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The article describes the current state, retrospective, and perspective of the development of the export potential of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy. The share of agricultural exports in the structure of the total export of goods from Ukraine was analyzed. The geographical structure of the export of goods from Ukraine, in particular the agro-industrial complex, was studied. Special attention was paid to the issue of the change in the structure of the export of goods in 2022. The structure of the export of products from Ukraine, in particular agricultural products, was studied in terms of partner countries. Special attention was focused on considering changes in the structure of exports in 2022 in Ukraine. In 2022, the logistics of exporting agricultural products became significantly more complicated. Neighbouring European countries felt a significant burden during the restructuring of the logistics channels for the export of Ukrainian agricultural products before the opening of the «grain corridor». Customs crossings, railway infrastructure and the infrastructure of sea and river ports of the European Union countries were fully involved. In the article, we substantiated that in order to unblock the export of agricultural products from Ukraine through the domestic Black Sea seaports, the significant burden of building export logistics flows was taken on by European neighboring countries, which fully utilized all their logistics infrastructure. In 2022, there was a reduction in the export of agricultural products, and in 2023, its further decline is predicted. Using the example of grain crops, polynomial approximation was used to forecast their gross harvest, as well as calculate domestic consumption and export potential in 2023. The study indicates that in 2023, export revenue from the sale of grain crops should be expected to be more than twice as much as in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to objectively analyze the situation of agricultural holdings in Dambovita county, both in terms of their size and dimension, but also their evolution, with the aim of highlighting the existing gaps compared to the European Union average, problems and dysfunctions what characterizes the agricultural sector, but also its prospects for development and performance growth. The research methodology first of all assumed the analysis of specialized literature regarding the importance of agriculture for the economy and its role in increasing income for farmers, and on the other hand, the collection and processing of national and county statistical data regarding agricultural holdings. Based on the analyzed data, conclusions and recommendations were formulated regarding the reduction of existing gaps between Romanian agriculture, Dambovita County and community agriculture. It was thus established that compared to the average size of the agricultural holding registered at the national level, of 2.37 ha, at the level of Dambovita county, it is 4.37 ha. This is due to the specific relief and activity. However, the average size of agricultural holdings is well below the average size of existing holdings at European Union level, where it is 152.4 ha in the Czech Republic, 90.4 ha in the United Kingdom or 77.5 ha in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article details the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union on Member States in the period 2014-2020 by highlighting the measures applied, the values allocated and the resulting gains. The funds used under this policy are the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and the Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) on the basis of agreements between the European Commission and the Member States. The World Trade Organization (WTO) has responded positively to the implementation of reforms and the achievement of the objectives of the European Union's agricultural policy by accelerating development, increasing competitiveness and modernizing the agricultural sector. The Community agricultural sector has developed internal markets, diversified marketed products and developed the activity of services together with a correct efficiency of the use of renewable energy. These targets have had an important effect on protecting the environment through the responsible use of natural resources. The methodology used focused on the study of bibliographic sources, the collection, processing, analysis and interpretation of data provided by the European Commission but also by articles published in journals. Following the research carried out on the basis of the article, the following results were obtained: a) the desire of the European Commission to improve the common agricultural market since its establishment with each implemented period; b) raising awareness among Member States about the maximum use of the two European funds EAGF and EAFRD (currently the average percentage allocated by states was 59%); c) clarifying the European market but also encouraging trade with non-EU countries; d) highlighting in the article and in the tables the data on the topics addressed e) a structured picture of the evolution of the common agricultural policy from the establishment to the present, continuing with a much more concrete future. The formulation of the conclusions followed the situation of the allocated funds, the amounts used, the achievement of the targets and the measures that can be taken further in order to support the activities in the agricultural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romania is one of the European countries with the most favorable soil and climate conditions in order to obtain quality agricultural productions and in significant quantities, which can cover an important segment of the domestic demand for agri-food products. Despite the considerable potential, the profitability in Romanian agriculture is still modest, indicating a use of production factors below the level of optimal values. Based on these considerations and predicting that in 2021, the population need for agri-food products consumption will increase, as a result of the repatriation of approximately two million Romanian citizens, who worked in the European Union countries due to the crisis generated by Covid-19, we initiated the present study on the agricultural production evolution in Călărași county, in comparison to South Muntenia Region, of which it is part and with the production at national level. For the data processing and interpretation, the method of statistical indicators was used, respectively, the comparative analysis of the researched phenomena. The comparison method was used in the analysis of the data series that covered time periods between 2000 and 2007 and 2008 and 2018, depending on the available data. For each period, the indicators were calculated: average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and annual growth rate. It results clearly that for the next period it is important to intensify some measures to provide subsidies, to use on large scale the need for irrigation, fertilization and other activities that will give perspective to evolution in this area and lead to the agrio-food security and independence of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper presents an evaluation framework followed to identify cost-efficient alternatives to extend the MARS Crop Yield Forecasting System (MCYFS), run by the European Commission Joint Research Centre since 1992, to other main producing areas of the world: Eastern European Neighbourhood, Asia, Australia, South America and North America. These new systems would follow the principles and components of the MCYFS Europe: a meteorological data infrastructure, a remote sensing data infrastructure, a crop modelling platform, statistical tools, a team of analysts and a crop area estimation component. The framework designed evaluates the performance of the possible MCYFS-like system realizations against six defined objectives and their costs. Possible monitoring systems are based on a combination of different technical solutions for each of the MCYFS components, and are evaluated through an automatic algorithm that calculates the expected system performance –relying on a priori expert judgement–, the costs, and possible risks to construct some technical solutions, to finally identify the cost-efficient ones. A baseline system, achieving the minimum required performance, was identified as the most efficient starting point for the MCYFS extension in all the geographical areas. Such system would be built upon: (i) near real-time reanalysis meteorological products; (ii) remote sensing data from low-resolution (~1 km) platforms with a long-term product archive; (iii) crop models based on crop-specific model calibration from experimental data published in scientific literature; (iv) statistical methods based on trend and regression analysis applied to national level; (v) a team of analysts with specific technical profiles (on meteorology, remote sensing, and agronomy); and (vi) digital classification of very high resolution imagery supported by non-expensive ground surveys for area estimation. In countries where accessibility to local data and resources is high the baseline system can be upgraded enhancing some of the components: sub-national statistical analysis with additional statistical methods like multiple regression or scenario analysis; recruitment of experts on local agricultural conditions in the team of analysts; local calibration of crop models with experimental data; and exploiting high and low resolution biophysical products from remote sensing for crop monitoring. Highlights • We present a framework to identify cost-efficient solutions for a crop yield forecasting system in the main producing areas. • An automatic algorithm evaluates the expected performance, costs, and possible risks to construct some technical solutions. • The analysis identified a baseline system common to all the geographical areas reaching the minimum required performance. • A roadmap to upgrade the baseline system indicates those solutions improving the system performance at lower costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many authors emphasize that reducing the income deprivation of the agricultural sector in relation to the non-agricultural sectors is a prerequisite to the growth of sustainability of agriculture. Thus, this raises the question: despite the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the value of agricultural income in EU countries, is there still income deprivation for agriculture in relation to non-agricultural sectors? If so, is its depth comparable among farms with a different scale of production from the same EU country or among farms with the same scale of production from different countries? The answers to these questions constitute the added value of the article. The aim of the paper is to compare the ratio of agricultural income to non-agricultural income in regard to family farms in EU countries. Results show that the CAP solutions do limit the agricultural income disparities but that there are significant differences in the income deprivation of farms with different production values in the same country. These differences also apply to farms with a similar production volume in different countries. This publication includes critical analysis of literature, spatial-analysis and panel regression. The time scale of the research is 2004–2017, the spatial scope is individual EU countries and the subjective scope is representative EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the increase in energy prices and, as a consequence, on other inputs on the global and European market, the study aims to analyze the performance of the European Union's agriculture through the lens of the correlations and links that are established between different determinants/factors and which provide a much clearer picture of the agricultural sector than the analysis of the result/output and its contribution to GDP. The working methodology consisted in the comparative analysis of the statistical data related to the Member States and the aggregated general data for the EU 27 using the EUROSTAT data by processing them in order to achieve the proposed goal. The results indicate a high level of performance for a number of states that are not considered very important in this area and, in contrast, a lower level of performance for a number of states considered at the top of the pyramid in terms of performance. The derived indicators used and calculated within the research can represent basic elements in the fundamental analysis of the agricultural activity performance of a country and the European Union as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, Latvia has been integrated into several (multi‐) national state formations that have shaped agricultural practices. Beginning in 1991, newly independent Latvia reintroduced a family farming model and prepared to join the European Union. The ability of small farmers to adapt to and implement the new EU regulations that support farming either as efficient food production or alternatively as cultural landscaping has been contingent upon many socio‐economic and cultural factors. Today, most family farmers have only reluctantly formalized their practices to satisfy the requirements of the EU, while others have readily embraced the current discourses, policies, and laws to strategically access agricultural funds and scale up operations. We discuss these agricultural tensions by contrasting two forms of selective formalization: the reluctant "projectification" of a subsistence farm by founding a cultural NGO vs. the strategic founding of an "entrepreneurial" cooperative of sea buckthorn producers to access transnational markets and development subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]