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This abstract presents a formaldehyde catalytic mechanism diagram, illustrating the catalyst's subtle changes during the reaction process and providing a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms. [Display omitted] The elimination of formaldehyde at room temperature holds immense potential for various applications, and the incorporation of a catalyst rich in surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen significantly enhances its catalytic activity towards formaldehyde oxidation. By employing a coprecipitation method, we successfully achieved a palladium domain confined within the manganese carbonate lattice and doped with iron. This synergistic effect between highly dispersed palladium and iron greatly amplifies the concentration of surface hydroxyl groups and oxygen on the catalyst, thereby enabling complete oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient conditions. The proposed method facilitates the formation of domain-limited palladium within the MnCO 3 lattice, thereby enhancing the dispersion of palladium and facilitating its partial incorporation into the MnCO 3 lattice. Consequently, this approach promotes increased exposure of active sites and enhances the catalyst's capacity for oxygen activation. The co-doping of iron effectively splits the doping sites of palladium to further enhance its dispersion, while simultaneously modifying the electronic modification of the catalyst to alter formaldehyde's adsorption strength on it. Manganese carbonate exhibits superior adsorption capability for activated surface hydroxyl groups due to the presence of carbonate. In situ infrared testing revealed that dioxymethylene and formate are primary products resulting from catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde, with catalyst surface oxygen and hydroxyl groups playing a crucial role in intermediate product decomposition and oxidation. This study provides novel insights for designing palladium-based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AgPd/AgAu-hetero-junctioned nanostructures composed of AgPd-nanoparticle and AgAu nanotroughs were constructed successfully by interface-confined dual galvanic etching strategy. Composition-optimized AgPd/AgAu-hetero-junctioned Ag 13 Pd 67 Au 20 exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for ethanol electrooxidation. [Display omitted] The functions of nanomaterials are closely linked with their fine structures and compositions. Precisely processing nanoparticles into morphology- and composition-varied nanostructures can a cutting-edge technology for producing complex nanostructures. Herein, we develop an interface-confined precise processing strategy towards toluene/water-interfacial Ag nanowires. Interfacial Ag nanowires are transformed into AgPd-nanoparticle-sealed AgAu nanotroughs with abundant AgPd/AgAu hetero-junctions (i.e., AgPdAu hetero-junction nanostructures). By adjusting the reaction conditions, composition-varied AgPdAu hetero-junction nanostructures can be obtained. The formation of AgPdAu hetero-junction nanostructures can be attributed to interface-confined precise etching towards Ag nanowires separately from the two subphases of the water and the toluene. Composition-optimized Ag 13 Pd 67 Au 20 hetero-junction nanostructure shows satisfactory catalytic performance towards ethanol electrooxidation: ∼4 and 2 times in electrochemical-activity-surface-area-normalized activities; ∼6 and 5 times in mass-normalized activities higher than commercial Pd/C and Pt/C, respectively. The outstanding catalytic capability of Ag 13 Pd 67 Au 20 may be attributed to optimized composition, porous nanostructures as well as abundant AgPd/AgAu hetero-junctions. This work demonstrates the feasibility of precisely processing interfacial nanoparticles, opening the way for creating morphology-well-defined composition-varied complex nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The rapid development of process technology has led to rapid daily industrial production, which also produced a large amount of waste liquid. At the same time, the existing treatment technology cannot keep up with the demand, resulting in the malicious destruction of the environment by wastewater, especially mercury-containing wastewater was very harmful. Effective means of removing mercury ions need to be found. With magnetic ferric oxide as the core and titanium-based metal–organic frameworks as the shell, a new type of magnetic adsorbent (BTA-MIL-125(Ti)@Fe 3 O 4) was synthesized. Materials were tested by multiple characterization methods and multiple sets of experiments. At optimal pH 6, the removal rate in 100 ppm Hg(Ⅱ) was as high as 95.8%. The theoretical adsorption capacity was 615 mg/L. Isothermal experiments, kinetic experiments and thermodynamic experiments have respectively verified that the material was a kind of adsorption material with self-emission heat based on chemical action and synergistic adsorption with Hill model. By simulating the immunity of a variety of ions (Cu, Zn, Mg, Ni, Cd), the material itself also exhibited a very high affinity for Hg(Ⅱ). The results of five high-cycle stable adsorption proved the repeatable stability of the material itself. Various characterization methods have also shown that nitrogen and sulfur-containing groups chelated with Hg(Ⅱ). All of the above was enough to show that the BTA-MIL-125(Ti)@Fe 3 O 4 was a magnetic adsorption material with excellent performance and great prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] In the context of industrialization and severe wastewater pollution, mercury ions pose a major threat due to their high toxicity. However, traditional adsorbents and common metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have limited effectiveness. This study focuses on combining magnetic materials with functionalized titanium-based MOF composite (SNN-MIL-125(Ti)@Fe 3 O 4) to improve mercury ion adsorption. Through comprehensive characterization and analysis, the adsorption performance and mechanism of the material were studied. The optimal adsorption of the material was achieved at pH 5, exhibiting a pseudo-second-order adsorption model and the Hill theoretical capacity of 668.98 mg/g. Hill and Tempkin models confirmed the presence of chemical and physical adsorption sites on the material surface. Thermodynamic experiments showed a spontaneous endothermic process. Despite the presence of interfering ions, the material exhibited high selectivity for mercury ions. After four cycles, adsorption performance decreased by only 8%, indicating excellent reusability. Nitrogen- and sulfur-containing functional groups played a key role in mercury ion adsorption. In conclusion, SNN-MIL-125(Ti)@Fe 3 O 4 , as a magnetic MOF adsorption material, showed potential for effective remediation of mercury-contaminated wastewater. This study contributes to the development of efficient adsorption materials and enhances the understanding of their mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The bilayer aerogel was obtained by cellulose skeleton with PVAP hydrogel and CNT. • An evaporation rate of 4.02 kg m−2 h−1 was achieved by CPC under 1 sun irradiation. • Water evaporation increased to 11.37 kg m−2 h−1 with convective flow of 2.0 m s−1. • The 10.70 kg m−2 h−1 was obtained in salt water by utilization multiple energy. • Cost-effectiveness and significant desalination highlight wide application of CPC. Interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) provides a sustainable approach of clean water production through desalination and water purification. It is still needed to pursue a fast evaporation rate, high-quality freshwater production, and low-cost evaporators. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) bilayer aerogel was fabricated using cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as a skeleton filled with polyvinyl alcohol phosphate ester (PVAP), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) as a light absorbing material in the top layer. The CNF/PVAP/CNT aerogel (CPC) had broadband light absorption ability and exhibited an ultrafast water transfer rate. The lower thermal conductivity of CPC effectively confined the convert heat in the top surface and minimized heat loss. Additionally, a large amount of intermediate water caused by water activation decreased the evaporation enthalpy. Under 1 sun irradiation, the CPC-3 (3.0 cm height of CPC) achieved a high evaporation rate of 4.02 kg m−2 h−1 with an energy conversion efficiency of 125.1%. The additional convective flow and environmental energy made CPC achieve an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 11.37 kg m−2 h−1, surpassing 673% of the solar input energy. More importantly, the continuous solar desalination and higher evaporation rate (10.70 kg m−2 h−1) in seawater revealed that CPC was a promising candidate for practical desalination. Outdoor cumulative evaporation was up to 73.2 kg m−2 d−1 in weak sunlight and lower temperature, which would meet the daily drinking water demands of 20 people. The excellent cost-effectiveness of 1.085 L h−1 $−1 presented its potential for a wide range of practical applications, such as solar desalination, wastewater treatment, and metal extractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composition-varied Au/PtTe hetero-junction-abundant nanostructures are fabricated by combining interfacial self-assembly and interface-confined transformation strategy, and can be directly used as electrocatalysts of boosting ethanol electrooxidation. [Display omitted] Pt-based multi-metallic electrocatalysts containing hetero-junctions are found to have superior catalytic performance to composition-equivalent counterparts. However, in bulk solution, controllable preparation of Pt-based hetero-junction electrocatalyst is an extremely random work owing to the complexity of solution reactions. Herein, we develop an interface-confined transformation strategy, subtly achieving Au/PtTe hetero-junction-abundant nanostructures by employing interfacial Te nanowires as sacrificing templates. By controlling the reaction conditions, composition-varied Au/PtTe can be easily obtained, such as Au 75 /Pt 20 Te 5 , Au 55 /Pt 34 Te 11 , and Au 5 /Pt 69 Te 26. Moreover, each Au/PtTe hetero-junction nanostructure appears to be an array consisting of side-by-side Au/PtTe nanotrough units and can be directly used as a catalyst layer without further post-treatment. All Au/PtTe hetero-junction nanostructures show better catalytic activity towards ethanol electrooxidation than commercial Pt/C because of the combining contributions of Au/Pt hetero-junctions and the collective effects of multi-metallic elements, where Au 75 /Pt 20 Te 5 exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance among three Au/PtTe nanostructures owing to its optimal composition. This study may provide technically feasible guidance for further maximizing the catalytic activity of Pt-based hybrid catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Size-tunable Co/CoO nanoparticles are fabricated using cubic ZIF-67 as precursors. • Co/CoO with a particle size of 30 nm exhibits strong absorption at low frequency. • At a thin thickness of 2.3 mm, the minimum RL value reaches −90.3 dB at 4.4 GHz. • Almost the entire S, C, and X bands absorption can be achieved at 1.0–4.0 mm. • Attenuation mechanism of strong low-frequency absorber is clarified. Nowadays, constructing strong absorption materials addressing the low-frequency electromagnetic radiation (S and C bands) from electronic devices remains a significant challenge. In this work, size-tunable Co/CoO nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated by decomposing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) precursors and subsequent hydrogen reduction. All samples show obvious low-frequency attenuation in the S and C bands. At a thin thickness of 2.3 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL) value for the Co/CoO NPs of 30 nm reaches up to −90.3 dB at 4.4 GHz, and the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of RL ≤ −10 dB ranges from 3.8 to 5.4 GHz. Notably, 90 % of the electromagnetic waves can be absorbed in the frequency range of 2.3–13.2 GHz, covering almost the entire S, C, and X bands at a thickness of 1.0–4.0 mm. The strong low-frequency absorption performance is attributed to the nano-porous structure, high conduction loss, tunable dielectric/magnetic loss, as well as optimized impedance matching. These Co/CoO NPs are promising candidates for high-efficient microwave absorbers in the low-frequency application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cranial radiotherapy is a major treatment for leukemia and brain tumors. Our previous study found abscopal effects of cranial irradiation could cause spermatogenesis disorder in mice. However, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In the study, adult male C57BL/6 mice were administrated with 20 Gy X-ray cranial irradiation (5 Gy per day for 4 days consecutively) and sacrificed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics of testis was combined with bioinformatics analysis to identify key molecules and signal pathways related to spermatogenesis at 4 weeks after cranial irradiation. GO analysis showed that spermatogenesis was closely related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Severe oxidative stress occurred in testis, serum and brain, while serious inflammation also occurred in testis and serum. Additionally, the sex hormones related to hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis were disrupted. PI3K/Akt pathway was activated in testis, which upstream molecule SCF/C-Kit was significantly elevated. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation ability of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were altered. These findings suggest that cranial irradiation can cause spermatogenesis disorder through brain-blood-testicular cascade oxidative stress, inflammation and the secretory dysfunction of HPG axis, and SCF/C-kit drive this process through activating PI3K/Akt pathway. • Cranial irradiation altered protein profile of testis related to spermatogenesis. • Cranial irradiation triggered brain-blood-testis cascade response. • Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis mediated spermatogenesis disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meteorite impact and solar wind irradiation are two major processes of space weathering on the Moon, but their effects on lunar soils remain poorly understood. We report the first discovery of native copper and FeCo alloy from a Chang'e-5 lunar basaltic clast. The native copper grains (∼0.1–2 μm) coexist exclusively with thin Cu-sulfide (digenite) layers (∼50–100 nm) that cover troilite, the associated iron whiskers and adjacent pyroxene and ilmenite. The FeCo alloy (∼100–200 nm) was associated with the iron metal on troilite. Both Cu and Co are probably exogenous since they are not detected in the troilite. These observations suggest that the digenite layer, native copper and FeCo alloy condensed from an impact-induced vapor with a high Cu/S ratio and Co-bearing composition. Our discoveries shed light on complicated space weathering processes on the Moon. • Native copper and FeCo alloy were first observed in Chang'e-5 lunar soil. • The thin digenite layer on troilite suggests an impact-induced vapor deposit origin. • The coexisting of Cu, FeCo and digenite indicate they were formed in an impact event. • Both Cu and Co may be introduced into the Chang'e-5 lunar soil by meteorite impactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we develop an adaptive algorithm for the efficient numerical solution of the minimum compliance problem in topology optimization. The algorithm employs the phase field approximation and continuous density field. The adaptive procedure is driven by two residual type a posteriori error estimators, one for the state variable and the other for the first-order optimality condition of the objective functional. The adaptive algorithm is provably convergent in the sense that the sequence of numerical approximations generated by the adaptive algorithm contains a subsequence convergent to a solution of the continuous first-order optimality system. We provide several numerical simulations to show the distinct features of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis is a significant indication of accelerated intervertebral disc degeneration; however, the precise mechanism is unelucidated as of yet. Ephrin B2 (EFNB2), the only gene down-regulated in the three degraded intervertebral disc tissue microarray groups (GSE70362, GSE147383 and GSE56081), was screened for examination in this study. Subsequently, EFNB2 was verified to be down-regulated in degraded NP tissue samples. Interleukin-1 (IL-1β) treatment of NP cells to simulate the IDD environment indicated that IL-1β treatment decreased EFNB2 expression. In degenerative NP cells stimulated by IL-1β, EFNB2 knockdown significantly increased the rate of apoptosis as well as the apoptosis-related molecules cleaved-caspase-3 and the Bax to Bcl-2 ratio. EFNB2 was found to promote AKT, PI3K, and mTOR phosphorylation; the PI3K/AKT signaling role was investigated using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. EFNB2 overexpression significantly increased PI3K/AKT pathway activity in IL-1β-stimulated NP cells than the normal control. Moreover, EFNB2 partially alleviated NP cell apoptosis induced by IL-1β, reduced the cleaved-cas3 level, and decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio after the addition of the inhibitor LY294002. Additionally, EFNB2 overexpression inhibited the ERK1/2 phosphorylation; the effects of EFNB2 overexpression on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, degenerative NP cell viability, and cell apoptosis were partially reversed by ERK signaling activator Ceramide C6. EFNB2 comprehensively inhibited the apoptosis of NP cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling and inhibiting the ERK signaling, obviating the exacerbation of IDD. EFNB2 could be a potential target to protect against degenerative disc changes. [Display omitted] • EFNB2 expression was downregulated in degenerative NP tissues and NP cells. • Overexpression of EFNB2 relieved IL-1β-induced NP cell viability inhibition and apoptosis. • PI3K and ERK signaling were involved in the protective role of EFNB2 in degenerative NP cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camel milk is becoming increasingly popular among consumers due to its nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, challenges such as the harsh living conditions required for camels and the relatively low production when compared to cow milk affect the sales of camel milk. Nevertheless, fermented camel milk is an excellent carrier of probiotics, which not only maintain its positive characteristics but also provide additional benefits. In this study, we compared the pH, viable counts, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activity, and microrheological properties of untreated fermented camel milk (control group) and fermented camel milk treated with probiotics (Zhang group [ Lacticaseibacillus casei Zhang], V9 group [ Bifidobacterium lactis V9], and Mix group [Zhang + V9]). After the addition of probiotics, the fermentation time reduced, potentially decreasing the costs associated with large-scale camel milk fermentation. Finally, eight key metabolites were identified in camel milk and fermented camel milk, we observed that the post-fermentation levels of guanine were significantly higher in the probiotic groups, with the highest levels observed in the Mix group. The research provides a theoretical basis for preparation of probiotic fermented camel milk, and produces a product which can be used to for diabetes patients in the future. • Untargeted metabolomics revealed the fermented camel milk's diversity and dynamics. • Probiotic addition could reduce the loss of IGF-1. • L. casei Zhang and B. lactis V9 could mutually promote the content of guanine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between maternal genetic and environmental exposure and conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) have been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of ozone (O 3) on the risk of CTDs. To explore the correlation between maternal exposure to O 3 and CTDs in China. Pregnant women who underwent fetal echocardiography at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2013 and December 2021 were enrolled. Their sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle information, along with fetal data, were systematically collected. Fetal echocardiography was used to detect CTDs. Maternal exposure to ambient O 3 during the embryonic period, the first trimester, the three months preceding the last menstrual period, and the perinatal period was estimated using residential addresses or hospital addresses associated with prenatal visits. The concentration of O 3 was divided by quartiles, with the first quartile serving as a reference. Adjusted logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations between every 10 μg/m3 increase or quartile increase in ambient O 3 exposure and CTDs. Among 24,278 subjects, 1069 exhibited fetuses with CTDs. Maternal exposure to ambient O 3 during three pregnancy periods was associated with increased CTD risk. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 1.271 (1.189–1.360) per 10 μg/m3 increase in O 3 during the perinatal period. For each quartile of O 3, the risk increased with increasing exposure concentration, particularly during the perinatal period (OR = 2.206 for quartile 2, 2.367 for quartile 3, and 3.378 for quartile 4, all P<0.05). Elevated maternal exposure to O 3 during pregnancy, particularly in the perinatal period, is linked to an increased risk of fetal CTDs. Further longitudinal analyses are needed to validate these results. • Higher O 3 exposure levels are associated with higher risk of fetal CTDs. • The most pronounced association was observed within the periconception period. • Pregnant women should adopt healthy lifestyles and avoid exposure to O 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manure is one of the main sources of heavy metal (HM) pollution on farmlands. It has become the focus of global ecological research because of its potential threat to human health and the sustainability of food systems. Soil pH and organic matter are improved by manure and play pivotal roles in determining soil HM behavior. Geochemical modeling has been widely used to assess and predict the behavior of soil HMs; however, there remains a research gap in manure applications. In this study, a geochemical model (LeachXS) coupled with a pH-dependent leaching test with continuously simulations over a broad pH range was used to determine the effects and pollution risks of pig or cattle manure separate application on soil HMs distribution. Both pig and cattle manure applications led to soil pH reduction in alkaline soils and increased organic matter content. Pig manure application resulted in a potential 90.5–156.0 % increase in soil HM content. Cattle manure did not cause significant HM contamination. The leaching trend of soil HMs across treatments exhibited a V-shaped change, with the lowest concentration at pH = 7, gradually increasing toward strong acids and bases. The dissolved organic matter-bound HM content directly increased the HM availability, especially for Cu (up to 8.4 %) after pig manure application. However, more HMs (Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni) were in the particulate organic matter-bound state than in other solid phases (e.g., Fe-Al(hydr) oxides, clay minerals), which inhibited the HMs leaching by more than 19.3 % after cattle manure application. Despite these variations, high HM concentrations introduced by pig manure raised the soil contamination risk, potentially exceeding 40 times at pH ±1. When manure is returned to the field, reducing its HM content and mitigating possible pollution is necessary to realize the healthy and sustainable development of circular agriculture. [Display omitted] • LeachXS accurately simulated heavy metal distribution across pH 1–14. • Pig manure increased dissolved organic matter-bound Cu. • Cattle manure raised particulate organic matter-bound heavy metals, hindering availability. • Equal pig manure application was likelier to cause soil heavy metal contamination than cattle manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation i u t − u x x + V (x) u + | u | 2 u = 0 , x ∈ T = R / 2 π Z subject to periodic boundary conditions, where the potential V (x) is real analytic in | I m x | < r and i = − 1. It is proved that there exist many quasi-periodic solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with given potential V (x) by a infinite dimensional KAM theorem dealing with multiple eigenvalues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing evidences have confirmed the relationship between mitophagy and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The exact mechanism of upstream circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulating PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) mediated mitophagy and its contribution to NASH-related liver fibrosis was explored in our study. Primary hepatic stellate cells (PHSCs) from C57BL/6 mice transfected with small interfering RNAs against PINK1 (si-PINK1) and negative control (si-NC) were prepared to perform circRNA sequence. Differentially expressed circRNAs, bioinformatic analysis and predicting software were performed to select axis of circ608/miR-222/PINK1. The expressions of circ608/miR-222/PINK1 were verified by RT-qPCR. The mitochondrial function was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of COX4 and LC3B. PINK1-mediated mitophagy was inhibited in NASH-related liver fibrosis mice. CircRNA sequence revealed there were 37 DE-circRNAs between si-PINK1 PHSCs and si-NC PHSCs. Bioinformatic analysis showed these DE-circRNAs were related to enriched signaling pathways (such as Wnt, Rap1, mTOR, Hippo) regulating liver fibrosis and mitophagy. Circ608 was significantly down-regulated in lipotoxic HSCs and in livers of NASH-related liver fibrosis mice. MiR222 was identified to be the target miRNA of circ608 and was negatively regulated by circ608 in lipotoxic HSCs. MiR222 also had a binding site with PINK1 and could negatively regulate PINK1. So, the axis of circ608-miR222-PINK1 was proved to participate in NASH-related liver fibrosis by regulating mitophagy. These results illustrated that circ608 might promote PINK1-mediated mitophagy though inhibiting miR222 in lipotoxic HSCs. Circ608 could promote PINK1-mediated mitophagy of HSCs though inhibiting miR222 in NASH-related liver fibrosis. • Enhancing mitophagy could alleviate liver fibrosis in CCl 4 mice and suppressing mitophagy has the opposite effect. • PINK1-mediated mitophagy was suppressed in NASH-related liver fibrosis mice. • Circ608 could promote PINK1-mediated mitophagy of HSCs though inhibiting miR222 in NASH-related liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent concerns of controlling water body eutrophication and the alleviating phosphorus shortage have led to an urgent need for action. The removal of phosphate from polluted waters and its reuse are essential for the prevention of eutrophication and for the sustainable utilization of phosphate resources. In this study, modified attapulgite with different Ca:Mg molar ratios was synthesized to facilitate the recovery of phosphate, with subsequent use of soil fertilizer. Ca–Mg modified attapulgite with the optimal ratio (ACM-5:3) exhibited an exceptional adsorption quality, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 63.2 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model could well describe the adsorption kinetics and isotherms, respectively. The adsorption mechanism analyses suggested that the interaction between ACM-5:3 and phosphate depended mainly on ion exchange and electrostatic attraction. Moreover, phosphate-laden-ACM-5:3 demonstrated a significant potential as a phosphorus-releasing fertilizer. It could promote corn growth by ensuring a continuous supply of phosphorus and minimizing phosphorus runoff losses. The above results suggested that ACM-5:3 was a potential adsorbent for efficient phosphate removal and recovery. [Display omitted] • Ca–Mg modified attapulgite was prepared using the co-precipitation method. • The maximum adsorption capacity of ACM-5:3 was 63.2 mg/g. • Phosphate-laden-ACM-5:3 was directly used as a slow-release phosphorus fertilizer. • Efficient recovery and reuse of phosphates was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound (US) is an innovative food processing technique that has gained significant interest for its role in modifying proteins. Our study focused on how different US time exposure influence the stability, interfacial structure, and rheological characteristics of whey protein infused with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). Results indicated that a 9-min ultrasound treatment (US-9) of protein, yielding an emulsion with particle size of 338.3 nm and ζ-potential of −48 mV, was optimal for enhancing functional properties of the emulsion. The US-9 emulsion exhibited different surface rheological properties compared to other emulsions, revealing a heterogeneous MFGM stabilization interface predominantly made of MFGM fragments, free phospholipids, and proteins. The US-9 emulsion surface covered more phospholipids, indicating improved emulsion persistence, based on interfacial protein and phospholipid content calculations and microstructure observation. While the US-9 emulsion did not affect fat digestion, the US-6 min treatment resulted in an optimal fatty acid release rate. Further experimentation may be necessary to elucidate the intricate relationship between ultrasound duration and fat digestion. These findings have leaded to a better understanding of the emulsification capabilities of MFGM materials, as well as a foundation to improve infant formula quality. • Ultrasound modifies proteins could alter their structures. • Ultrasound can influence the composition of the droplet interface. • The physicochemical properties of the emulsion after ultrasound have improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the current surge in the production of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by crystal engineering, more structurally diverse MOFs must be developed and prepared for the study of their application properties and structural stability. Herein, one novel two-dimensional MOF, [Sr(μ 5 -p -FPhHIDC)(H 2 O)] n (1) was solvothermally constructed and structurally characterized by adopting an organic linker, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (p -FPhH 3 IDC), in which the [SrO 9 ] tetrakaidecahedrons were joined by the organic linkers to constitute a beautiful grid structure. The remarkable fluorescence characteristics and proton transfer are due to the strong coordination between the organic ligands and the central metal ions in the framework of 1 , as well as the carboxylic acid and coordination water molecules carried on the framework. Extensive tests demonstrated that, at relative humidity of 75–98 %, this MOF displayed a specific proton conductivity (10−7-10−5 S/cm) and significant room-temperature solid-state fluorescence (λ em = 406 nm). Proton conduction and luminescence mechanisms were also conjectured. This study is a helpful resource for creating MOF materials with a range of application-specific properties. Two-in-one: Proton-conductive and luminescence properties of one strontium(II)-organic framework bearing imidazole dicarboxylate One thermal-stable substituted imidazole dicarboxylate-based Sr(II) MOF was prepared and structurally characterized. Its proton-conducting and luminescence properties were examined as well. [Display omitted] • One 2D Sr(II) MOF was synthesized. • 2-Position substituted imidazole dicarboxylate. • The MOF was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. • Its proton-conductive and luminescence properties were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of particulate matter (PM) in poultry farms differs significantly from that of atmospheric PM as there is a higher concentration of microbes on farms. To assess the health effects of PM from poultry farms on pregnant animals, we collected PM from duck houses using a particulate sampler, processed it via centrifugation and vacuum concentration, and subsequently exposed the mice to airborne PM at 0.48 mg/m3 (i.e., low concentration group) and 1.92 mg/m3 (i.e., high concentration group) on the fifth day of pregnancy. After exposure until the twentieth day of pregnancy or spontaneous delivery, mice were euthanized for sampling. The effects of PM from duck houses on the pregnancy toxicity of mice were analyzed using histopathological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that exposure to PM had adverse effects on pregnant mice that reduced their feed intake in both groups. Microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs and placentas of pregnant mice, and the lesions worsened with increased PM concentrations, as shown by alveolar wall thickening, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in pulmonary interstitium, congestion, edema, and cellular degeneration of placenta. In pregnant mice in the high concentration group, exposure to PM significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and placentas, caused oxidative stress, and decreased estrogen level in the blood. Exposure to PM also resulted in the reduced litter sizes of pregnant mice and shorter body and tail lengths in the fetuses delivered. Beyond that, exposure to PM significantly downregulated the levels of antioxidant factor superoxide dismutase and neurotrophic factor Ngf in the brains of fetuses. Collectively, exposure to a high concentration of PM by inhalation among pregnant mice caused significant pregnancy toxicity that led to abnormal fetal development due to inflammatory damage and oxidative stress. These findings established a foundation for future studies on the underlying mechanisms of pregnancy toxicity induced by exposure to PM. [Display omitted] • The reproductive toxicity of PM in duck houses to pregnant mice was assessed for the first time by inhalation exposure. • Long-term exposure of PM from duck houses to pregnant mice by aerosolization can lead to gestational toxicity. • Inflammatory response and oxidative stress were important mechanisms of adverse pregnancy caused by PM in pregnant mice. • Exposure of pregnant mice to PM causes stunting in fetuses and may have adverse effects on their neurological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic, a common metal-like substance, has been demonstrated to pose potential health hazards and induce behavioral changes in humans and rodents. However, the chronic neurotoxic effects of arsenic on aquatic animals are still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arsenic exposure on adult zebrafish by subjecting 3-month-old zebrafish to three different sodium arsenite water concentrations: 0 μg/L (control group), 50 μg/L, and 500 μg/L, over a period of 30 days. To assess the risk associated with arsenic exposure in the aquatic environment, behavior analysis, transmission electron microscopy techniques, and quantitative real-time PCR were employed. The behavior of adult zebrafish was evaluated using six distinct tests: the mirror biting test, shoaling test, novel tank test, social preference test, social recognition test, and T maze. Following the behavioral tests, the brains of zebrafish were dissected and collected for ultrastructural examination and gene expression analysis. The results revealed that sodium arsenite exposure led to a significant reduction in aggression, cohesion, social ability, social cognition ability, learning, and memory capacity of zebrafish. Furthermore, ultrastructure and genes regulating behavior in the zebrafish brain were adversely affected by sodium arsenite exposure. [Display omitted] • Arsenic has multiple neurobehavioral effects in zebrafish. • Arsenic exposure resulted in histopathological changes in the zebrafish telencephalon and midbrain. • Arsenic exposure altered the expression of npas4l, bdnf, pth2 and pcsk9 mRNA in zebrafish brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Raman-scattering-assisted noise-like pulse has advantage of ultra-broad spectrum. • Core-pumping by using a 978 nm fiber laser to provide high pump efficiency. • First and second order Raman pulses are effectively generated. • The relationship between gain fiber length and output spectrum is studied. • Analyzing spectral evolution through dispersive Fourier transform. Stable Raman-scattering-assisted noise-like pulse is experimentally demonstrated in an all polarization-maintaining ytterbium-doped 'nine-shaped' mode-locked fiber laser based on nonlinear optical loop mirror. The pump source is a self-made single mode 978 nm fiber laser with a maximum output power of 8.45 W. Different pulse states are investigated through dispersive Fourier transform technology. First and second order Raman pulses are generated effectively with only 7.2 m length large-mode-area fiber. Numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the effect of gain fiber length on output laser wavelength. The output spectrum ranges from 980 nm to 1175 nm, the short-wavelength edge almost extends to the 978 nm pump wavelength, which is benefitted from the core-pumping scheme providing extremely high population inversion for gain fiber, as well as the short length YDF of 0.2 m suppressing reabsorption of radiation laser. The polarization extinction ratio is experimentally measured by a spectral subtraction method to be larger than 28 dB at each wavelength between 1010 nm and 1120 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatotoxicity is frequently observed following acute cadmium (Cd) exposure in chicken. Oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation are regarded as the main reasons for cadmium-induced liver injury. NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-induced pyroptosis is involved in various inflammatory diseases, including liver injury. Poultry are more susceptible to harmful effects of heavy metals. However, the mechanism of cadmium-induced liver injury in chicken is still elusive. In this study, the effect of cadmium on chicken liver cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed mitochondria was damaged and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in chicken liver cell line LMH after cadmium exposure. Furthermore, cadmium-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the cell membrane rupture indicated LMH cells pyroptosis. The ROS scavengers, acetylcysteine (NAC) and Mito-TEMPO prevented pyroptosis in LMH cells, suggesting that ROS were responsible for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by cadmium. Additionally, anti-oxidative transcription factor Nrf2 was inhibited after cadmium exposure, explaining the excessive ROS generation. In summary, our study showed that cadmium leads to ROS generation by inducing mitochondrial damage and inhibiting Nrf2 activity, which promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and eventually induces pyroptosis in LMH cells. ● Cadmium induces NLRP3-denpendent pyroptosis in LMH cells. ● ROS are involved in cadmium-induced pyroptosis in LMH cells. ● Nrf2 signaling pathway is inhibited by cadmium in LMH cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthen sites are the important cultural heritage that carriers of human civilization and contains abundant history information. Microorganisms are one of important factors causing the deterioration of cultural heritage. However, little attention has been paid to the role of biological factors on the deterioration of earthen sites at present. In this study, microbial communities of Jinsha earthen site soils with different deterioration types and degrees as well as related to environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of Mg2+ and SO 4 2− were higher in the severe deterioration degree soils than in the minor deterioration degree soils. The Chao1 richness and Shannon diversity indices of bacteria in different type deterioration were higher in the summer than in the winter; the Chao1 and Shannon indices of fungi were lower in the summer. The differences in bacterial and fungal communities were associated with differences in Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents. Based on both the relative abundances in amplicon sequencing and isolated strains, the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and the Ascomycota genera Aspergillus , Cladosporium and Penicillium were common in all soils. The OTUs enriched in the severe deterioration degree soils were mostly assigned to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, whereas the Firmicutes OTUs differentially abundant in the severe deterioration degree were all depleted. All bacterial isolates produced alkali, implying that the deterioration on Jinsha earthen site may be accelerated through alkali production. The fungal isolates included both alkali and acid producing strains. The fungi with strong ability to produce acid were mainly from the severe deterioration degree samples and were likely to contribute to the deterioration. Taken together, the interaction between soil microbial communities and environment may affect the soil deterioration, accelerate the deterioration process and threaten the long-term preservation of Jinsha earthen site. • The microbial communities differed among deterioration types, degrees and seasons. • Mg2+ and SO 4 2− contents were highest in the severe deterioration degree soils. • The differences in bacterial and fungal communities were associated with differences in Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents. • Isolated bacteria and fungi produced acid or alkali that may accelerate deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tri- ortho -cresyl phosphate (TOCP), an organophosphorus compound (OP), which is widely used as plasticizer, flame retardant and other industrial products, has been reported to cause multiple toxicities including neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. However, it remains to be elusive whether TOCP induces hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TOCP on hepatocytes and the lipid metabolism in particular. The adult mice were given a single dose of TOCP (800 mg/kg, p.o.) and the histological changes in liver tissue and lipid content in serum were determined. The results showed that more vacuoles and lipid droplets were observed in the liver of the mice exposed to TOCP. And triglyceride concentrations in serum and liver tissue significantly increased. However, the histopathological changes of the liver and the elevated triglyceride levels in the exposed mice can be reversed by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid and mTOR signal inhibitor rapamycin. It was also found that the changes of expression levels of the biomarkers of ER stress and mTOR signaling pathway, such as GRP78, CHOP, and p-mTOR, in the exposed mice were consistent with those observed in the cultured primary hepatocytes treated with the same chemicals. These results showed that TOCP activated mTOR signal and ER stress to induce de novo lipid synthesis, which led to the hepatic steatosis in mouse. • TOCP induces hepatic steatosis through activating de novo lipogenesis. • TOCP affects lipid metabolism by the sterol regulatory element binding protein. • mTOR signals and ER stress participate in the TOCP-induced hepatic steatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatin remodeling proteins modulate nucleosome dynamic to affect global gene expression and other cellular processes. Their roles in the regulation of plant growth and development have been widely reported, but their roles in plant stress resistance, especially disease resistance, have not been extensively investigated. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis Immunity Switch (ISWI) chromatin-remodeling factors CHR11 and CHR17, are negative regulators of plant disease resistance. The loss of both CHR11 and CHR17 function led to upregulation of a large set of defense response genes in the absence of pathogen infection. The chr11 single mutant showed enhanced resistance against a virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Further analysis revealed that mutation of Phytoalexin Deficient4 (PAD4) reduced the upregulation of defense gene expression as well as resistance against Pst DC3000 in the chr11 chr17 double mutant. However, mutation of PAD4 does not rescue the growth defects of chr11 chr17. Together, our study revealed a function of ISWI in repressing defense response under non-pathogenic conditions and indicates distinct target genes of ISWI in regulating plant growth and plant immunity. • ISWI represses defense response gene expression under normal growth condition. • ISWI negatively regulate resistance to bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis. • The ISWI-regulated plant immunity is partially dependent on PAD4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the "self-trapping" mechanism inducing spatio-temporal pattern formations observed in the experiment of [21] for bacterial motion, the following density-suppressed motility model { u t = Δ (γ (v) u) + u (a − b u) , v t = Δ v + u − v , was proposed in [6,21] , where u (x , t) and v (x , t) represent the densities of bacteria and the chemical emitted by the bacteria, respectively; γ (v) is called the motility function satisfying γ ′ (v) < 0 and a , b > 0 are positive constants accounting for the growth and death rates of bacterial cells. The analysis of the above system is highly non-trivial due to the cross-diffusion and possible degeneracy resulting from the nonlinear motility function γ (v) and mathematical progresses on the global well-posedness and asymptotics of solutions were just made recently. Among other things, the purpose of this paper is to consider the above system with motility function γ (v) = 1 (1 + v) m (m > 0) and investigate the traveling wave solutions which are genuine patterns observed in the experiment of [21]. By introducing an auxiliary parabolic problem to which the comparison principle applies and constructing relaxed super- and sub-solutions with spatially inhomogeneous decay rates, we show that there exist two constants b ⁎ (m , a) and K (m , a) , for b > b ⁎ (m , a) and K (m , a) < 1 , the above density-suppressed motility model admits traveling wave solutions (u , v) (x , t) = : (U , V) (x ⋅ ξ − c t) in R N along the direction ξ ∈ S N − 1 for all wave speed c ≥ 2 a connecting the equilibrium (a / b , a / b) to (0 , 0) , while positive traveling wave solutions will not exist if c < 2 a. As m → 0 , we have b ⁎ (m , a) → 0 and K (m , a) → 0 , our results are well consistent with the relevant results for the well-known Fisher-KPP equation (i.e. the first equation of the above system with γ (v) = 1). The main novel idea in the analysis of this paper is the construction of super- and sub-solutions with spatially inhomogeneous (i.e. non-constant) decay rates, in contrast to the constant decay rates used in the literature for reaction-diffusion equations, which was developed to cope with the difficulty caused by the density-dependent nonlinear diffusion in the system. We further discuss the selection of wave patterns and wave speeds for given initial value and use numerical simulations to illustrate that both monotone and non-monotone traveling wavefronts exist depending on whether the motility function γ (v) changes its convexity at v = a / b. Two-dimensional simulations demonstrate that the system can generate outward expanding ring (strip) pattern as observed in the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Photocatalysis utilizing solar energy is a promising strategy for mitigating energy crisis and environmental pollution. Exploring a cost-effective, stable, eco-friendly, and efficient photocatalytic system is extremely urgent. Herein, copper encapsulated within nitrogen-doped carbon nanosphere (Cu@N C) possessing a unique core-shell structure with high catalytic activity was prepared by ion-exchange and pyrolysis using resin as support. The protective carbon shell can prevent the leaching of metal ions and deactivation of the catalyst. Benefiting from the special structure, Cu@N C exhibited excellent activity and durability toward the degradation of tetracycline by the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance analyses were applied to elucidate the main reactive species. This work highlights the great potential of Cu@N C core-shell nanosphere as photocatalyst, which provides a new opportunity for the remediation of environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) remains a significant problem in developing countries and plays a critical role in the onset and progression of respiratory illnesses. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in many pathophysiological processes,but their relationship to PM 2.5 pollution is largely unexplored. To elucidate the functional role of hsa_circ_0000992 in PM 2.5 -induced inflammation in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) and to clarify whether the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism is involved in the interrelationships between hsa_circ_0000992 and hsa-miR-936 and the inflammatory signaling pathways. Detection of inflammatory factors in 16HBE cells exposed to PM 2.5 by RT-qPCR and ELISA.High throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis methods were used to screen circRNA.The bioinformatics analysis method western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter gene system were used to verify mechanisms associated with circRNA. PM 2.5 cause inflammation in the 16HBE cells. High throughput sequencing and RT-qPCR result revealed that the expression of hsa_circ_0000992 was markedly up-regulated in 16HBE exposed to PM 2.5. The binding sites between hsa_circ_0000992 and hsa-miR-936 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene system.Western blotting and RT-qPCR showed that hsa_circ_0000992 can interact with hsa-miR-936 to regulate AKT serine/threonine kinase 3(AKT3),thereby activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and ultimately promoting the expression of interleukin (IL)− 1β and IL-8. PM 2.5 can induce the inflammatory response in 16HBE cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. The expression of hsa_circ_0000992 increased when PM 2.5 stimulated 16HBE cells,and the circRNA could then regulate the inflammatory response.Hsa_circ_0000992 regulates the hsa-miR-936/AKT3 axis through the ceRNA mechanism,thereby activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,increasing the expression of cellular inflammatory factors,and promoting PM 2.5 -induced respiratory inflammation. • PM 2.5 exposure could induce the alteration of circRNA expression profiles. • Hsa-circ_0000992 was upregulated expression and could play a proinflammatory role in the process of inflammation. • Hsa-circ_0000992 through a ceRNA mechanism regulates the hsa-miR-936/AKT3 axis modulate the PM 2.5 -driven inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Narrow-bandwidth picosecond DSR pulses are numerically demonstrated in an all-anomalous dispersion fiber laser with narrow-band spectral filter. • The DSR pulse is characterized by a peak-centered temporal profile and a two-peak spectrum. • For the first time the periodic evolution of DSR pulses is observed by adjusting the filter bandwidth or net-cavity dispersion. • Multi-pulse DS and NLP are also obtained. First, it is numerically demonstrated that narrow-bandwidth picosecond dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses can be obtained in the all-anomalous-dispersion Er/Yb co-doped fiber (EYDF) laser, which is based on the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) mode-locking and narrow-band spectral filtering. The generated DSR pulses are characterized by a central peak on top of a rectangular pedestal temporally and two high-intensity spectral sidebands with less than 0.6-nm bandwidth. Second, the impacts of several key cavity parameters on characteristics of DSR pulses are investigated. Particularly, a new phenomenon of periodic evolution of the DSR pulse, featuring alternated high and low peak powers with the round-trips, is discovered by tuning filter bandwidth or net-cavity dispersion. Multi-pulse dissipative soliton (DS) and noise-like pulse (NLP) are also observed in the fiber laser. Finally, a 22.3-ps DSR pulse with 287.5-W peak power can be further compressed to 4.3 ps with 1126.5-W peak power by the dispersion compensation. This work further enriches the DSR pulse dynamics in the anomalous-dispersion region and paves a way to realize narrow-bandwidth picosecond DSR pulse fiber lasers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can cause irreversible injury in visual function. Clarifying the mechanism of RGC degeneration is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators in many biological and pathological processes. Herein, we performed circRNA microarrays to identify dysregulated circRNAs following optic nerve crush (ONC). The results showed that 221 circRNAs were differentially expressed between ONC retinas and normal retinas. Notably, the levels of circular RNA-Dcaf6 (cDcaf6) expression in aqueous humor of glaucoma patients were higher than that in cataract patients. cDcaf6 silencing could reduce oxidative stress-induced RGC apoptosis in vitro and alleviate retinal neurodegeneration in vivo as shown by increased neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN, neuronal bodies) and beta-III-tubulin (TUBB3, neuronal filaments) staining and reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, activated glial cells) and vimentin (activated glial cells) staining. Collectively, this study identifies a promising target for treating retinal neurodegeneration. • 221 circRNAs were dysregulated in ONC retinas. • cDcaf6 expression is up-regulated in aqueous humor of glaucoma patients. • cDcaf6 silencing alleviates RGC degeneration and retinal reactive gliosis. • cDcaf6 silencing alleviates retinal dysfunction following ONC injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), as a common endocrine disrupting chemicals, can induce toxicity to reproductive system. However, the mechanism remains to be explored. In our study, DEHP exposure induced testicular injury in rats. The high throughput transcriptional sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the treatment and control groups. KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched in apoptosis, PPARα, and ER stress pathway. DEHP up-regulated the expression of PPARα, Bax, Bim, caspase-4. GRP78, PERK, p-PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP. This view has also been confirmed in TM3 and TM4 cells. In vitro, after pre-treatment with GW6471 (an inhibitor of PPARα) or GSK (an inhibitor of PERK), the apoptosis was inhibited and mitochondrial dysfunction was improved. Moreover, the improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction decreased the expression of PERK pathway by using SS-31(a protective agent for mitochondrial function). Interestingly, ER stress promoted the accumulation of ROS by ERO1L (the downstream of CHOP during ER stress), and the ROS further aggravated the ER stress, thus forming a feedback loop during the apoptosis. In this process, a vicious cycle consisting of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, ERO1L, ROS was involved. Taken together, our results suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress-ROS feedback loop caused by PPARα activation played a crucial role in DEHP-induced apoptosis. This work provides insight into the mechanism of DEHP-induced reproductive toxicity. [Display omitted] • DEHP induced apoptosis in rat testis. • MEHP induced apoptosis in TM3 and TM4 cells. • PPARα was activated to induce mitochondrial dysfunction through CPT1A pathway. • Apoptosis was via PPARα regulated mitochondrial disorder and ER stress interaction. • the ER stress-ROS feedback loop was discovered during apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inundation process of floodplain wetlands plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of river ecosystems, which are highly sensitive to hydrological alteration. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms through which these hydrological changes affect the inundation patterns of floodplain wetlands are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact mechanism of cascade hydropower development on the inundation process of floodplain wetlands. Multitemporal remote sensing datasets and long-term hydrometeorological data series were utilized in this study. By employing the water appearance frequency (WAF) index, wetland hydrological stability assessment, and wavelet analysis, the inundation changes in floodplain wetlands and the underlying hydrological driving mechanisms were examined. The results revealed significant alterations in the inundation frequency of floodplain wetlands due to the construction of upstream dams. Specifically, the construction of the Danjiangkou and Wangfuzhou dams led to an increase in the total inundated area of Part A (16.09 km2) and Part B (76.93 km2), respectively. Conversely, the moderate frequency inundation zone in Part C decreased (26.7 km2) after the construction of the Cuijiaying Dam. The typical floodplain wetland 7 shifted from high to low (8.94 km2) stability after the construction of the Cuijiaying Dam. Furthermore, the cascade hydropower dam construction resulted in increased fluctuations in downstream water discharge. This study provides an effective approach to understanding the impact of cascade hydropower dams on the inundation process of floodplain wetlands. [Display omitted] • Downstream dams significantly reduced the inundation frequency in floodplain wetlands. • The impact of damming on pixel stability varied across different floodplain wetlands. • Downstream water discharge exhibited greater fluctuation after cascade hydropower dam construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoplastics (NPs) and Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a severe threat to the planet and is a growing concern. However, their effects on male reproductive toxicity remain poorly understood. In this study, a series of morphological analyses were completed to explore the influence of NPs and MPs exposure on the testis in mice. After 12-weeks exposure, although both NPs and MPs exposure can lead to reproductive toxicity, compared with NPs exposure, exposure to MPs leads to a more significant increase in reproductive toxicity dependent on some particle size. Moreover, increased reproductive toxicities, including increased spermatogenesis disorders, and sperm physiological abnormality, oxidative stress, testis inflammation was more associated with MPs group than NPs group. Ultra-pathological structure observed by transmission electron microscopy indicated that both NPs and MPs have different effects on spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. Exposure to MPs resulted in decreased Sertoli cell numbers and reduced Leydig cell area, and showed no effects on differentiation of Leydig cells by the expression level of the Insulin-Like factor 3 (INSL3) in Leydig cells. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis provided valuable insights into the differential effects of NPs and MPs on cellular processes. Specifically, our findings demonstrated that NPs were predominantly involved in the regulation of steroid biosynthesis, whereas MPs primarily influenced amino acid metabolism. This study demonstrates the effect of adult-stage reproductive toxicity in mice after exposure to NPs and MPs, which will deep the understanding of the NPs and MPs induced toxicity. [Display omitted] • MPs had stronger reproductive toxicities than NPs in male mice. • Exposure to NPs and MPs causes testis damage. • Exposure to MPs resulted in decreased numbers and damage of Sertoli cells. • Exposure to MPs led to reduced area of Leydig cells and showed no effects on differentiation of Leydig cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conjugated steroid estrogens (CSEs), including estrone sulfate sodium (E1-3 S) and 17β-estradiol-3-O-sulfate sodium (E2-3 S), exhibit distinct metabolic behaviors in the aqueous and soil environments. However, their assimilation behaviors and metabolite formations in plant bodies (shoots and roots) remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study used a modified plant hydroponic system to explore the efficiency with which wheat (Triticum acstivnm L.) assimilated the two estrogen conjugates, E1-3 S and E2-3 S. Results indicated the potential of wheat to absorb E1-3 S and E2-3 S, with their assimilation in the root being significantly higher (104–105 ng/g dw) than in the shoot (103–104 ng/g dw). E1-3 S de-sulfated and transformed to estrone (E1) at a rate of 4%–45% in the root's oxidative environment, whereas E2-3 S converted to E1-3 S at 210%–570%. However, the root-to-shoot transfer was impeded by a less potent metabolic activity within the shoot system. The co-exposure treatment revealed that E1 or 17β-estradiol (E2) affects the assimilation of E1-3 S and E2-3 S by wheat, with E1 inhibiting E1-3 S assimilation and E2 promoting E2-3 S assimilation in wheat bodies. Nonetheless, free-form steroid estrogens (FSEs), which typically have a significant hormone action, can oxidative-damage the wheat tissues, producing a progressive wilting of wheat leaf and so limiting the transpiration process. Co-exposure initially increased the assimilation amounts of E1-3 S (particularly in shoots) and E2-3 S (in both roots and shoots), but these values rapidly declined as exposure duration increased. The combined effects of E1-3 S and E2-3 S exposure also increased their assimilation. These findings suggest the need for further investigation into the cumulative impact of environmental estrogen contaminants. The findings of present study can potentially guide the development of strategies to prevent and manage steroid estrogen contamination in agricultural contexts. [Display omitted] • Conjugated steroid estrogen accumulations were higher in roots than in shoots. • E2 and E2-3 S were oxidized in roots and metabolically generated E1 and E1-3 S. • E1-3 S and E2-3 S remove sulfate and generate E1 and E2 in root and shoot. • Co-exposure intensely affect the SE assimilation by wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) is one of the typical organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and has been widely detected in environmental media. Exposure to EHDPP during pregnancy affects placental development and fetal growth. Liver X receptor α (LXRα) is essential to placental development. However, finite information is available regarding the function of LXRα in placenta damages caused by EHDPP. In present study we investigated to figure out whether LXRα is playing roles in EHDPP-induced placenta toxicity. While EHDPP restrained cell viability, migration, and angiogenesis dose-dependently in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells, overexpression or activation by agonist T0901317 of LXRα alleviated the above phenomenon, knockdown or inhibition by antagonist GSK2033 had the opposite effects in vitro. Further study indicated EHDPP decreased LXRα expression and transcriptional activity leading to mRNA, protein expression levels downregulation of viability, migration, angiogenesis-related genes Forkhead box M1 (Foxm1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-a) and upregulation of inflammatory genes interleukin-6 (Il-6), interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, EHDPP caused decreased placental volume and fetal weight in mice, treatment with LXRα agonist T0901317 restored these adverse effects. Taken together, our study unveiled EHDPP-induced placenta toxicity and the protective role of LXRα in combating EHDPP-induced placental dysfunction. Activating LXRα could serve as a therapeutic strategy to reverse EHDPP-induced placental toxicity. [Display omitted] • 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) has placental toxicity in vivo and causes decreased placental volume and fetal weight. • EHDPP restrains cell viability, migration, and angiogenesis dose-dependently in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. • EHDPP decreases LXRα expression and transcriptional activity, downregulating viability, migration, angiogenesis and upregulating inflammation. • LXRα is a protector against EHDPP induced placental toxicity, activation of LXRα rescues EHDPP induced placental toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding effective methods for simultaneous removal of eutrophic nutrients and heavy metals has attracted increasing concerns for the environmental remediation. Herein, a novel auto-aggregating aerobic denitrifying strain (Aeromonas veronii YL-41) was isolated with capacities for copper tolerance and biosorption. The denitrification efficiency and nitrogen removal pathway of the strain were investigated by nitrogen balance analysis and amplification of key denitrification functional genes. Moreover, the changes in the auto-aggregation properties of the strain caused by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production were focused on. The biosorption capacity and mechanisms of copper tolerance during denitrification were further explored by measuring changes in copper tolerance and adsorption indices, as well as by variations in extracellular functional groups. The strain showed extremely strong total nitrogen removal ability, with 67.5%, 82.08% and 78.48% of total nitrogen removal when NH 4 +-N, NO 2 −-N, and NO 3 −-N were used as the only initial nitrogen source, respectively. The successful amplification of napA , nirK , norR , and nosZ genes further demonstrated that the strain accomplished nitrate removal through a complete aerobic denitrification pathway. The production of protein-rich EPS of up to 23.31 mg/g and an auto-aggregation index of up to 76.42% may confer a strong biofilm-forming potential to the strain. Under the stress of 20 mg/L copper ions, the removal of nitrate-nitrogen was still as high as 71.4%. In addition, the strain could achieve an efficient removal of 96.9% of copper ions at an initial concentration of 80 mg/L. Scanning electron microscopy and deconvolution analysis of characteristic peaks confirmed that the strains encapsulate heavy metals by secreting EPS and, meanwhile, form strong hydrogen bonding structures to enhance intermolecular forces to resist copper ion stress. This study provides an innovative and effective biological approach for the synergistic bioaugmentation removal of eutrophic substances and heavy metals from aquatic environments. [Display omitted] • A novel aerobic denitrifier, YL-41, with auto-aggregation trait was isolated. • Strain YL-41 had high efficiency of inorganic nitrogen removal capacity. • Strain YL-41 showed tolerance and removal characteristics to high concentrations of copper ions. • Extracellularly rich functional groups confer an advantage to the strain for heavy metal removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigated the effect of treatment of soy protein isolate (SPI) with basic amino acids (BAA) (l -Arginine, l -Histidine, and l -Lysine) at different concentrations prior to spray drying on the beany-flavor and functional properties. The results illustrated that the BAA prominently improved the solubility and emulsifying properties of SPI, and reduced the its release of beany-flavor compounds. Additionally, l -Arginine was more effective in increasing the solubility and emulsifying properties of the SPI than l -Histidine and l -Lysine. Notably, 0.3% l -Arginine improved the solubility, emulsifying activity index, emulsifying stability index of the SPI by 43.5%, 64.2% and 45.3% respectively. Through the headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), the 0.3% BAA showed the better mitigation effect on the beany flavor of SPI among three addition concentrations. The increased ζ-potential showed that BAA enhanced the electrostatic repulsion of the SPI, facilitating its dissolution and formation of a more stable emulsion system. Surface hydrophobicity and fluorescence spectral results revealed that BAA enhance the exposure of hydrophobic groups, enhancing the stability of oil-water interface and promoting the interaction between beany-flavor compounds and SPI. These findings lay the theoretical groundwork for further research and application of soy protein. [Display omitted] • Basic amino acids (BAA) increased the solubility of soy protein isolate (SPI). • BAA enhanced the emulsion activity/stability index of SPI. • BAA diminished the release intensity of beany flavor from SPI. • BAA improved the absolute value of potential and surface hydrophobicity of SPI. • BAA reduced the free sulfhydryl groups of SPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a non-protein-based method for quantify cow milk in adulterated goat milk. The raw cow milk and raw goat milk samples were mixed separately with the same volume of cold acetone and centrifuged to remove their proteins. The supernatants were evaporated, and the residues were derivatized by silylation followed by GC-MS analysis. N-acetylglucosamine was identified as a thermostable non-protein biomarker of cow milk. Its concentration in the raw cow milk (146.7 mg/L) was 32 times higher than that in the raw goat milk. On this basis, a HPLC-MS/MS method using positive-ion electrospray ionization in parallel reaction monitoring mode was developed for quantifying cow milk in adulterated goat milk by determining peak area of the biomarker. The method showed good linearity over cow milk concentrations of 1–100% and could detect as low as 0.3% cow milk in adulterated goat milk. Besides, the method was characterized by a simple sample pretreatment process, rapid detection, high accuracy, and high precision. With this method, a sample could be analyzed in 10 min. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of quantifying cow milk in adulterated goat milk using N-acetylglucosamine as a biomarker of cow milk. • A non-protein biomarker of cow milk have been identified as N-acetylglucosamine. • Cow milk contains 32 times more N-acetylglucosamine than goat milk. • Despite heat treatment, N-acetylglucosamine levels in cow milk remain unchanged. • An HPLC-MS/MS method was established to quantify cow milk in adulterated goat milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the change of clock gene rhythm under renal denervation (RDN) and its effect on renal function and oxidative stress during renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups at daytime 7 A M (zeitgeber time [ZT] 0) or at nighttime 7 P M (ZT12) in respectively: Sham (S) group, RDN group, IR group and RDN + IR (DIR) group. Renal pathological and functional changes were assessed by H&E staining, and serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels. Renal oxidative stress was detected by SOD and MDA levels, and renal inflammation was measured by IL-6, IL-17 A F and TNF-ɑ levels. BMAL1, CLOCK, Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein expressions were tested by qPCR and Western Blot. Compared with S groups, the rhythm of BMAL1, CLOCK and Nrf2 genes in the kidney were disordered in RDN groups, while renal pathological and functional indexes did not change significantly. Compared with IR groups, renal pathological and functional indexes were significantly higher in the DIR groups, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in renal tissues. The nocturnal IR injury in the RDN kidney was the worst while the BMAL1, Nrf2 and HO-1 expressions were the highest. In DIR groups, renal injury was aggravated after the Brusatol treatment, but there was no significant improvement after the t -BHQ treatment at night, which might be consistent with the changes of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions. RDN lead to the disruption of BMAL1-mediated Nrf2 rhythm accumulation in the kidney, which reduced the renal ability to resist oxidative stress and inflammation, due to the impaired effect of activating Nrf2/ARE pathway in renal IR injury at nighttime. [Display omitted] • RDN disordered circadian rhythm of clock genes and Nrf2 in the kidney. • The disruption of Nrf2 rhythm accumulation reduced the ability to resist oxidative stress. • RDN aggravated renal oxidative stress injury following nocturnal IR. • The nocturnal IR injury couldn't be attenuated by t -BHQ in the kidney following RDN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals and pesticides represent prominent sources of pollution in the natural habitat of Apis cerana cerana , potentially endangering their health through the induction of oxidative stress reactions. This study aimed to address this issue by isolating AccCDK2-like and AccCINP-like proteins from Apis cerana cerana and investigating their functional roles in honey bee resistance against pesticide and heavy metal stresses. Bioinformatics analysis revealed significant homology of these proteins with those found in other species. Functional studies confirmed their participation in interaction with each other, alongside demonstrating distinct patterns of expression and localization. Specifically, AccCDK2-like exhibited higher expression levels in prepupae and muscle tissues, while AccCINP-like showed maximal expression in brown pupae and abdomen. Furthermore, the expression levels of these proteins were found to be modulated in response to pesticide and heavy metal stresses. Notably, overexpression of AccCDK2-like and AccCINP-like led to a noticeable alteration in E. coli 's ability to withstand external stresses. Additionally, silencing of the AccCDK2-like and AccCINP-like genes resulted in a significant reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity and the expression levels of genes related to antioxidant function. Consequently, the mortality rate of Apis cerana cerana under pesticide and heavy metal stresses conspicuously increased. Hence, our findings suggest that AccCDK2-like and AccCINP-like proteins potentially play a crucial role in the response of Apis cerana ceran a to pesticide and heavy metal stress, likely by modulating the antioxidant pathway. [Display omitted] • CDK2-like and CINP-like are involved in Apis cerana pesticide resistance. • CDK2-like and CINP-like are involved in Apis cerana heavy metal resistance. • CDK2-like and CINP-like take part in the Apis cerana 's oxidative stress response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks are widely used in sports training, medical and health care, smart home, environmental monitoring, cloud data and other fields because of their large scale, self-organization, reliability, dynamic, integration and data centralization. Based on this point, this article conducts a comprehensive analysis and research on cloud computing data systems, and designs and implements a dynamic replication strategy. Since different users have different demands for different data at different times, it is necessary to record and analyze recent users' data access, so as to actively adjust the number and location of data blocks. Subsequently, a multi-source blockchain transmission method was proposed and implemented, which can significantly reduce the time cost of data migration and improve the overall performance of cloud storage data systems. Finally, the article provides an in-depth analysis of long-distance running fatigue. This study will design a simulated specialized exercise load experiment to reproduce the load characteristics of excellent athletes during mid to long distance running, in order to induce exercise fatigue in the main muscles of different parts of their bodies. At the same time, the amplitude frequency joint analysis of the surface changes of EMG signal in this process is carried out. This article conducts research on sensor based cloud computing data systems and long-distance running fatigue assessment, promoting the development of cloud computing data systems and improving long-distance running fatigue assessment methods. • Conducts a comprehensive analysis and research on cloud computing data systems. • Designs and implements a dynamic replication strategy. • A multi-source blockchain transmission method was proposed and implemented. • Designs a simulated professional exercise load experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aimed to investigate the relationship between physicochemical properties, flavor, and microorganisms during the natural fermentation of Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro bamboo shoots. The pH dramatically decreased within 7 days and then stabilized at about 3.6. The total titratable acidity (TTA) values increased for 35 days, then decreased and stabilized at 24.34 g/L. Malic acid, lactic acid, and tartaric acid were the main organic acids (OAs) in sour bamboo shoots. Umami amino acids were the most important amino acids (AAs). The key volatiles (phenols, alcohols, and aldehydes) contributed most to the formation of the flavor of sour bamboo shoots. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota were the main phyla in sour bamboo shoots. At the genus level, Lactobacillus , Weissella , and Lactococcus were the main genera in sour bamboo shoots. Pearson correlation analysis showed that Firmicutes were significantly positively correlated with fumaric acid and negatively correlated with heptanal. The characteristic flavor (p -cresol) of sour bamboo shoots was negatively correlated with Cyanobacteria and Leuconostoc and positively with Lactobacillus. This study provided a theoretical basis for revealing the flavor formation mechanisms related to microbial composition in sour bamboo shoots and the screening of functional strains. [Display omitted] • p -Cresol contributed the most to the flavor of sour bamboo shoots. • Weissella was positively correlated with umami amino acids (Glu and Asp). • Lactobacillus and Weissella were the main microbial genera in sour bamboo shoots. • Cyanobacteria was significantly negatively correlated with p -cresol. • Lactobacillus was positively correlated with p -cresol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel DyIII-based metal-organic framework, namely [(H 3 O)Dy(BTDB) 2 (DMF)(H 2 O)] n (JXUST-24 , H 2 BTDB ​= ​4,4′-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)dibenzoic acid), was prepared and structurally characterized. Single-crystal structure determination reveals that JXUST-24 is a one-dimensional chain-based complex. JXUST-24 is a excellent luminescent sensor to identify acetylacetone (acac) by the fluorescence enhancement and blue-shift effect with the detection limit of 14.7 ​ppm, and salicylaldehyde (SA) by the fluorescence quenching effect with the detection limit of 17.9 ​ppm, respectively. The sensing process is mainly attributed to the formation of exciplex and charge transfer for acac and photoinduced electron transfer and competitive absorption mechanism for SA. Importantly, JXUST-24 can be reused after five cycles, indicating the good cyclic performance. A novel DyIII-MOF (JXUST-24) was prepared and structurally characterized. JXUST-24 is a good multifunctional chemosensor for the detection of acetylacetone by fluorescence enhancement and blue-shift effect, and salicylaldehyde by fluorescence quenching effect, with detection limits of 14.7 and 17.9 ​ppm, respectively. [Display omitted] • The multi-responsive luminescent sensor. JXUST-24 is a good multifunctional sensor for the detection of acetylacetone (acac) and salicylaldehyde (SA). • The excellent recycling capacity. JXUST-24 exhibits excellent recyclability toward the analytes which can be cycled at least five times. • The packing of JXUST-24 has an open supramolecular structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweet sorghum is a high-yield crop with strong resistance, which has the potential to support the development of the forage farming industry in China where vast salt-affected lands are potentially arable. Nutrient management is imperative for sweet sorghum growing on salt-affected lands. Although nitrogen (N) synthetic fertilizers have long been recognized as a key factor for increasing crop yields, their effects on sweet sorghum cultivation are under debate. Consequently, this study integrated the current available observations of yield (n = 255) and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (NPFP, n = 242) of sweet sorghum in salt-affected lands, which included both inland (n = 189) and coastal (n = 66) areas. We quantitatively analyzed the effects of climatic, soil properties and management measures on biomass yield and NPFP of sweet sorghum, comparing the differences between inland and coastal salt-affected lands. We found that average biomass yield and NPFP of sweet sorghum in coastal areas were 19,082.48 ± 8262.75 kg/ha and 107.29 ± 51.44 kg/kg respectively, both significantly lower than that in inland areas (p < 0.05). The N application rate did not have significant promoting effect on the biomass yield of sweet sorghum in inland salt-affected areas (p > 0.05), whereas in coastal salt-affected areas, N application significantly increased the biomass yield of sweet sorghum. Increasing soil organic matter content could promote NPFP in inland areas. The recommended N application rate for inland salt-affected and coastal salt-affected areas were 100 kg/ha and 150 kg/ha respectively. The results indicate that it is crucial to apply nutrient management measures based on the local climatic and soil conditions, since the causes of salinity differ in coastal and inland salt-affected lands. More systematic field studies are required in the future to optimize the management of water and nutrients for sweet sorghum planting in salt-affected lands. • The dominant drivers for the growth of sweet sorghum differed in inland and coastal salt-affected regions in China. • N management is useful for sweet sorghum production in coastal salt-affected areas but it is less influential in inland salt-affected areas. • Low N application rate combined with organic materials application is recommended for sweet sorghum production in inland salt-affected areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a main public health issue as it remarkably adds the risk of cardiovascular disease, leading to a heavy burden of disease. There is growing evidence linking fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) exposure to MetS. However, the influences of PM 2.5 constituents, especially in children and adolescents, remain unclear. Our study was according to a national analysis among Chinese children and adolescents to examine the associations between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 main constituents and MetS. A total of 10,066 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years were recruited in 7 provinces in China, with blood tests, health exams, and questionnaire surveys. We estimated long-term exposures to PM 2.5 mass and its five constituents, containing black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), inorganic nitrate (NO 3 −), sulfate (SO 4 2−), and soil particles (SOIL) from multi-source data fusion models. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used with the adjustment of a variety of covariates. In the surveyed populations, 2.9% were classified as MetS. From the single-pollutant models, we discovered that long-term exposures to PM 2.5 mass, BC, OM, NO 3 −, as well as SO 4 2−, were significantly associated with the prevalence of MetS, with odds ratios (ORs) per 1 μg/m3 that were 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.03) for PM 2.5 mass, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.35) for BC, 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.11) for OM, 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) for NO 3 −, and 1.14 (95% CI:1.04, 1.24) for SO 4 2−. The influence of BC on the prevalence of MetS was robust in both the multi-pollutant model and the PM 2.5 -constituent joint model. The paper indicates long-term exposure to PM 2.5 mass and specific PM 2.5 constituents, particularly for BC, was significantly associated with a higher MetS prevalence among children and adolescents in China. Our results highlight the significance of establishing further regulations on PM 2.5 constituents. • 10,066 children and adolescents from 7 province with blood tests were involved. • Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 mass was significantly associated with the childhood MetS. • Black carbon exposure has a robust positive association with childhood MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Women with breast cancer (BC) are often combined with psychological disorder such as depression and anxiety. Depression is associated or correlated with increased toxicity and severity of physical symptoms. However, the mechanism of BC progression related to the regulation of emotion-related circuitry remains to be further explored. The study aims to investigate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway mechanism underlying stress-induced progression of BC. BC cell line 4T1 was subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c mice, and they then received daily chronic unpredictable mild stressors (CUMS) for 12 weeks. Depression-like behavior tests were conducted, including sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF). The levels of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and inflammatory factors, IL-6, CXCL1, IL-10 and IL-4 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of mouse serum. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect Ki67- or FOXP3-positive tumor cells. The status of IDO signaling pathway was assessed by immunoblotting analysis. CUMS induced depression-like behaviors, decreased the level of 5-HT, promoted tumor progression, enhanced the immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67, and promoted the activation of IDO signaling pathway in BC mice. The IDO signaling pathway was disrupted in mice by lentiviral transduction of shRAN-IDO. Lentivirus-mediated IDO knockdown attenuated CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors, increased the level of 5-HT, inhibited tumor progression, and reduced the immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 in BC mice. The present study suggests that disruption of IDO signaling pathway alleviates CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors and inhibits tumor progression in BC mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) induced competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) play crucial roles in various biological process by regulating target gene expression. However, the studies of ceRNA networks in the regulation of ovarian ovulation processing of chicken remains deficient compared to that in mammals. Our present study revealed that circEML1 was differential expressed in hen's ovarian tissues at different ages (15 W/20 W/30 W/68 W) and identified as a loop structure from EML1 pre-mRNA, which promoted the expressions of CYP19A1/StAR and E2/P4 secretion in follicular granulosa cells (GCs). Furthermore, circEML1 could serve as a sponge of gga-miR-449a and also found that IGF2BP3 was targeted by gga-miR-449a to co-participate in the steroidogenesis, which possibly act the regulatory role via mTOR/p38MAPK pathways. Meanwhile, in the rescue experiment, gga-miR-449a could reverse the promoting role of circEML1 to IGF2BP3 and steroidogenesis. Eventually, this study suggested that circEML1/gga-miR-449a/IGF2BP3 axis exerted an important role in the steroidogenesis in GCs of chicken. • Non-coding RNAs play a critical role to regulate reproductive system of chicken. • Steroid hormones directly influence ovulation mechanisms of chicken. • CircEML1/gga-miR-449a/IGF2BP3 axis regulated the steroidogenesis in GCs of chicken. • IGF2BP3 possibly acted the regulatory role on steroid synthesis via mTOR/p38MAPK pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research indicates that particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 µm in ambient air may induce lung cancer progression. Circular RNAs are a special kind of endogenous noncoding RNA, and their functions are reflected in various diseases and physiological processes, but there are still few studies related to PM 2.5 -induced lung cancer. Here, we identified that circCDR1as was upregulated in lung cancer cells stimulated with PM 2.5 and positively correlated with the malignant features of lung cancer. The lower expression of CircCDR1as reduced the adverse progression of lung cancer cells after PM 2.5 treatment; the lower expression of circCDR1as impaired the growth size and metastatic ability of lung cancer cells in mouse tumour models. Mechanistically, circCDR1as specifically bound to serine/arginine-rich splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) and affected the splicing of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) by SRSF1. Furthermore, circCDR1as affected SRSF1 function by regulating PARK2-mediated SRSF1 ubiquitination, protein production and degradation. CircCDR1as also affected C-myc and cyclin D1 expression by regulating SRSF1 and affecting the wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, ultimately promoting malignant behavior and inhibiting the apoptosis of lung cancer cells, thereby causing PM 2.5 -induced lung cancer development. [Display omitted] • CircCDR1as promotes PM 2.5 -induced lung cancer progression. • CircCDR1as binds to SRSF1 protein in PM 2.5 -exposed lung cancer cells. • CircCDR1as and SRSF1 regulate VEGFA mRNA splicing. • CircCDR1as may be a new target for the diagnosis of PM 2.5 -induced lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]