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The Paper focuses on the Zionist Organizations founded in Mandatory Palestine. They presented ideas about age, gender, and Zionism which opposed Zionist perceptions that became dominant throughout the Yishuv on the eve of World War II. The organizations challenged dominant perceptions on masculinity, and by internalizing the category of age-related identity, the seniors sought to promote broader acceptance of forms of masculinity using their newspaper as a platform. The organizations of the senior Zionists were characterized by a male subculture of aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating space methodology and combining it with gender studies, this article looks at how German-Jewish men, in a space-specific environment, prewar Nazi concentration camps, came to adjust their understandings and practices of masculinity. The paper argues that performing pre-learned forms of military masculinity inside the camps vis-à-vis Nazi personnel, while simultaneously maintaining conventional gender norms in their letter exchanges to their families and spouses in the outside world, were of fundamental importance. Jewish men's ability to adjust their practice of masculinity represented a defiant attempt of survival and control over their lives under an increasingly oppressive regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa has taken centre stage in most accounts of the synergistic potential of law and politics: it is seen to be a case which demonstrates that human rights can be made real, with the favourable combination of institutional and political conditions. Among these conditions, from a feminist perspective, are the inclusion of equality and socio-economic rights in the Constitution, high levels of representation of women in parliament and the bureaucracy, and a strong and free civil society. The country is often invoked, in comparative social science, as an example of a democratic and relatively peaceful transition from authoritarianism, in which the breakdown of institutions was avoided; rather, it is seen as an example of successful institutional redirection from supporting an authoritarian state to advancing a democratic project. However, the Constitution is coming under increasing attack. It is not only conservative forces that seek to undermine rights in the name of culture, or wealthy elites concerned about defending their rights to property through rule of law and opposing high taxation, that are critical. It is also challenged by radical voices that aim at creating a society free of oppression. For the latter actors, the Constitution is less a tool of change and more an example of coloniality, or the imposition of a Western discourse on Africa. These arguments about decolonising political projects require more careful engagement, as the project of decoloniality is one that is in many respects allied to the project of feminism, whose own history required the disabling of the invisibilised male norm on which much legal and political theory was founded. This paper addresses the decolonial critique by showing the radical roots of the equality clause in a century-long history of struggles by black women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]