Shabaev, Anton, and Prokhorov, Ilya
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PRODUCTION scheduling ,GREEDY algorithms ,PAPER mills ,CUTTING stock problem ,MATHEMATICAL models ,SIMPLEX algorithm - Abstract
The article deals with the problem of calculating the volume calendar plan of a paper mill. The presented mathematical model and methods make it possible to schedule paper production orders between several paper machines (PM) to even their loading, devise cutting plans for each winder and arrange the order of their implementation. When forming cutting plans, orders are grouped in accordance with such parameters as grammage, roll diameter, core diameter, product type and number of layers. Deadlines and volumes in customer orders are taken into account. The cutting plans for each winder account for the allowable roll width limits and the maximum number of knives. To find the optimal schedule, a combination of the following criteria is used: minimal trim loss, minimal changes to the knives' setup and smooth transitions by product grades. Solution algorithms are presented that use a combination of the simplex method, the column generation, the branch and bound methods, the greedy algorithm and the local search procedure. We tested the solution approach on real production data from a paper mill in European Russia and obtained the production sequence that better matches deadlines in customer orders compared to the plan devised manually by production planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Interviewers, Test-Taking Conditions and the Quality of the PIAAC Assessment. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 191
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Keslair, François
- Abstract
This paper explores the impact of test-taking conditions on the quality of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) assessment. Interviewers record information about the room of assessment and interruptions that occurred during each interview. These observations, along with information on interviewer assignment size and a careful look at interviewer effects, provide insights into the quality of the assessment. This working paper first describes the variations in test-taking conditions among participating countries. Second, it examines interviewer assignment sizes and the frequency of interruptions, finding that both vary markedly among countries (contrary to the room of assessment). The paper then looks at the relationship between these variations and response rates and engagement measures. While neither the room of assessment nor the recorded interruptions impact quality differences among countries, interviewer assignment size and interviewer effects may have a mild impact on results.
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- 2018
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13. Study Abroad and Student Mobility: Stories of Global Citizenship. Research Paper No. 21
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University College London (UCL) (United Kingdom), Development Education Research Centre (DERC), Blum, Nicole, and Bourn, Douglas
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The opportunity to study abroad is broadly hailed as a route for young people to develop a wide range of knowledge and skills, including intercultural understanding, interpersonal skills, and language learning, among many others. Universities around the world are investing significant resources in developing a variety of study abroad programmes, ranging from short or long term in duration, and from guided to independent study. These may have a number of aims, including to promote individual student learning and development and to enhance student mobility and employability, particularly in the context of a rapid and changeable global employment market. The terms 'global citizen', 'global graduate', 'global skills' and 'global mindset' have all taken on increased significance within this context. Limited research has been conducted, however, to explore students' own perspectives of these terms. This small scale study therefore set out to explore the perspectives of students on UCL's BASc programme and especially to better understand where and how the learning they gained during study abroad resonates with UCL's global citizenship and student mobility strategies. [Funding was provided by the UCL Global Engagement Office (GEO).]
- Published
- 2019
14. The Evolution of Gender Gaps in Numeracy and Literacy between Childhood and Adulthood. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 184
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Borgonovi, Francesca, Choi, Álvaro, and Paccagnella, Marco
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Numeracy and literacy skills have become increasingly important in modern labour markets. The large gender differences that several studies have identified have therefore sparked considerable attention among researchers and policy makers. Little is known about the moment in which such gaps emerge, how they evolve and if their evolution differs across countries. We use data from large-scale international assessments to follow representative samples of birth-cohorts over time, and analyse how gender gaps in numeracy and literacy evolve from age 10 to age 27. Our results suggest that, across the countries examined, males' advantage in numeracy is smallest at age 10 and largest at age 27. The growth in magnitude of the gender gap is particularly pronounced between the age of 15 and 27. Such evolution stands in sharp contrast with the evolution of the gender gap in literacy, which is small at age 10, large and in favour of females at age 15, and negligible by age 27.
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- 2018
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15. 'In case I die, I need to publish this paper': scientist who left the lab to fight in Ukraine.
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Liverpool L
- Subjects
- Russia, Ukraine, Laboratories, Humans, Male, Armed Conflicts psychology, Neurosciences, Publishing, Research Personnel psychology
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- 2023
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16. "Sustainable" biomass: A paper tiger when it comes to reducing carbon emissions.
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Booth, Mary S.
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CARBON emissions , *FORESTS & forestry , *FOSSIL fuels , *FUELWOOD , *BIOMASS - Abstract
As the tragedy in Ukraine deepens, it's clear that the world should end its dependency on Russian oil. It will be ironic, however, if nations disentangling themselves from this compromised energy source instead turn to another energy source with destructive impacts: harvesting and burning forest wood for fuel, which increases carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels, and degrades forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. Association between Literacy and Self-Rated Poor Health in 33 High- and Upper-Middle-Income Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 165
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Kakarmath, Sujay, Denis, Vanessa, Encinas-Martin, Marta, Borgonovi, Francesca, and Subramanian, S. V.
- Abstract
We assess the relationship between general literacy skills and health status by analysing data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), an international survey of about 250,000 adults aged 16-65 years conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 2011-15 in 33 countries/national sub-regions. Across countries, there seems to be a strong and consistent association between general literacy proficiency and self-rated poor health, independent of prior socio-economic status and income. General literacy proficiency also appears to be a mediator of the association between self-education and self-rated poor health. While the literacy-health association is robust over time, it varies in magnitude across countries. It is strongest for those with a tertiary or higher degree and does not appear to exist among young adults (ages 25 to 34 years). Future studies are required to understand the contextual factors that modify the general literacy proficiency-health association.
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- 2018
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18. Impact of Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry on Aquatic Zoocenoses: A Review of the Literature.
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Baturina, M. A. and Kononova, O. N.
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PAPER industry ,SEWAGE ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,LITERATURE reviews ,RIVER sediments - Abstract
The pulp and paper industry is in active development in the northern regions. The ecosystems of northern rivers are less capable of biological self-rinsing and are more sensitive to anthropogenic pollution. Assessment of the pollution of waterbodies is important in order to control the conservation of their bioresources. This article provides a literature review that illustrates the main impacts of wastewater of the pulp and paper industry on aquatic ecosystems. It will be useful for specialists working with monitoring systems. This paper discusses examples of the impact of wastewater of the pulp and paper industry on aquatic organisms at different levels of organization, from the molecular to the ecosystem levels. The review describes the responses of aquatic zoocenoses (zooplankton and zoobenthos) to pollution and the effects of specific substances that enter waterbodies from the effluents of the pulp and paper industry. The paper analyzes information about the transformation of bottom sediments of rivers and lakes in the wastewater zone. An overview of data is given, and the impact of thermal pollution is evaluated. This type of pollution often characterizes industrial wastewater. One of the large rivers in the European part of Russia is the Vychegda River. The rivers in its basin are important in the Komi Republic. Therefore, monitoring of the condition of the communities of aquatic organisms that inhabit it is an urgent task. This paper presents the results of hydrobiological observations carried out on the Vychegda River in the 1980s. At that time, changes in the communities of aquatic organisms in the area of pulp and paper industry were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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19. Working and Learning: A Diversity of Patterns. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 169
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France) and Quintini, Glenda
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The combination of work and study has been hailed as crucial to ensure that youth develop the skills required on the labour market so that transitions from school to work are shorter and smoother. This paper fills an important gap in availability of internationally-comparable data. Using the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC), it draws a comprehensive picture of work and study in 23 countries/regions. Crucially, it decomposes the total share of working students by the context in which they work (VET [vocational education and training], apprenticeships or private arrangements) and assesses the link between field of study and students' work. The paper also assesses how the skills of students are used in the workplace compared to other workers and identifies the socio-demographic factors and the labour market institutions that increase the likelihood of work and study. Finally, while it is not possible to examine the relationship between work and study and future labour market outcomes at the individual level, some aggregate correlations are unveiled.
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- 2015
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20. Promoting Quality Assurance in Vocational Education and Training: The ETF Approach. ETF Working Paper
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European Training Foundation (ETF) (Italy) and Watters, Elizabeth
- Abstract
The European Training Foundation's (ETF) approach to promoting systemic and systematic quality assurance in vocational education and training (VET) is set out in this working paper. Quality assurance in VET is summarised by the ETF as the measures established to verify that processes and procedures are in place, which aim to ensure the quality and quality improvement of VET. The ETF uses the following definition of VET: "education and training which aim to equip people with knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences required in particular occupations or more broadly on the labour market." The intention of this working paper is to serve as a resource for ETF staff and its function is to support a common ETF approach to promoting quality assurance in VET in partner countries. The paper will be made available to a wider audience with an interest in quality assurance in VET. ETF partner countries have signaled the need for more effective quality assurance measures to help improve the quality and relevance of VET outcomes. They aim to strengthen quality assurance policies and measures that support the development of good VET governance and management, good qualifications systems, good qualifications and good learning environments facilitated by good teachers and trainers. The main purpose of this working paper is to guide ETF staff to support partner countries in their endeavours to develop further their approach to quality assurance in VET. The paper has five chapters. The background to present-day quality assurance is presented in Chapter 1. Concepts important to the understanding of the ETF approach to quality assurance in VET are reviewed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, the evolution of European policies for quality assurance is summarised. The "status quo" of quality assurance policy and practice in ETF partner countries and reform needs and challenges, as presented in the Torino Process reports, are discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 presents the ETF approach to promoting quality assurance in VET development, based on the conceptual framework set out in the preceding chapters. (A bibliography is included.)
- Published
- 2015
21. Test-Taking Engagement in PIAAC. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 133
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Goldhammer, Frank, Martens, Thomas, Christoph, Gabriela, and Lüdtke, Oliver
- Abstract
In this study, we investigated how empirical indicators of test-taking engagement can be defined, empirically validated, and used to describe group differences in the context of the Programme of International Assessment of Adult Competences (PIAAC). The approach was to distinguish between disengaged and engaged response behavior by means of response time thresholds. Constant thresholds of 3000 ms and 5000 ms were considered, as well as item-specific thresholds based on the visual inspection of (bimodal) response time distributions (VI method) and the proportion correct conditional on response time (P+>0% method). Overall, the validity checks comparing the proportion correct of engaged and disengaged response behavior by domain and by item showed that the P+>0% method performed slightly better than the VI method and the methods assuming constant thresholds. The results for Literacy and Numeracy by module revealed that there was an increase from Module 1 to Module 2 in the proportion of disengaged responses, suggesting a drop in test-taking engagement. The investigation of country differences in test-taking engagement by domain using the P+>0% method showed that the proportion of responses classified as disengaged was quite low. For Literacy, the proportion was well below 5% for the majority of countries; in Numeracy, the proportion was even smaller than 1% for almost all countries; while for Problem solving, the proportion of disengaged responses was more than 5% but usually well below 10%. There were significant differences in test-taking engagement between countries; the obtained effect sizes were small to medium. Population differences in test-taking engagement were highly correlated between the three domains, suggesting that test-taking engagement can be conceived as a consistent characteristic. Furthermore, there was a clear negative association between test-taking disengagement and proficiency in Literacy, Numeracy and Problem solving, respectively. Finally, subgroup differences for gender, age, educational attainment, and language proved to be insignificant or very small. Results suggest that males tend to be more disengaged, that disengagement increases with age in Problem solving, with lower educational attainment and when the test language is not the same as a testee's native language. Appended are: (1) Country differences in test-taking engagement; and (2) Subgroup differences in test-taking engagement.
- Published
- 2016
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22. The Impact of Literacy, Numeracy and Computer Skills on Earnings and Employment Outcomes. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 129
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France), Lane, Marguerita, and Conlon, Gavan
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Using the 2012 PIAAC data, our analysis confirms that there are significantly higher earnings and employment returns to "both" increasing levels of formally recognised education, and to increasing levels of numeracy, literacy and information and communication technologies (ICT) skills proficiencies controlling for the level of education. Unsurprisingly, the labour market returns to changes in formally recognised levels of education in general exceed the labour market returns associated with increasing levels of skills proficiency. In the case of literacy and numeracy proficiencies, improved literacy and numeracy skills narrow the labour market outcomes gap between individuals with different levels of formally recognised education, but do not close it completely. The analysis demonstrates more substantial returns to ICT skills. Furthermore, possession of higher levels of ICT skills and lower levels of formally recognised qualification are often associated with higher returns compared to individuals with higher levels of formally recognised education but lower ICT proficiency levels. In other words, ICT skills proficiencies often entirely compensate for lower formally recognised qualifications in the labour market. Contains the following annexes: (1) Country Literacy and Numeracy Profiles; and (2) Demographic Control Variables.
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- 2016
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23. Zooplankton of the Vychegda River under Conditions of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry.
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Kononova, O. N.
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PAPER industry ,SEWAGE ,ZOOPLANKTON ,RIPARIAN areas ,PAPER pulp - Abstract
Like most northern rivers, the Vychegda River, the second largest water system in the Komi Republic and the main tributary of the Northern Dvina River, has experienced an intense anthropogenic load. Agricultural, domestic, and, to a greater extent, industrial wastewaters are currently the main polluting sources of river waters. Among the numerous enterprises operating here is Mondi Syktyvkar JSC, the largest pulp and paper enterprise in Russia, which is located on the Vychegda River banks. The composition and structure of the zooplankton communities were studied in the Vychegda River area, where the effect of wastewaters from the pulp and paper plant is observed. The aim of the research is to determine whether there is a negative impact of the conditionally treated wastewaters on the aquatic biota. As a result, a rich species composition and the quantitative development of zooplankton communities were established for the studied river area. Rotifera was the dominant group on the species richness, abundance, and biomass. This is a characteristic feature of zooplankton communities in the watercourse as a whole. The indicator species of waters with a high level of pollution were registered both at points located in the area of wastewater influence and on the background river plots. Species that are not typical to the natural waters of the river were found at points of wastewater discharge. The dominant complexes are represented by 9–15 or more species. Their composition differs in background, wastewater and downstream points. According to the state of zooplankton communities, the river waters in the studied area are conditionally clean, except for points located downstream of the wastewater discharge, where they are qualified as eutrophic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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24. Phytoplankton Communities of the Vychegda River in the Area of Treated-Wastewater Intake from the Pulp and Paper Industry.
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Patova, E. N., Stenina, A. S., Shabalina, Y. N., and Sterlyagova, I. N.
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PAPER industry ,PHYTOPLANKTON ,FRESHWATER phytoplankton ,DIATOMS ,PAPER pulp ,PULP mills ,PAPER mills ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
The results are presented for a study of summer phytoplankton (July 2018–2020) in the middle reaches of the Vychegda River at the sites where treated wastewater is discharged from the Mondi Syktyvkar JSC pulp and paper mill. In the phytoplankton of the studied section of the river, 263 species with algal varieties from seven divisions were identified: Cyanoptokaryota, 8; Ochrophyta, 4; Rhodophyta 1; Euglenophyta, 1; Bacillariophyta, 232; Chlorophyta, 15; Charophyta, 2. Widespread, eurytopic species predominate in terms of diversity. In 3 years of research, phytoplankton species communities have demonstrated stability of the complex of dominant and structural diversity. The basis of the dominant complexes is formed by species from the genera Aulacoseira, Dolichospermum, Pandorina, Eudorina, Closterium, etc. The composition of dominants is similar for conditionally background points and the zone of wastewater discharge. A massive development of the thermophilic species of diatom Diadesmisconfervacea, an indicator of thermal pollution, was noted below the wastewater-discharge site. The total recorded number of phytoplankton in the Vychegda river at the studied stations was 1 150 000–18 000 000 cells/dm
3 , and the biomass was 0.01–0.29 mg/dm3 . The ratio of the total abundance and biomass of phytoplankton algae and the indicator species forming the complex of dominants reflect an increase in the trophic status of the waters of the surveyed areas and a high degree of anthropogenic load on the ecosystem of the Vychegda River. Based on algo-indication, the waters of the conditional background and the receiving wastewaters at observation points were assigned to quality class III (with the quality category 3b, slightly polluted). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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25. Water Quality of the Vychegda River under the Conditions of the Receipt of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry.
- Author
-
Patova, E. N., Kondratenok, B. M., Sivkov, M. D., and Kostrova, S. N.
- Subjects
PAPER industry ,WATER quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,WATER purification ,SEWAGE - Abstract
The article presents the results of 3-year measurements (2018–2020) of hydrophysical and hydrochemical indicators of the Vychegda River in places where effluent is discharged from the Mondi Syktyvkar JSC pulp and paper mill. At conditionally background stations and those exposed to wastewater, the water mineralization, content of ions of Ca
2+ , Mg2+ , Cl– , S , N , heavy metals, petroleum products, anionic surfactants, and benz(a)pyrene were recorded in concentrations significantly lower than the MPC (MPCFI ), while suspended substances, COD, Р , Fe, and Mn were in excess of the MPCFI . Studies have shown that, in connection with the modernization of the treatment facilities of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC, there has been a noticeable improvement in the wastewater quality; the environmental load on the ecosystem of the Vychegda River at discharge points decreased. No significant excess over conditionally background values was detected at a high water level in the Vychegda River (2018–2019) for all studied hydrochemical indicators at the points of effluent discharge. Degradation of the water quality was recorded during the low-water period (2020), i.e., a decrease in the degree of dilution of effluent from treatment facilities by river waters. During this period, the wastewater-discharge points exhibited a significant excess over the conditionally background values of mass concentrations of suspended substances, Cl– , S , Р , N , Stot , K, Na, and phenol, as well as the chemical oxygen demand, permanganate value, turbidity, and electrical conductivity. In terms of environmental, sanitary, and toxicological indicators, the waters of all surveyed observation stations were assigned to a water-quality class 3 of (satisfactory purity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Retracted: Russia's foreign policy priorities in the Asia‐Pacific region.
- Author
-
Nguyen, Oanh Thi Hoang, Aksenov, Ilia, Phan, Nhuan Thi, and Sakulyeva, Tatyana
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *PAPER mills , *SCHOLARLY periodical corrections , *INTERNET publishing - Abstract
Nguyen, O. T. H., Aksenov, I., Phan, N. T., & Sakulyeva, T. (2021). Russia's foreign policy priorities in the Asia‐Pacific region. Journal of Public Affairs, e2745. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2745. The above article, published online on 17 August 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Laura Corazza and Shaista Wasiuzzaman and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following concerns regarding manipulation of the peer review and publishing process. Concerns were originally raised by a third party (1). Further investigation by the publisher has found manipulation of the peer review process, and overlapping text with other publications. The retraction has been agreed because the peer review of the article was compromised and there is unattributed overlap between this article and several other articles (2)(3). Abalkina, A. (2022). Publication and collaboration anomalies in academic papers originating from a paper mill: evidence from a Russia‐based paper mill https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.13322 Burdzik, T. (2019). Slowly but Surely: Russia's Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics‐and‐comments/columns/asian‐kaleidoscope/slowly‐but‐surely‐russia‐s‐foreign‐policy‐in‐southeast‐asia/?sphrase%5fid=34631795 Rumer, E., Sokolsky, R., Vladicic, A. (2020). Russia in the Asia‐Pacific: Less Than Meets the Eye https://carnegieendowment.org/publications/82614 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Impacts of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict on the Pulp and Paper Industry.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *RAW materials , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Published
- 2022
28. The Fish Part of Community of the Vychegda River in a Pulp and Paper Mill-Treated Wastewater Discharge Area.
- Author
-
Rafikov, R. R.
- Subjects
PAPER pulp ,FISH communities ,CANALS ,SEWAGE ,FISHING villages ,NUMBERS of species ,FISH diversity ,FOREST biodiversity - Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study of the species diversity and individual developmental stability of common fish species from the Vychegda River in the discharge area of treated wastewater from one of the largest forestry industries in the European, northeastern area of Russia. In 2018–2020, the European perch, roach, and bleak prevailed in the catches of a standard set of nets with a mesh size of 10 to 60 mm in the littoral zone of the monitoring sites. These species are widespread representatives of the ichthyofauna in the Vychegda River basin. White-eye bream, asp, and pike-perch were also registered; their recent appearance became possible due to the construction of canals connecting the Northern Dvina River basin with other river systems. Indicators of species diversity (the number of species, their relative abundance, and Shannon index) in areas adjacent to local timber plots were similar to those observed at monitoring sites. The integral index for the assessment of individual development, which is based on fluctuating asymmetry, indicated the absence of a negative effect on the formation of bilateral morphological structures in early ontogenesis in fish that lived both in the industrial area and in the conditionally background area. To clarify the results, an additional study should be carried out to identify physiological disorders or the accumulation of heavy metals or other pollutants in fish tissues and organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Introducing the Venus Collection—Papers from the First Workshop on Habitability of the Cloud Layer.
- Author
-
Limaye, Sanjay S., Zelenyi, Lev, and Zasova, Ludmilla
- Subjects
- *
VENUS (Planet) , *COLLECTIONS , *SPACE research , *RESEARCH institutes - Abstract
We introduce the collection of papers from the first workshop on the habitability of the venusian cloud layer organized by the Roscosmos/IKI-NASA Joint Science Definition Team (JSDT) for Russia's Venera-D mission and hosted by the Space Research Institute in Moscow, Russia, during October 2–5, 2019. The collection also includes three papers that were developed independently of the workshop but are relevant to venusian cloud habitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science (Antalya, Turkey, April 1-4, 2021). Volume 1
- Author
-
International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Shelley, Mack, Chiang, I-Tsun, and Ozturk, O. Tayfur
- Abstract
"Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) which took place on April 1-4, 2021 in Antalya, Turkey. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and science. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The ICRES invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education and science. The ICRES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and science, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and science. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2021
31. Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science (Antalya, Turkey, April 1-4, 2021). Volume 1
- Author
-
International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Shelley, Mack, Chiang, I-Tsun, and Ozturk, O. Tayfur
- Abstract
"Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Research in Education and Science (ICRES) which took place on April 1-4, 2021 in Antalya, Turkey. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and science. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The ICRES invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education and science. The ICRES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and science, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and science. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings.
- Published
- 2021
32. Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (Chicago, Illinois, October 15-18, 2020)
- Author
-
International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Akerson, Valari, and Sahin, Ismail
- Abstract
"International Conference on Social and Education Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (IConSES) which took place on October 15-18, 2020 in Chicago, IL, USA. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share your ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The IConSES invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The IConSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and social sciences. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings. [For the 2019 proceedings, see ED602587.]
- Published
- 2020
33. Three overlooked photosynthesis papers of Otto Warburg (1883-1970), published in the 1940s in German and in Russian, on light-driven water oxidation coupled to benzoquinone reduction.
- Author
-
Dau H, Ivanov B, Shevela D, Armstrong WH, and Govindjee G
- Subjects
- Germany, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Male, Russia, Benzoquinones metabolism, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Photosynthesis physiology, Research Report history, Water metabolism
- Abstract
After a brief background on Otto Heinrich Warburg (1883-1970), and some of his selected research, we provide highlights, in English, of three of his papers in the 1940s-unknown to many as they were not originally published in English. They are: two brief reports on Photosynthesis, with Wilhelm Lüttgens, originally published in German, in 1944: 'Experiment on assimilation of carbonic acid'; and 'Further experiments on carbon dioxide assimilation'. This is followed by a regular paper, originally published in Russian, in 1946: 'The photochemical reduction of quinone in green granules'. Since the 1944 reports discussed here are very short, their translations are included in the Appendix, but that of the 1946 paper is provided in the Supplementary Material. In all three reports, Warburg provides the first evidence for and elaborates on light-driven water oxidation coupled to reduction of added benzoquinone. These largely overlooked studies of Warburg are in stark contrast to Warburg's well-known error in assigning the origin of the photosynthetically formed dioxygen to carbonate., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2021
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34. Analysis of Cited References in Russian Publications on Web of Science.
- Author
-
Fiala, Dalibor and Maltseva, Daria
- Subjects
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL citations ,PUBLICATIONS ,SCHOLARS - Abstract
In this article we analyze the cited references in 1.38 million papers by Russian (co-)authors indexed in the Web of Science database until May 2022. Similarly, to the established processes in the so-called Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS), we study the distribution of the references across the cited years and seek to identify the peak years with the publications that attracted the most attention of Russian scholars. In this way, the historical roots of Russian science may be traced and we take a closer look at these most influential works. In addition, we investigate the evolution of the mean age of references and of their average number per paper over time and inspect the most frequently cited sources. The results show that the average number of references in Russian papers has been steadily increasing, but the mean age of references has been declining in the most recent years. Also, the foundations of Russian science seem to be physics of particles and electrochemistry and have recently become based more internationally than in the past. This study is the first of its kind and may help better understand the character of Russian research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Xanthobacter oligotrophicus sp.nov., isolated from paper mill sewage.
- Author
-
Tikhonova EN, Grouzdev DS, and Kravchenko IK
- Subjects
- Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Fatty Acids chemistry, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Pigmentation, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Russia, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ubiquinone analogs & derivatives, Ubiquinone chemistry, Phylogeny, Sewage microbiology, Xanthobacter classification, Xanthobacter isolation & purification
- Abstract
A novel, aerobic nitrogen-fixing methylotrophic bacterium, strain 29k
T , was enriched and isolated from sludge generated during wastewater treatment at a paper mill in Baikal, Russian Federation. Cells were Gram-stain-variable. The cell wall was of the negative Gram-type. Cells were curved oval rod-shaped, 0.5-0.7×1.7-3.4 µm and formed yellow-coloured colonies. Cells tended to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of methyl alcohol as the sole carbon source. Cells were non-motile, non-spore-forming and contained retractile (polyphosphate) and lipid (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) bodies. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C18:1 ω7, C19:0 cyclo and C16:0 . The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.95 mol%. Strain 29kT was able to grow at 4-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and at salinities of 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0% NaCl). Catalase and oxidase were positive. Strain 29kT could grow chemolithoautotrophically in mineral media under an atmosphere of H2 , O2 and CO2 as well as chemoorganoheterotrophically on methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and various organic acids. The carbohydrate utilization spectrum is limited by glucose and raffinose. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the newly isolated strain was a member of the genus Xanthobacter with Xanthobacter autotrophicus 7cT (99.9% similarity) and Xanthobacter viscosus 7dT (99.4 % similarity) as closest relatives among species with validly published names. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of 92.7 and 44.9%, respectively, of the 29kT to the genome of the most closely related species, X. autotrophicus 7cT , were below the species cutoffs. Based on genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species, Xanthobacter oligotrophicus sp. nov. The type strain is 29kT (=KCTC 72777T =VKM B-3453T ).- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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36. Value of comparative studies of "real clinical practice" in modern cardiology. Position paper based on the expert council discussion dated 12/18/2020.
- Author
-
Belenkov YN, Arutunov GP, Barbarash OL, Bondareva IB, Villevalde SV, Galyavich AS, Gilarevsky SR, Duplyakov DV, Koziolova NA, Lopatin YM, Mareev YV, Martsevich SY, Panchenko EP, Fomin IV, Yavelov IS, and Yakhontov DA
- Subjects
- Humans, Russia, Societies, Medical, Cardiology, Heart Failure diagnosis
- Abstract
On December 18, 2020, an expert council was held with the participation of members of the Russian Society of Cardiology, the Eurasian Association of Ther-apists, the National Society for Atherothrombosis, the National Society for Evi-dence-Based Pharmacotherapy, and the Russian Heart Failure Society. The event was devoted to the discussion of the correct use of research data of "real clinical practice" in decision making.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Application of clusterization algorithms for analysis of semivolatile pollutants in Arkhangelsk snow.
- Author
-
Mazur, D. M., Sosnova, A. A., Latkin, T. B., Artaev, B. V., Siek, K., Koluntaev, D. A., and Lebedev, A. T.
- Subjects
SEMIVOLATILE organic compounds ,POLLUTANTS ,BENZYL alcohol ,PULP mills ,PAPER mills ,PAPER pulp ,PHTHALATE esters - Abstract
The best way to understand the environmental status of a certain region involves thorough non-target analysis, which will result in a list of pollutants under concern. Arkhangelsk (64° 32′ N 40° 32′ E, pop. ~ 344,000) is the largest city in the world to the north of the 60
th parallel. Several industrial enterprises and the "cold finger" effect represent the major sources of air contamination in the city. Analysis of snow with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry allows detecting and quantifying the most hazardous volatile and semivolatile anthropogenic pollutants and estimating long-term air pollution. Target analysis, suspect screening, and non-target analysis of snow samples collected from ten sites within the city revealed the presence of several hundreds of organic compounds including 18 species from the US EPA list of priority pollutants. Fortunately, the levels of these compounds appeared to be much lower than the safe levels established in Russia. Phenol and dioctylphthalate could be considered as the pollutants of concern because their levels were about 20% of the safe thresholds. ChromaTOF® Tile, MetaboAnalyst software platform, and open-source software protocols were applied to process the obtained data. The obtained clusterization results of the samples were generally similar for various tools; however, each of them had certain peculiarities. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hexanedioate, benzyl alcohol, phthalates, aniline, dinitrotoluenes, and fluoranthene showed the strongest influence on the clusterization of the studied samples. Possible sources of the major pollutants were proposed: car traffic and pulp and paper mills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Russian-Ukrainian Conflict and Indefinite Lockdown Affecting the Paper Industry.
- Subjects
- *
PAPER industry , *LOCKDOWNS (Safety measures) , *COVID-19 pandemic - Published
- 2022
39. ANNUAL DYNAMICS OF MERCURY CONCENTRATIONS IN THE WATERS OF THE NORTHERN DVINA RIVER.
- Author
-
Ovsepyan, Asya and Zimovets, Alina
- Subjects
MERCURY ,ISO 14001 Standard ,PULP mills ,PAPER mills ,PAPER pulp ,AQUIFERS ,MERCURY poisoning - Abstract
The article presents the materials of research conducted in the North of European Russia since 2004. We have studied soil, water and bottom sediments of rivers and lakes, biomaterials of the river inhabitants, and ground vegetation. For more than a 10-year period were accumulated actual data on concentrations of mercury in various components of the ecosystem of the mouth area of the Northern Dvina River, especially the interesting situation with the environment around pulp and paper mills (PPM). The main factor determining the amount of mercury in the environment is the presence of a source of income it. And for this region natural sources of mercury have not been identified, but it’s interesting to note that for the selected region is characterized by the presence of a large number of pulp and paper mills, the production cycle of which included mercury (associated with obtaining chlorine used for paper bleaching). In the press there are reports that before the early 2000s, the largest company in the industry located in the mouth region of the Northern Dvina River – leading pulp and paper mill of Russia – Arkhangelskiy PPM was observed discharges of mercury-containing waste into the river. However, since 2004 there is evidence of a gradual transition of APPM on the use of imported chlorine and commissioning method of producing chlorine without the use of mercury. Today Arkhangelskiy PPM – is one of Europe's leading wood-chemical enterprises, located 15 km upstream the Northern Dvina River from the city of Arkhangelsk. The history of this plant began in 1940, when it was launched-paper industry, and now this is one of the largest Russian manufacturers of paperboard, packaging, pulp and exercise-books. At the Arkhangelsk pulp and paper mill since 2004, operates an environmental management system that meets the requirements of international standard ISO 14001. However, during the production using the technological cycle of mercury, this metal and its compounds fell into different components of the environment, where processes of accumulation, transformation and movement were ongoing. Necessary to specify that for a period of 10 years of observations of mercury concentrations in aquifers of the mouth area of the Northern Dvina River tend to decrease. So, if you compare the value of mercury content in water in 2004 and 2014 - the average concentration has decreased in 4,5 times. In our view this shows a reduction in revenues of mercury-containing wastewater directly into the river. Of course, this process cannot happen quickly because for such a long time period local pollution has undergone all elements of the River ecosystem of the mouth area of the Northern Dvina. Significant stocks of mercury accumulated in bottom sediments. We identified elevated concentrations of mercury in near-bottom horizon, which tells about the influence of bottom sediments on the flow of mercury in the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. [The use of diuretics in chronic heart failure. Position paper of the Russian Heart Failure Society].
- Author
-
Mareev VY, Garganeeva AA, Ageev FT, Arutunov GP, Begrambekova YL, Belenkov YN, Vasyuk YA, Galyavich AS, Gilarevsky SR, Glezer MG, Drapkina OM, Duplyakov DV, Kobalava ZD, Koziolova NA, Kuzheleva EA, Mareev YV, Ovchinnikov AG, Orlova YA, Perepech NB, Sitnikova MY, Skvortsov AA, Skibitskiy VV, and Chesnikova AI
- Subjects
- Chronic Disease, Humans, Russia, Diuretics, Heart Failure drug therapy
- Abstract
The document focuses on key issues of diuretic therapy in CHF from the standpoint of current views on the pathogenesis of edema syndrome, its diagnosis, and characteristics of using diuretics in various clinical situations.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The origin of symbiogenesis: An annotated English translation of Mereschkowsky's 1910 paper on the theory of two plasma lineages.
- Author
-
Kowallik KV and Martin WF
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria, Anaerobic genetics, Cell Nucleus genetics, Eukaryota genetics, Humans, Phylogeny, Plants genetics, Russia, Translating, Autotrophic Processes, Bacteria, Anaerobic metabolism, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Eukaryota metabolism, Plants metabolism, Symbiosis
- Abstract
In 1910, the Russian biologist Konstantin Sergejewitch Mereschkowsky (Константин Сергеевич Мережковский, in standard transliterations also written as Konstantin Sergeevič Merežkovskij and Konstantin Sergeevich Merezhkovsky) published a notable synthesis of observations and inferences concerning the origin of life and the origin of nucleated cells. His theory was based on physiology and leaned heavily upon the premise that thermophilic autotrophs were ancient. The ancestors of plants and animals were inferred as ancestrally mesophilic anucleate heterotrophs (Monera) that became complex and diverse through endosymbiosis. He placed a phylogenetic root in the tree of life among anaerobic autotrophic bacteria that lack chlorophyll. His higher level classification of all microbes and macrobes in the living world was based upon the presence or absence of past endosymbiotic events. The paper's primary aim was to demonstrate that all life forms descend from two fundamentally distinct organismal lineages, called mykoplasma and amoeboplasma, whose very nature was so different that, in his view, they could only have arisen independently of one another and at different times during Earth history. The mykoplasma arose at a time when the young Earth was still hot, it later gave rise to cyanobacteria, which in turn gave rise to plastids. The product of the second origin of life, the amoeboplasma, arose after the Earth had cooled and autotrophs had generated substrates for heterotrophic growth. Lineage diversification of that second plasma brought forth, via serial endosymbioses, animals (one symbiosis) and then plants (two symbioses, the second being the plastid). The paper was published in German, rendering it inaccessible to many interested scholars. Here we translate the 1910 paper in full and briefly provide some context., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Review of Papers Presented at the "Second International Kosygin Readings: Energy- and Resource-Efficient Environmentally Safe Technologies and Equipment," an International Scientific and Technical Symposium Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Kosygin State University of Russia
- Author
-
Gulyaev, Yu. V., Belgorodskii, V. S., and Kosheleva, M. K.
- Subjects
- *
TECHNOLOGY transfer , *ENVIRONMENTAL security , *STATE universities & colleges , *MASS transfer , *POWER resources , *CHEMICAL processes , *MASS transfer coefficients - Abstract
This review analyzes papers presented at the "Second International Kosygin Readings: Energy- and Resource-Efficient Environmentally Safe Technologies and Equipment," an International Scientific and Technical Symposium Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Kosygin State University of Russia, which was held as part of the International Kosygin Forum. These papers consider the fundamental principles of methods for intensifying basic processes in various industrial technologies, the scientific fundamentals of the development of energy- and resource-efficient chemical and other processes, innovative developments in this field, issues of the environmental safety of technological processes and equipment, effective systems for increasing technosphere safety, the theory and calculation of heat and mass transfer processes in technosphere protection systems, the issues of digitization as an intellectual and technological factor for increasing the energy and resource efficiency of chemical-manufacturing processes and plants, and the results of studies aimed at developing the theoretical fundamentals of energy- and resource-efficient industrial machinery and equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Editorial on paper: The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in Northwest Russia - A problem worth knowing about?
- Author
-
Turnbull C
- Subjects
- Humans, Polysomnography, Prevalence, Russia, Sleep Apnea Syndromes
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. State Legal Thought in Russia 19th - Early 20th Centuries in Monographs and Scientific Papers: The Experience of Systemic Examination.
- Author
-
Apolsky, Evgeny A., Mamychev, Alexey Yu., Mordovtsev, Andrey Yu., Hasanova, Zamira G., and Shalyapin, Sergey O.
- Subjects
- *
JUSTICE administration , *STATE laws -- History , *POLITICAL scientists , *HISTORY - Abstract
The paper presents the results of the next stage of a comprehensive study concerning Russian state-legal doctrines in the 19th and early 20th centuries, taken in the triune of the external form of their expression: in dissertations, in monographs and in scientific papers of the periodical legal press. The authors analyzed the content and results of publication of monographs and the most famous papers published by prerevolutionary Russian political scientists on key aspects of the state (constitutional) law science. Data are presented on the main priority areas of research, poorly developed fields of public law science, the laws of genesis and evolution, respectively, of monographic and periodical state-legal doctrines. The methodology proposed for the identification, analysis and general theoretical evaluation of state-legal doctrines has every reason to be applied for obtaining comprehensive knowledge of other branch pre-revolutionary legal doctrines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Measuring excellence in Russia: Highly cited papers, leading institutions, patterns of national and international collaboration.
- Author
-
Pislyakov, Vladimir and Shukshina, Elena
- Subjects
SCIENCE ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,RESEARCH funding ,BIBLIOGRAPHIC databases ,DATA analysis software - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The Charter of Saint-Petersburg Mining University as a Historical and Cultural Document
- Author
-
Shchukina, Daria ?, Egorenkova, Natalya ?, Bondareva, Olga N., and Grillo, Sheila Vieira de Camargo
- Abstract
This article presents the results of the analysis of the first two Charters of Saint Petersburg Mining University. A short period of educational activity of the first t in Russia is represented: from the date of the decree founding the Mining School in 1773 and the first Charter approved by Catherine II to the beginning of the XIX century, namely, 1804, the year of the second Charter. These documents are considered in their cultural and historical context, and the continuity in the implementation of education and training of mining engineers is revealed. Authors compare the Charter of the Mining School (1774) with the Charter of the Land Gentry Cadet Corps (1766), as well as the Charter of the Mining Cadet Corps (1804) with the Charter of Moscow University (1804). The Charters of the last third of the XVIII -- early XIX centuries contain objective information about the formation of the higher education system in Russia. The origins of two branches of higher education in Russia, classical University and higher technical educational institution, are indicated. Within the framework of the examined texts, a range of topics and issues discussed in the Charter as in organizational and legal document is highlighted. Universal character of the Charter as a document of its time, including a description of various aspects of activities of the educational institution, is noted. Analysis of the texts showed that Charters of the Mining School and the Mining Cadet Corps determined the life order of a closed educational institution. At the heart of its work was the task of educating a new person for a state service. All this allows us to consider the Charter as a historical and cultural document of a certain period.
- Published
- 2020
47. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Joint Use of Wood and Other Renewable Energy Sources in the Baikal Region.
- Author
-
Marchenko, Oleg, Solomin, Sergei, Shamanskiy, Vitaly, and Donskoy, Igor
- Subjects
RENEWABLE energy sources ,BIOMASS gasification ,POWER resources ,PAPER industry ,CLIMATIC zones ,LOGGING ,HYBRID power systems - Abstract
This paper addresses the assessment of woody biomass resources in Russia and the Baikal region. The analysis of the literature demonstrates that the Baikal region has considerable amounts of waste from the logging, timber processing, and pulp and paper industries (up to 220 PJ). A review of utilization technologies for woody biomass demonstrates that the existing technologies based on biomass gasification are promising for energy purposes. The gasification of biomass for small-capacity power plants has some advantages compared to its combustion. This paper considers an autonomous power system that consists of photovoltaic converters, wind turbines, storage batteries, a biomass gasification power plant, and a diesel power plant. A mathematical model used to optimize the system's structure finds the minimum of the total discounted costs for the creation and operation of the system with some constraints met. Based on mathematical modeling, the cost-effectiveness of such a power supply system is assessed for different climatic zones of the Baikal region and the coastal area of Lake Baikal. The findings indicate that the optimal solution is the integration of various renewable energy sources in hybrid power systems. The proportion of energy sources of different types in the installed capacities is found. The study demonstrates that the optimal structure of the power system can provide significant savings (the total discounted costs are reduced by almost 2.5 times compared to the option using a diesel power plant alone). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Mobile and Online Learning Impact in the Ukraine War.
- Author
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CIOBANU, Rareș-Constantin
- Subjects
ONLINE education ,MOBILE learning ,VIRTUAL classrooms ,PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience ,EDUCATORS - Abstract
In this paper it is displayed the resilience of the Ukrainian educators and students during the ongoing conflict with Russia, with a particular focus on the role of online learning platforms. Despite the challenges posed by air raids, evacuations, and infrastructure damage, educators have swiftly transitioned to virtual classrooms using platforms like Zoom, Google Meet, AllUkrainian Online School and others. These platforms not only provide continuity in education but also serve as spaces for emotional support, fostering discussions about the conflict and offering solidarity to students amidst uncertainty. While significant challenges persist, including reaching students in heavily affected regions, the adaptability and dedication of Ukrainian educators underscore the resilience of the human spirit in adversity. Online learning continues to serve as a beacon of hope, ensuring that the pursuit of knowledge endures even in the darkest of times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Pillar Universities in Russia: Bibliometrics of 'the second best'.
- Author
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Lisitskaya, Tatiana, Taranov, Pavel, Ugnich, Ekaterina, and Pislyakov, Vladimir
- Subjects
BIBLIOMETRICS ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
It is rather easy to identify the leading universities in a country, there are different established methods and indicators of excellence. Generally, it is more challenging to find 'the second best' universities which have the potential to become leaders, 'the firsts'. In Russia, such an attempt has been made. The program of 'Pillar Universities' was realized in 2016–2020, in two stages. This paper analyzes the initial stage of the project and its outcomes. We aim to investigate how the program affected the output of the universities from the bibliometric point of view. The results, obtained by bibliometric methods, are encouraging. There is an increase in publication output above the Russia's average growth. Multidisciplinarity, domestic and international collaboration also increase. Those universities which had no papers in the top journals started publishing their research there. The overall effect of the 'pillar project' is found to be positive. Bibliometrics is widely used for assessing higher education institutions and is free from local peculiarities. This allows using the observations of this study in a broader context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Information war in the Russian media ecology: the case of the Panama Papers.
- Author
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Hoskins, Andrew and Shchelin, Pavel
- Subjects
- *
INFORMATION warfare , *INFORMATION technology , *INTERNET , *SOCIAL media , *MASS media & politics , *MASS media - Abstract
Recent media ecologies are often characterized by their apparent excess and availability of information, in which elites have lost power to a multitude of citizen users. The 2010s, however, are marked by a new information battlespace, as governments, militaries and news organizations have arrested the initial chaotic free-for-all of the Internet. It was into this environment that the ‘Panama Papers’ were leaked in April 2016. We employ this story to illuminate some of the workings of information warfare in the contemporary Russian media ecology. We reveal the sophisticated gatekeeping work undertaken by a range of actors (state, journalists, news publics) in this ecology and their treatment of information across its historically established (television) and emergent (social) media forms. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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