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In this paper, the issue of event-triggered optimal fault-tolerant control is investigated for input-constrained nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances. To eliminate the effect of abrupt faults and ensure the optimal performance of general nonlinear dynamics, an adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is employed to develop a sliding mode fault-tolerant control strategy. When the system trajectories converge to the sliding-mode surface, the equivalent sliding mode dynamics is transformed into a reformulated auxiliary system with a modified cost function. Then, a single critic neural network (NN) is adopted to solve the modified Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. In order to overcome the difficulty that arises from the persistence of excitation (PE) condition, the experience replay technique is utilized to update the critic weights. In this study, a novel control method is proposed, which can effectively eliminate the effects of abrupt faults while achieving optimal control with the minimum cost under a single network architecture. Furthermore, the closed-loop nonlinear system is proved to be uniformly ultimate boundedness based on Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, three examples are presented to verify the validity of the control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]