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Purpose: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting urban economic development in emerging economic market countries and to provide a new research perspective on urban skyscraper construction. Design/methodology/approach: An empirical analysis based on a difference-in-differences (DID) model is conducted using data of urban data in China that expand into developed markets from 2003 to 2018. Findings: The results of the spatial heterogeneity test indicate that the construction of skyscrapers has a significant promotional effect on the eastern city's economy. In contrast, it has a significant inhibitory effect in the central and western regions. Further findings demonstrate that the construction of skyscrapers can influence urban economic development by promoting industrial agglomeration, especially when the transmission effect of the diversified accumulation of tertiary industry is more prominent. The expansion analysis shows that skyscrapers have increased the level of trade in the city, and the impact on trade has an optimal height. Research limitations/implications: This paper focuses on the economic and trade effects of skyscrapers, and the optimal height of skyscrapers needs to be discussed in more depth, which is also the next problem the researchers need to study. Practical implications: The government should attach importance to and promote the construction of urban skyscrapers, and do a good job in overall planning and design. The city should formulate preferential policies in land, taxation, finance, system and other aspects to increase support for urban skyscraper construction and promote local economic development. Originality/value: This study focuses on the impact of urban skyscraper construction on the economic and trade development of cities in developing countries, which not only complements the relevant research on the economic effects of urban skyscraper construction, but also helps to provide reference for the sustainable development of urbanization in many developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Venture capital market is one of the most important financial markets, which plays an important role in promoting industrial innovation and economic development. In this study, the complete data set of all venture capital events occurred in China from 2009 to 2020 was used to construct two kinds of complex networks, whose topological property and dynamic evolution trend of the network are studied. Specifically, we construct the co-investment network among investor, as well as the binary complex network of investor-entrepreneur, and propose the evaluation method of the importance and performance of venture capital institutions. Based on the proposed method, we identify some leading venture capital institutions with high performance and importance. Furthermore, this paper enlightens venture capital practitioners by discovering the investment behavior and preference of these leading institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving high-quality economic development under the new development pattern has become an inevitable requirement for China’s economic development. Correctly calculating the value of water resources and optimizing the price mechanism of water resources is one of the important guarantees for promoting the high-quality development of the regional economy. Based on this fact, this paper takes Hubei Province as an example to construct a coupling relationship model between water resources and economic high-quality development and to evaluate the coupling coordination between the two. And then, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is used to evaluate the value of water resources in Hubei Province, and recalculate its water price. The results show that Hubei province now is a lagging development of water resources, and the current water price is far lower than assessed. The government should improve the mechanism of water price which should be driven by innovation to adjust the water use structure, finally achieve high-quality economic development of Hubei Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: High-tech industries play an important role in promoting economic and social development. The purpose of this paper is to accurately predict and analyze the output value of high-tech products in Guangdong Province, China, by using a multivariable grey model. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the principle of fractional order accumulation, this study proposes a multivariable grey prediction model. To further enhance the prediction ability and accuracy of the model, an optimized model is established by reconstructing the background value. The optimal parameters are solved by minimizing the average relative error of the system characteristic sequence with the constraint of parameter relationships. Findings: The results from the study show that the two proposed models exhibit better simulation and prediction performance than the traditional models, while the optimized model can significantly improve the modelling precision. In addition, it is predicted that the output value of high-tech products is 12,269.443bn yuan in 2021, which will approximately double from 2016 to 2021. Research limitations/implications: The two proposed models can be used to forecast the trend of the system and are grown as an effective extension and supplement of the traditional multivariable grey forecasting models. Practical implications: The forecast and analysis of the development prospects of high-tech industries would be useful for the government departments of Guangdong Province and professional forecasters to grasp the future of high-tech industries and formulate decision planning. Originality/value: A new multivariable grey prediction model based on fractional order accumulation and its optimized model obtained by reconstructing the background value, which can improve the modelling accuracy of the traditional model, is proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role that private sector businesses play in economic development in China, comparing it with the impact of state capitalism on China's economic conditions. An overview of Chinese industrial state-owned enterprises (SOEs), including their contribution to China's gross domestic product (GDP), is provided.

The article highlights the first-ever White Paper issued by China on April 21, 2011, titled "China's Foreign Aid." It provided an overall picture of the country's foreign aid activities over the past decades. The White Paper was issued by the Information Office of the State Council and it introduced China's foreign aid policy and the financial resources that the aid has drawn upon in the past. The author lists the eight forms on how China offers foreign aid such as complete projects, goods and materials and technical cooperation.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build a support vector machine (SVM) model to evaluate the city air quality level, using the three main air pollutants selected as evaluation index. Design/methodology/approach – PM10, SO2, NO2 are the most important three air pollutants and their concentration data are selected as the influencing factor. And the SVM model is build and used to evaluate the air quality level of 29 major cities in China 2011. The cross-validation is adopted to select optimal penalty parameters and optimal kernel function, and the classification accuracies achieved under different normalization methods and kernel functions are compared in the end. Findings – The study found, the parameters and kernel functions chosen by the SVM model have influence on the model's prediction accuracy. Through continuous optimization of model parameters, finally it is found that the model performs better with [0, 1] normalization method and RBF kernel function. It proves that SVM classification model is effective in dealing with the problem of city air quality evaluation. Practical implications – The result of this study shows that the SVM classification model can be well applied to predict the city air quality level by using air pollutants concentration data as evaluation index. It can help the government and relevant department issue corresponding environmental policy and environmental protection measures. Originality/value – The qualitative and quantitative study method are combined in this paper, on the basis of predecessors’ research results, as well as careful analysis to select evaluation index. The SVM classification model build is simulated by using Matlab technique, beyond comparing the accuracy, its outcomes and its efficiency in classification are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the release of the White Paper periodical in Shanghai, China. Publication of the business performance of the retail firms in the area; Aims of the publisher to provide information about economic development; Number of distributors.

Purpose – This paper aims to estimate the values of environmental efficiency of each province in China. Subsequently, it analyzes the changes of total factor productivity (TFP) before and after taking the environmental factors into account. Finally, the paper measures the effect of the components of environmental TFP on the convergence of economic growth. Design/methodology/approach – The environmental control variables are taken as output variables and combined with a traditional data envelopment analysis model to build an environmental TFP Index. The growth of environmental TFP is compared among regions and the differences are analyzed. Furthermore, the decomposed components (advances in environmental technology and environmental technical efficiency) are used for regression analysis with labor productivity. Findings – The environmental efficiency of most provinces in China has improved although some regions' efficiency remains low in Northeastern China. The value of environmental TFP is higher and more fluctuant during the period of 1997-2009 than that of traditional TFP. Technical efficiency has a convergence effect on economic growth of regions/provinces, but, after adding environmental factors, it turns into a divergence effect. Research limitations/implications – Because of data limitations, this paper does not consider the impacts of human capital and other factors on in the convergence analysis on economic. Neither does it consider the use of panel data to analyze the convergence of economic growth and validate the conclusions. These are potential further research directions. Practical implications – The study confirms that improvements in environmental technologies play a dominant role in enhancing China's environmental TFP. Furthermore, it demonstrates that China's economic growth largely depends on technological progress. This finding, that China's economic growth depends on advances in environmental technology, implies that China should strive to improve its capacity for technological innovation. Originality/value – The paper measures the value of environmental efficiency in the China's provinces and analyzes the relationship between pollution and economic development in each province. Panel data are used to compare the difference among environmental TFP, environmental factors and traditional TFP. The convergence of economic growth is analyzed in respect of environmental control variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we assume that under the balanced and optimal economic growth path, the economic growth rate is equal to the consumption growth rate, from which we can obtain the ordinary differential equation governing the consumption level by solving an optimal control problem. Then, a novel numerical method, namely a so-called discontinuous Galerkin method, is applied to solve the ordinary differential equation. The error estimation and the superconvergence estimation of this method are also performed. The model’s mechanism, which makes our assumption coherent, is that once the energy intensity is given, the economic growth is determined, followed by the GDP, the energy demand and the emissions. By applying this model to China, we obtain the conclusion that under the balanced and optimal economic growth path the CO 2 emission will reach its peak in 2030 in China, which is consistent with the U.S.-China Joint Announcement on Climate Change and with other previous scientific results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – For solving the dilemma between the cognitive cost and value of the uncertainty and negative feedback loop formed by them in the knowledge transfer process, the purpose of this paper is to attempt to construct a new web-based knowledge flow model to find an alternative diffusion path which had become the inevitable choice in achieving Industry-University collaboration. Design/methodology/approach – In view of this, based on the statistical data compilation of the Universities of Science and Technology of China from 2002 to 2008, the visual diagrams, econometric model and grey incidence model were used to analyze the situation of the technology innovation and technology transformation on the combined learning with research in Jiangsu. Then, the conceptual model and the organization management pattern for network-based Industry-University-Research collaboration was put forward. Findings – The results are convincing: the new web-based knowledge flow model in this paper could overcome barriers in the knowledge flow process of the Industry-University collaboration with the innovation and the integration of the cross-border and also promote the exchange of knowledge especially for tacit knowledge and value-added mobile and can also improve the regional technological innovation ability and technology transformation capabilities. Originality/value – The paper succeeds in constructing the web-based knowledge flow model to develop the Industry-University collaboration and help improve regional innovation and technology transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to research the status quo and future trends of the income elasticity of the consumer demand of Chinese rural residents. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses model ELES and model GM (1,1) to analyze and predict the income elasticity of consumer demand in the rural areas of China. Findings – The findings show the indicator that the income elasticity of consumer demand in the rural areas of China is quite large at present, but most sub-categories of the indicators show a declining trend in the future. Practical implications – The paper includes implications for the relevant departments to adjust the economic polices timely and reasonably according to specific form based on the findings above. Originality/value – The income elasticity of consumer demand is an important indicator, reflecting the relationship between consumer demand and income, so it is of great significance to research it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the motives that pushed the Chinese leaders to build the Great Firewall and the political functions attached to it. The paper argues that the immaterial wall is a way to preserve an authoritarian regime with little legitimacy because mainly based on fast economic growth. From this perspective, the purpose of the Great Firewall is not to ban access to Internet but to prevent certain western ideas to spread, so perceived as threatening the regime's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A risk assessment model for water shortage is constructed using a risk analysis method based on the information diffusion theory. The application of this model is demonstrated in the city of Yiwu in Zhejiang Province, China. Based on the analytical results from a small sample, this study indicates that the present model is more stable and effective than the traditional model. Risk assessment results are used to analyze the carrying capacity of water resources from an ecological angle. For this study, the carrying capacity of water resources is defined as the maximum volume of water suitable for supporting human activity in certain stages of social development that can be borne by water resources under favorable ecological conditions. Further study on Yiwu is also performed, with results indicating that water shortages in this city are not related to types of water source, but can be classified in terms of water quality and conservation. To verify the results of theoretical investigation in this paper, the authors simulate changes in the carrying capacity of water resources under the conditions of future water management policies. This simulation uses the system dynamics (SD) model, based on the historical data collected by the city over the past 20 years and governmental plans to raise inhabitants’ living standards between the present and 2020. The paper simultaneously indicates that both singularly pursuing fast economic development at the expense of the environment and promoting environmental protection via reduced economic development are undesirable for Yiwu. Simultaneously giving consideration to both the economic development and environmental protection is likely to produce better overall results. However, if the present water supply level is maintained but does not increase in the near future, Yiwu''s water supply will be unable to satisfy requirements even under this scheme. In this case, the carrying capacity of water resources in the region can only be effectively improved by promoting more efficient use of water and water conservation schemes, as well as strengthening long-term investment in environmental protection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The fast and steady economic growth in China during the 1990s has attracted much international attention. Using the three most recent Chinese input–output tables, this paper investigates industry structure and inter-industry relationships and the relationship of both to economic growth. The input–output tables contain intermediate demand and final demand for six broad industries, namely, Agriculture, Industry, Construction, Transportation, Post and Telecommunications, Services, and Others, for 1992, 1995 and 1997, which enables computing of input–output coefficients for three time periods. As direct and indirect input–output coefficients characterise industry structure during a particular time period, changes over time reflect the patterns in industry structure evolvement. Furthermore, output growth in a particular industry can be analysed from two different sources, namely the changes in input–output coefficients that reflect technological change, and the change in final demand. This paper sheds light on four different issues over the five-year period from 1992 to 1997: (1) Was growth driven by technological changes or final demand increases? (2) As a result of the interdependence of industries, how did an increase in final demand in one industry affect growth in another? (3) How has the bottleneck of an insufficient capability in the transportation, post and telecommunications sectors to cope with demands from other sectors been affected during this period? (4) Has the industry structure of the economy been shifting in conformity with traditional growth theory, namely, with a decline in the agricultural sector and a rise in the modern industrial sector? [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Low agricultural water fee collection rates are a problem commonly faced by many developing countries and this is a problem faced by China as it enters the new century. There are two main problem-solving strategies used in different areas of China: increasing the water fee collection rate, or exempting people from paying the water fee. In those areas where the first strategy is pursued, local governments adopt multiple measures to improve collection rates, such as introducing water user associations and enhancing the transparency of irrigation management. Exempting people from paying a water fee is a new strategy, adapted to China's rapid economic growth and social transition. In those areas that are exempting people from paying water fees, the financial sustainability of irrigation facilities has to be taken seriously and new farmer-level water-saving mechanisms need to be explored. In this paper, China's agricultural water fee collection dilemma is analysed from both a practical and a theoretical perspective. It is argued that China should not simply adopt a single agricultural water fee collection model and that each local government should explore policies that are appropriate for the local situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about several papers discussed at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference (BFA) with a theme "Asia's New Future: Identifying New Growth Drivers" held April 8-11, 2014 on the pressing global and regional issues is presented. Topics include reform, innovation and sustainable development. The conference featured several speakers including Martin Jacques, Zhang Weiying, and Mitch Barns.

This paper uses fractional-order calculus equations to analyze corporate investment behavior in the micro-domain to examine the impact of economic crisis and monetary policy on corporate investment. At the same time, the paper takes the data of 5 years from 2014 to 2018 of China's A-share market manufacturing company as a sample, and uses the method of shifting Bernstein polynomial to approximate the unknown function to generalize to the numerical solution of two-dimensional linear fractional delay partial differential equation. The numerical method for solving equations proves that monetary policy and economic crisis are important factors influencing corporate investment behavior. Corporate investment opportunities and new investment expenditures have a significant negative correlation with the economic crisis. Monetary policy has a positive regulatory effect on corporate investment opportunities and investment expenditures. Loose monetary policies can effectively reduce corporate financing constraints and increase new investment of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Late in 2012, when the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol came to an end, it was further extended to December 2020. This was based on the strong realisation that the clean development mechanism (CDM) projects have been playing an important role globally, particularly in promoting clean development in China. Based on a review of international and domestic sources, the paper analyses the progress in the development of CDM projects both globally and in China. China has attracted the lion share of CDM investment in terms of projects located in this country and the global annual certified emission reductions under this mechanism. Due to the relative easiness of implementation, the main area of investment is new and renewable energy. China's fast economic development, open door investment policy, political stability, high educational and technological standards and reliable infrastructure are all encouraging the interest of foreign investors seeking to reduce their domestic carbon footprint. In order to facilitate the location of CDM projects, the Chinese government formulated a series of policies and regulations as well as established national coordinating groups for climate change, CDM Designated National Authorities and projects auditing boards, which are responsible for projects application, auditing and management. There are however large differences in the regional distribution of Chinese CDM projects. Provinces, such as Yunnan, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Hunan and Gansu (located in central and western China) are attracting more projects because of their rich hydro and wind resources while there are very few projects in the eastern already developed parts of the country. This trend is consistent with the CDM's main goal to assist less developed regions to achieve a more sustainable development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This section offers news briefs on developments in China. China is developing the third-generation "Fengyun" series of weather satellites to monitor meteorological changes and help in the struggle against climate change. A report issued by the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China released on December 2, 2011 reveals that China published 121,500 academic papers on science and technology in 2010.

China is one among many other countries that have recognised the necessity in aligning national scientific progress with that of global development. As China is striding along the path of scientific development with determination and initial success, a key concern confronted by international scientific community is how China will transform existing global scientific atlas. Based on a project carried out in six Chinese cities, this paper mainly employs Ulrich Beck's cosmopolitan theory in examining China's life sciences 'development in the last decade to investigate how Chinese stakeholders have developed a (cosmopolitan) sensibility to rival ways of scientific reasoning, and in what way Chinese stakeholders have contributed to the cosmopolitanization of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Presented in this paper is an overview of energy consumption in rural China in view of temporal and spatial variations. Characterized by steadily decreased proportion of biomass use and increased percentage of coal and electricity use, coal and biomass are still the major energy sources in rural areas, accounting for nearly 80% of the total rural energy consumption. Moreover, the energy consumption varies significantly across provinces both in total sum and by fuel types due to diversities of geographic features, economic development levels and local energy source availability. Three statistical groups are clustered associated with quantitative change and structural change, exhibiting evident transition from noncommercial energy pattern to commercial energy pattern. Much more work need to be done to cope with the forthcoming dramatic changes associated with booming rural economy and newly released policy from the points of both energy security and environmental pressure in China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Fast and steady economic growth in China during the 1990s attracted much international attention. Given the scarcity of resources, it is important for economic growth to depend on production efficiency improvement to achieve sustainability. As China is the world''s second largest foreign capital recipient, foreign capital plays an important role in investment. If economic growth is fuelled by investment, an exodus or a shortage of foreign capital will render growth unsustainable. However, if growth is propelled by improvements in production efficiency, it is more likely to be sustained and to withstand reduction in production input. This paper estimates production efficiency in the agricultural sector in China with a panel data set comprising 30 provinces for the 7-year period, 1991–1997. A panel data model based on the Cobb–Douglas production function is used to represent the production frontier and to compute technical efficiency at the provincial level. Individual effects are tested to determine if pooled estimation is preferred to unpooled (panel) estimation. The test confirms significant differences between the provinces, and hence warrants panel data estimation. Both fixed and random effects models are estimated, with provincial technical inefficiency specified as province-specific intercept terms for the former, and regression disturbances for the latter. Although the random effects model is rejected in favour of the fixed effects model, the latter did not produce estimates with correct signs, and is rejected on economic grounds. Using the random effects model, production efficiency has increased for most provinces, but the gap between the affluent coastal region and the hinterland in the west has increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background. China has made tremendous progress in its economic development in the past two decades. Accompanying this economic development has been an evident shift in the modes of transport, from walking and cycling to the use of motorcycles and, increasingly, four-wheel vehicles. Such changes are likely to have also produced changes in the patterns and numbers of road traffic injuries, including increases in motorcycle injuries. However, such changes have not been well documented. The work described in this paper sought, therefore, to document the changes in motorcycle ownership, motorcyclist mortality and injury rates in China since 1987. Methods. National traffic ownership and injury data from 1987 to 2001 were obtained from the National Bureau for Traffic Administration. Additionally, traffic ownership and injury records from 1997 to 2001 were collected from local police offices from 20 counties in Guangxi Region, Population data were obtained from the national and county statistics bureaus. Motorcycle ownership, fatality and injury trends over time were calculated. Results. Nationally, motorcycles accounted for 23.4% of all registered motor vehicles in 1987, increasing to 63.2% in 2001. Motorcyclist fatalities and injuries increased 5.5-fold and 9.3-fold, respectively, between 1987 and 2001. In 1987, 7.5% of all traffic fatalities and 8.8% of all traffic injuries were sustained by motorcyclists, with the corresponding proportions increasing to 18.9% and 22.8%, respectively, in 2001. The changing proportions of both traffic fatalities and injuries sustained by motorcyclists were positively correlated with the change in the proportion of motorcycles among all motor vehicles. In the 20 counties in Guangxi, motorcyclist fatality and injury rates also increased between 1997 and 2001. Moreover, these rates were considerably higher than the national rates. Conclusions. Motorcyclist injury in China is a serious public health problem. Motorcyclist fatalities and... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The section offers social and political updates from China as of December 2018. Topics discussed include the award granted to Ye Cong, one of the designers and a pilot of China's first manned submersible, during the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up on December 18, 2018; details of a white paper released by the State Council Information Office regarding China's progress in human rights protection; and some of the economic and social development at Beijing, China over the past 40 years.

Information about several papers discussed at a conference on the need for the development of agricultural and rural areas in China, which was conducted in Beijing on December 2005 is presented. The economy in the country can be developed in the right direction if problems relating to agriculture, rural areas and the farmers have been solved properly. The conference was attended by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Vice-Premier Huang Ju. INSET: OVERPOPULATION: A MAIN CAUSE OF RURAL POVERTY.

Presents an interview with Fang Ning, the Deputy Director of the Institute of Political Science under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, on the issuance of the first white paper on political democracy by the State Council Information Office on October 19, 2005 in China. Late publication of the white paper due to Chinese Government's alleged reluctance to develop democracy despite its successful economic restructuring policies; Identification of the white paper as China's first government document on its political democracy with focus on consensus building; Purpose of the white paper to help people fully and correctly comprehend the sound development of China's political democracy, recognize reasons for the country's adherence to socialist political democracy and to strengthen their determination to be firm on the path.

The article discusses a blue paper which predicts that China's economy in 2016 will see a growth rate of 6.6 to 6.8 percent. Topics include major reasons of economic slowdown on the rise economic growth in 2015 analyzed by Li Xuesong, deputy director at the Institute of Quantitative & Technical Economics, increase in the proportion of the tertiary industry in Gross domestic product GDP for five consecutive years, and views of economist Li Yang, on the same.

The article reports that the State Council Information Office of the Chinese government published the white paper or authoritative report entitled "The Internet in China" on June 8, 2010. The white paper reportedly introduced facts of the development and use of the Internet in China and explained the policies of China on the Internet. The paper states that the Internet has had a role in promoting the economic development of China.

The article presents an abstract of the paper "China's "Peaceful Rise" to Great-Power Status," by Zheng Bijian, published in the September-October 2005 issue of "Foreign Affairs." The paper characterized the economic developments in China. The strategies implemented by the Chinese government to deal with the challenges facing the country are mentioned.

The article provides a summary of the article "The Sources and Sustainability of China's Economic Growth," by Gary H. Jefferson, Albert G.Z. Hu, and Jian Su in "Brookings Papers on Economic Activity in the No.2, 2006 issue. The author states that China will never be the world's largest economy due to the fact that its rapid economic growth is limited to a few industries.

Discusses family planning in the Third World. Comparison of monies spent of military upkeep and health; Indian and Chinese birth control efforts; 'Worldwatch Paper 80.'

The article reports that the economic growth in China will increase in 2013 as a result of the new fiscal policy, monetary policy and economic growth model introduced in 2012 according to a blue paper released by the publishing institution Social Sciences Academic Press in Beijing, China.

The article discusses a paper republished by the periodical "Qiushi Theory" which explained why China should improve its production to address its declining economic growth rate.