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The overall treatment rate of rural domestic sewage in Northwest China is lower than that of national average level. In order to effectively improve regional rural sewage treatment capacity and enhance management level of water environment during local villages，the governments of northwest provinces （autonomous regions） have successively promulgated the discharge standards for pollutants of rural domestic sewage treatment. By comparing the discharge standards of rural domestic sewage in Shanxi Province，Shaanxi Province，Gansu Province，Qinghai Province，Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with Pollutant Discharge Standards of Urban Sewage Treatment Plants and the Water Quality Standards of Farmland Irrigation，it is revealed that the standard classification of the seven northwest provinces （autonomous regions） is mainly based on the surface water environmental quality standards and the scale of treatment facilities. In addition，the control index selection of local standards is basically consistent with the pollutant discharge standards of urban sewage treatment plants while the standard limitation is relatively loose. Meanwhile，the third level of the seven Northwest provinces（autonomous regions） is suitable to the water quality requirements of farmland irrigation，of which the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，Gansu Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous also specified clear provisions. Moreover，with in-depth summary and analysis of the discharge standards of rural domestic sewage in northwest China，the thinking for the priority selection of the discharge standards for pollutants of rural domestic sewage treatment would be guided to the suitable discharge standard for the treatment of rural domestic sewage. In addition，It will provide not only ideas for the applicable technical system and treatment mode of rural domestic sewage treatment in the arid region of northwest China，but also for the contributions to improve the policy decision-making level on rural water environment treatment of local governments.

Development of live shopping has introduced a new form of celebrity endorsement. This study examines the impact of negative news related to streamers on viewers' purchasing behaviour during live streaming, considering different types of negative news. Drawing on research related to celebrity endorsement and information dissemination, this study presents the results from one natural experiment and four lab experiments. The findings suggest that negative news about streamers, as well as their responses to such news, positively influence viewers' purchasing behaviour during live streaming, which is mediated by their visit to the live streaming. Furthermore, the study reveals that negative news related to streamers' personal behaviour has a more positive impact than negative news related to the product they are selling. The positive effect of response to negative news is weakened when the response seems to protect the wrongdoers. This study contributes to the development of endorsement theory, retests the model of the endorser effect, and expands the literature about celebrity scandals. Additionally, the findings provide practical suggestions for retailers and streamers who are dealing with negative news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractStreamers have become a crucial component of consumers’ live shopping experience. Reviewers will transfer their emotions about the streamer to the product-after review. We innovatively verified the reverse effect of reviewers’ sentiment tendency toward streamer on the product sustained sale in the streamer’s live streaming. Results from a field data set and three lab experiments show that reviewers’ positive sentiment tendency toward the streamer has a negative effect on the readers’ purchase intention when the streamer resale this product in his live streaming. While reviewers’ negative sentiment tendency toward the streamer can enhance readers’ purchase intention to the product resold in the streamer’s live streaming. These effects are separately mediated by readers’ trust in the review and their empathy to the streamer. And the two mediators are moderated by the streamer’s expertise. Our findings expand the literatures about reviews’ emotions and suggest implications for streamers, retailers, and review platforms faced with the task of managing live-shopping reviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traffic transfer between social media and E-commerce platforms is essential to the retailers in the E-commerce platform and the platform itself. Drawing on the affordance theory, this study presents the results from three experiments based on two kinds of social media (with or without E-commerce widow) to demonstrate the role of social media recommendation pages’ affordance on the visitors’ usage and sharing intention to the product link attached to the content. The result shows that traffic transfer exists between social media and E-commerce platforms. Moreover, the higher the level of social media affordances (visibility, editability, persistence, association), the higher the willingness of visitors to transfer from social media to E-commerce platforms. This change in traffic volume is mediated by the visitors’ relationship strength and perceived trust in the blogger and the platform. This study expands the research on affordance theory to the area of traffic transfer. Additionally, this study has also enriched the existing literature on cross-platform traffic imports in social E-commerce. The results will guide both content operators and retailers who wish to use social media to increase sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the possible covariation of grey matter volume (GMV) and white matter fractional anisotropy in infants with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and periventricular white matter injury. Method: Thirty‐nine infants with spastic CP and 25 typically developing controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Multimodal canonical correlation analysis with joint independent component analysis were used to capture differences in GMV and fractional anisotropy between groups. Correlation analysis was performed between imaging findings and clinical features. Results: Infants with spastic CP showed one joint group‐discriminating component (i.e. GMV‐fractional anisotropy) associated with regions in the cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical loop and in the corpus callosum compared to typically developing controls and one modality‐specific group‐discriminating component (i.e. GMV). Significant negative correlations were found between loadings in certain regions and the motor function score in spastic CP. Interpretation: In infants with spastic CP, covarying GMV‐fractional anisotropy and altered GMV in specific regions were implicated in motor dysfunction, which confirmed that simultaneous GMV and fractional anisotropy changes underly motor deficits, but might also extend to sensory, cognitive, or visual dysfunction. These findings also suggest that multimodal fusion analysis allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the relevance between grey and white matter structures and its crucial role in the neuropathological mechanisms of spastic CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs finite element analysis and simulated environmental immersion experiments to methodically investigate the growth behavior of pitting corrosion in stainless steel. It particularly examines how the diameter-to-depth ratio of the pit influences its growth dynamics. The findings underscore substantial variations in growth patterns and corrosion rates corresponding to different diameter-to-depth ratios. Key parameters, including electrolyte current density, potential, Fe2+ and Cl− ion concentrations, and pH values, play a crucial role in the corrosion mechanism. Remarkably, a pronounced increase in the corrosion rate at the pit bottom was observed with the increase in the diameter-to-depth ratio to 1:5. The results of this work provide insight into stainless steel pitting mechanisms, enabling the development of more effective prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context The role of B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is unknown. Objective We aimed to explore risk factors affecting lymph node (LN) metastasis and interaction effect of BRAF in PTC patients with HT. Methods We retrospectively collected the data of 994 PTC patients with HT who underwent surgery at the West China Hospital. We analyzed the correlations between preoperative characteristics and LN metastasis in overall, and different BRAFV600E -mutation patients. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors for LN metastasis. Finally, we performed an interaction effect analysis to identify the interaction effect of BRAF. Results The overall LN metastasis rate was 52.71% (524/994); the overall BRAF mutation rate was 26.9% (268/994). BRAF mutation rates were significantly different in LN metastasis and nonmetastasis patients (31.7% vs 21.5%; P <.001). In all 994 patients, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, tumor maximum diameter, BRAF mutation, tumor location, aspect ratio, calcification, and extrathyroidal invasion were risk factors for LN metastasis (P <.05). In BRAF -mutant patients, smoking, hypertension, maximum diameter, calcification, and multifocality were risk factors for LN metastasis (P <.05). In BRAF wild-type patients, age, BMI, maximum diameter, tumor location, aspect ratio, tumor shape, calcification, and extrathyroidal invasion were risk factors (P <.05). Additionally, we found statistically significant interactions between BRAF and BMI, hypertension, maximum diameter, and calcification (P <.05), suggesting the potential interaction effect of BRAF. Conclusion BRAF is a risk factor for LN metastasis in PTC with HT. Meanwhile, BRAF can interact with age, BMI, hypertension, and calcification, which together influence LN metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]