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This paper presents arguments for why defense programs creating physical systems should clearly separate three developmental phases from each other: research, development and design. Research is to be performed first by small teams of scientists addressing the "unknown unknowns" and maturing fundamental science from TRL of 1 to about 3. Next, development of physical modules is to be performed by small and highly specialized engineers. Finally, the system-level design should focus on efficient trading off the module locations, sizes and shapes versus system performance, mass, power requirements, etc. The design with all modules mature and available is equivalent to a car design: to be performed by competent engineers but quite well established. A small cohesive and co-located Program Management team with excellent Systems Engineers and Architects, led by a permanent Program Manager/ Chief Engineer should manage all program phases, assuring smooth transitions between the expert teams and phases. The small weight penalty which may result from the above approach is compensated by orders of magnitude larger savings due to shorter program schedule and optimized engineering effort. Examples are cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is economically one of the fastest growing nations in the world and if this high growth rate can be sustained then it can easily modernize its armed services. The reason why India has been trying to arm itself is because it wants to see itself as a major super power in the world and the evidence of this fact can be sought in the new modifications which are being proposed in the military doctrine and India's defence shopping list. This paper aims at examining India's defence modernization and expansion schemes which are set to be fulfilled by 2020 and to draw a comparison of India's existing and forecasted defence inventory with Pakistan's defence inventory in order to better understand how these military modernization and expansion programs, India can use as a policy tool to undermine Pakistan's national security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the structure of the defence forces in France. It states that White Paper, a new document was brought out in 2008 designated to take account of the global changes as well as to ponder on the emergence of new threats and crises such as terrorism and organised crime. An overview of the country's general data, government and economy is also presented.

Reports on the developments in scientific communication in the United States. Attention to the interagency review of scientific communication and national security; Possibility of revisions to the Export Administration Act of 1979; Preparation of recommendations for control of unclassified but militarily sensitive technology, visas, scientific conferences and publication of scientific papers.

Presents a paper on the experience and expertise gained by members of the British armed forces and police in counter-terrorism. Involvement in the effort to suppress terrorism in Northern Ireland; Capability of the army and the police to respond to terrorist attacks including the July 7, 2005 bombings in London; International support for the counter-terrorism efforts of the country.

The article offers information on the structure of the defence forces in Ireland. The primary mission of the White Paper on Defence is to defend the region against armed aggression, render aid to civil power and to participate in multi-national peace support. In addition, the Minister for Foreign Affairs has the overall responsibility for international security policy. An overview of the country's general data, government and economy is presented.

The issue of reforming Ukraine's security sector as a whole and its various components in particular has long been on the agenda for both the Ukrainian government and Ukrainian society. Although reform is definitely in process, its scale and pace are not designed to bring the best results. As part of the "Building Support for a Comprehensive Approach to Security Sector Reform in Ukraine" project, ICPS analysts prepared a policy paper called "Security Sector Reform in Ukraine." This excerpt focuses on the Armed Forces by looking at the main directions of reform and reform-related problems facing the government [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the geographic and socio-demographic conditions of Cambodia, with special emphasis on its national defense. Spread across 181,040 square kilometers, Cambodia houses 13,363,421 people, as of July 2004 estimates. Officially, the literacy rate in Cambodia is 35%. A "Defence White Paper" was released in early 2000, which defined a military strategy of flexible and controlled response and outlined an ambitious plan for the reform and restructuring of the armed forces. Total active manpower estimates vary widely between some 40,000 and up to 110,000. The defence budget is US$112 million, which is 3% of GDP, as per 2001 estimates.

The article presents information on the military structure of Ecuador. The President of Ecuador is formally the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, but he is not directly involved in their daily activities and he can delegate this function in a situation of national emergency. The National Security Council is the highest body responsible for national defence. The Minister of Defence controls the three services through the Joint Command. Further, it is informed that a Defence White Paper was unveiled in 2002 that defines the security and defence policy of Ecuador and provides the guidelines for the development of the armed forces.

Describes the Updated Plan for Organizational Structuring of the Bulgarian Armed Forces, designed to reform the nation's military in accordance with the national security requirement and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization standards. Main goal of the reform process; Functional structure of the plan; Missions of the Armed Forces as defined in the White Paper.

This article proposes that Canada has ignored its military for too long, and that spending must increase in order to handle crises at home or abroad. There is probably no area where Paul Martin's problems are more pressing than defence. The military's basic strategy document, the 1994 White Paper, is predicated on the premise that we can relax now that the Cold War is over. And although no one knows the final bill for our one-year peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan--it ends this summer--it has almost certainly pushed the department over its $13.1-billion budget for 2003-2004. Prime minister Martin knows what he wants: the capacity to allow Canada to back its foreign policy with military force.