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2. LA TERMINOLOGÍA GRAMATICAL EN SECUNDARIA Y BACHILLERATO. VENTAJAS E INCONVENIENTES DIDÁCTICOS DE ALGUNOS CONCEPTOS GRAMATICALES ANTIGUOS Y MODERNOS.
- Author
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Bosque, Ignacio and Gallego, Ángel J.
- Subjects
- *
LINGUISTICS , *SPANISH language , *SPANISH literature , *COMPARATIVE linguistics , *LEXICOLOGY - Abstract
This paper discusses the utility, validity and use of several grammatical notions, mostly syntactic. Our goal is to assess whether some frequent concepts of the language class in high school should be replaced by others that are generally unknown, and also whether the content currently given to some of them should be modified. We defend such a possibility, which we justify with the main argument that grammatical analyses must relate forms to meanings and favor the reflection of students on the unconscious knowledge that each speaker has of his or her own language, together with the use that speakers make of linguistic expressions. For expository reasons, we consider four types of grammatical notions: those that are both used and useful; those that are useful, but seldom applied; those that are usually applied, despite being of little use; and, finally, those that could be useful and that are rarely applied. We set out this discussion to defend the need to establish a stable terminology perimeter for high school language classes, mainly based on the recent Glosario de términos gramaticales (2019). We take this minimum terminological agreement to be a necessary condition to carry out that reflection, for which we have advocated in previous works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. LA DOBLE VIDA DE SU MERCED EN AMÉRICA ENTRE LOS SIGLOS XVI Y XIX.
- Author
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BERTOLOTTI, VIRGINIA and ÁLVAREZ LÓPEZ, LAURA
- Subjects
SPANISH language ,LINGUISTICS ,SYNTAX (Grammar) ,GRAMMAR ,CORPORA - Abstract
Copyright of Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. La perífrasis soler+infinitivo a la luz del latín (II): Lecturas y valores de soleo+INFINITIVO.
- Author
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Artigas Alvarez, Esther
- Subjects
- *
PERIPHRASIS , *SPANISH language , *LINGUISTICS , *SEMANTICS , *GRAMMAR - Abstract
This paper offers a broad overview, seen from the perspective of Diachronic Construction Grammar, of the readings and values developed in Latin by the construction so/eo+iNF. The evidence provided and the analysis of the various factors involved in the interpretation of this periphrasis show that its original and basic value is not the expression of habitual aspect, as traditional models maintain, but a typifying meaning that should be considered in the framework of the continuous aspect. On the other hand, the structural possibilities and the behavior of so/eo+iNF in Latin allow to set an interesting reference framework to explain some particular uses of so/er+ INF in the earliest stages of the Spanish language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. La perífrasis soler + infinitivo a la luz del latín (I): Soleo, el origen latino del auxiliar soler.
- Author
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Cabré Lunas, Laura
- Subjects
- *
SPANISH language , *LINGUISTICS , *PERIPHRASIS , *SEMANTICS , *GRAMMAR - Abstract
This paper focuses on the description of the verb soleo, the Latin cognate of the Spanish auxiliary soler, with the aim of contributing to the explanation of the Spanish lexical periphrasis soler + INF, when considering it from a diachronic perspective. Soleo is an especial verb whose singularity is manifested in its etymology and its grammatical particularities. Concerning its etymology, two hypotheses have been considered which start from two different Aktionsart stems: one makes it derive from a Proto-Indo-European iterative stem, the other from a stative one. From this second etymological hypothesis, soleo could be included among Latin denominative stative *e-presents with the basic meaning of 'to be of oneself, to have as one's own, to be normal, to be custom'. Regarding its morphosyntactic features, the semi-deponent soleo has a morphologically passive perfect stem, solitus sum, whose use with aoristic value comes into contradiction with the morphological restriction of the Spanish auxiliary soler and with the aspectual categorization of habitual auxiliary attributed to it. Together with the function as an auxiliary verb constituting a periphrasis with an infinitive, it also presents a use as a full lexical verb in which the prototypical semantic value of its etymology emerges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. El aporte de don Andrés Bello a la linguística y filología modernas.
- Author
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Cartagena, Nelson
- Subjects
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LINGUISTICS , *PHILOLOGY , *GRAMMAR , *SPANISH language - Abstract
Based on the studies and widespread international appraisal of Andrés Bello's writings, his crucial importance in the history of Spanish Grammar is not only highlighted, but also does this paper manifest his remarkable role as precursor of the major currents of linguistic studies of the 20th century: the European and the American structuralisms, the generative grammar and the pragmatics. By referring to Bello's traditional studies his significance in Modern Philology is clearly shown, and some unique and surprising findings on Bello's idea on the translation of libretti (i.e. the actual vocal parts of opera) are presented by the author of this paper. Bello's characterization and assessment of the difficulties that arise from the symbiosis of text and music in these texts are pronounced about 80 years ahead of Gustav Becher's famous holistic theory on the translation of this type of texts. A theory which, according to distinguished European musicologists, has lead the way in the discussion of the functionality of these distinct interlingual transfers throughout the 20th century, as well as a revaluation of this specific activity during the preceding centuries (15th - 19th century). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Se azotaron a los delincuentes : A Case Study in Arbitrary Exclusion.
- Author
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MacKenzie, Ian
- Subjects
- *
ACCUSATIVE case (Grammar) , *SPANISH language , *CORPORA , *GRAMMAR , *LINGUISTICS , *GRAMMATICALITY (Linguistics) - Abstract
This paper looks at the stigmatized use of impersonal se with a plural verb and the prepositional accusative. While this pattern occurs commonly in speech and many forms of writing, it has to all intents been airbrushed from academic consideration of Spanish. On the one hand, the normative authorities dismiss it as an error and on the other it is studiously ignored by professional linguists. Given the pattern's de facto productivity, it is argued in this paper that its exclusion from the standard corpus is essentially arbitrary, the result of a priori assumptions about what should be possible in grammar rather than detached scientific consideration of what actually occurs. More specifically, both prescriptive grammar and theoretical linguistics take it as axiomatic that (in languages like Spanish) number agreement on the finite verb is determined by the subject and never by the object. The pattern discussed here is irreconcilable with that view and, accordingly, has come to be treated as a non-legitimate datum. The case thus provides a good illustration of how the concept of grammaticality, supposedly the empirical foundation of modern syntax, may be no less arbitrary than the older normative principle of correct usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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8. Ser and estar from the Cognitive Grammar perspective.
- Author
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Castro, Alejandro Castañeda
- Subjects
GRAMMAR ,GRAMMATICALIZATION ,SPANISH language ,SEMANTICS ,LINGUISTICS - Abstract
Copyright of Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics is the property of Universidade de Vigo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
9. Evidentials dizque and que in Spanish. Grammaticalization, parameters and the (fine) structure of Comp.
- Author
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Demonte, Violeta and Fernández-Soriano, Olga
- Subjects
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SPANISH language , *SENTENCES (Grammar) , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *GRAMMAR , *LINGUISTICS - Abstract
In this paper we study one type of Spanish que (the equivalent to the complementizer "that") that can be shown to belong into the crosslinguistically restricted list of evidentials. In particular, we will claim that it encodes the (most basic) marks of non- first-hand or indirect (reported) evidence. Our point of departure is certain (apparently) independent clauses of Spanish headed by an overt complementizer (que). Some tests will be presented that support the idea that that one type of que introducing a well specified subset of root sentences shares most of the properties that have been claimed to characterize reportative evidentials in languages such as Quechua (Faller 2002, 2006). As for the properties of reportative que, it will be further shown that it does not encode any features related to epistemic modality (reliability or (im)probability) and we will propose that it is better analyzed as an illocutionary operator, affecting the illocutionary force (in line with Faller 2002 among others) and not as an epistemic modal (Izvorsky 1997 among others). In order to determine the nature of this reportative element and its origin, we contrast it with an old Spanish form, dizque, which exists nowadays in certain modern American varieties. This particle also has the properties of an evidential but behaves as an epistemic modal. In the last sections, we will propose that both evidential particles (que and dizque) are the result of a process of grammaticalization (i.e. 'upward reanalysis', or categorial change, of functional material, in the sense of Roberts and Roussou 2003) of the complex structure headed by a communication verb, dicen que "they say that". We will tentatively describe such process and introduce a hypothesis as to the nature and role of the parameter involved in the claimed reanalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
10. PRONOMBRES CON INVENTARIOS ABIERTOS?
- Author
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Satorre Grau, Francisco Javier
- Subjects
PRONOUNS (Grammar) ,SPANISH language ,GRAMMAR ,SCHOLARS ,TERMS & phrases ,LINGUISTICS - Abstract
Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
11. Contextual Congruence Tense-Demonstration in Spanish: A Temporal Discourse Model-Based Account.
- Author
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Zulaica-Hernández, Iker
- Subjects
GRAMMAR ,SPANISH language ,LINGUISTICS ,CONTEXTUAL analysis ,CONTEXT effects (Psychology) - Abstract
In the Spanish grammatical tradition, it was long noticed that certain demonstratives and tenses show a high degree of concomitance in Peninsular Spanish written and spoken discourse. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon had not been exhaustively described or quantified to date. The purpose of this paper is to test whether the alleged correlation tense-demonstratives can be sustained on empirical grounds and an adequate explanation be provided for this phenomenon. Based on a detailed analysis of naturally occurring examples from a corpus of modern Spanish I draw three principal conclusions. First, the aforementioned correlation actually occurs but it is restricted to the distal demonstrative element aquel in both determiner and pronominal forms, whereas the other two demonstrative elements este and ese do not show any particular preferences regarding the tenses they are combined with in discourse. Secondly, the phenomenon is restricted to cases of temporal deixis whereby the demonstrative is used to refer to times. Finally, and more importantly, a necessary condition for the use of the demonstrative aquel as a temporal deictic element lies in that it requires a past time linguistic expression in its immediate textual environment. Thus, the observed correlation tense-demonstration should be more accurately referred to as the contextual congruence past_ time-aquel in Peninsular Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
12. El sujeto en las construcciones copulativas.
- Author
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Morales, Juan Romero
- Subjects
VERBS ,LINGUISTICS ,GRAMMAR ,ADJECTIVES (Grammar) ,LEXICAL grammar ,GENERATIVE grammar ,LEXICOLOGY ,SPANISH language - Abstract
Copyright of Verba: Anuario Galego de Filoloxia is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
13. Gender and gender agreement in bilingual native and non-native grammars: A view from child and adult functional–lexical mixings
- Author
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Liceras, Juana M., Fernández Fuertes, Raquel, Perales, Susana, Pérez-Tattam, Rocío, and Spradlin, Kenton Todd
- Subjects
- *
GRAMMAR , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *LINGUISTICS , *WORD (Linguistics) , *SPANISH language , *ENGLISH language - Abstract
Abstract: In this paper we analyze spontaneous and experimental data involving code-mixed DPs made up of English Determiners+Spanish Nouns (the casa “house”) and Spanish Determiners+English Nouns (la [the/feminine] house) from child English/Spanish simultaneous bilinguals and from L1 speakers of English, French and Spanish with different levels of proficiency in their respective L2s (Spanish in the case of L1 English and French; English in the case of L1 Spanish). We show that early child bilinguals and adult simultaneous bilinguals (production data) and L1 speakers of Spanish (experimental data) favor mixings where Spanish provides the functional category, the Determiner, over mixings where English does. We also show that when confronted with these mixed DPs adult L1 Spanish speakers and non-native speakers share a preference for the English D followed by a preference for the default gender marking in Spanish, the masculine (el [the/masculine] house). In the case of the L1 Spanish speakers, this preference is overridden by the “analogical criterion”, (la [the/feminine] house), which consists of assigning the gender of the Spanish translation equivalent (“casa” is feminine) to the English Noun. We provide a linguistic account of these preferences based on the intrinsic Gender feature of the Spanish Noun and the intrinsic Gender Agreement feature or the Spanish Determiner and argue that the cognitive mechanisms employed by the bilingual, the Spanish L1 speaker and the Spanish L2 speaker in spontaneous production and in the grammaticality judgments task make different use of these linguistic units. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. THE CONTEXTUAL VARIETIES OF YOD: AN ATTEMPT AT SYSTEMATIZATION.
- Subjects
- *
LANGUAGE & languages , *COMPARATIVE grammar , *PALATALIZATION , *PHONETICS , *LINGUISTICS , *VOWELS , *LINGUISTIC context , *SPANISH language , *GRAMMAR - Abstract
The article presents a study on the systematization of the contextual varieties of yod, the glide in phonetic terms. This paper focuses on the development of the Spanish vowels giving emphasis on the vowels before the palatal glides and obstruents. It also focuses on the historical grammar that evolved into a confused chapter in historical grammar of the Hispano-Romance. The author attempts to point out significant issues on the major anomalies in the development by emphasizing on the well-established sounds to those that shift from the general pattern.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. On the reality of constructions: The Spanish reduplicative-topic construction.
- Author
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Valenzuela, Javier, Hilferty, Joseph, and Garachana, Mar
- Subjects
SPANISH language ,COMPARATIVE grammar ,GRAMMAR ,CONSTRUCTION grammar ,LINGUISTICS ,SEMANTICS - Abstract
In the present paper, we adduce further evidence for the reality of grammatical constructions by focusing on a highly idiosyncratic configuration from Spanish, which we call the reduplicative-topic construction. This construction is a productive syntactic pattern that functions as a “constructional hedge”. The grammatical behaviors of this construction cannot be captured by syntactocentric approaches to grammar. Instead, co-ocurring multiple constraints must be taken into account, including phonological (intonation and rhythm), morphosyntactic and semantic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
16. Language contact and Spanish aspectual expression: a formal analysis.
- Author
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Koontz-Garboden, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
SPANISH language , *LANGUAGE & languages , *LINGUISTICS , *LINGUISTIC typology , *LANGUAGE classification , *GRAMMAR , *GENERATIVE grammar - Abstract
This paper develops a generative analysis for a particular language contact phenomenon familiar in the variationist and language contact literature, namely indirect transfer [F. Klein, A quantitative study of syntactic and pragmatic indications of change in the Spanish of bilinguals in the U.S, in: W. Labov (Ed.), Locating Language in Time and Space, Academic Press, New York, 1980, p. 69; R. Mougeon, E. Beniak, Linguistic Consequences of Language Contact and Restriction: The Case of French in Ontario, OUP, Oxford, 1991; C. Silva-Corvalán, Language Contact and Change: Spanish in Los Angeles, OUP, Oxford, 1994]. This language contact effect, which is preferential rather than categorical, is difficult to deal with in traditional generative approaches, and has received no attention in this literature. My analysis focuses on Klein's study of synthetic/analytic verb forms used for the expression of progressive aspect in Spanish, where contact with English causes a skewing in the distribution of use of analytic forms in a bilingual variety compared to a similar monolingual variety. The analysis is carried out in a stochastic OT [P. Boersma, B. Hayes, Empirical tests of the Gradual Learning Algorithm. Linguistic Inquiry 32 (1) (2001) 45–86] framework, where I show that the indirect transfer effects observed by Klein can be captured by way of different ranking of a small set of OT constraints on a linear ranking scale. In addition to providing a model for the indirect transfer effects in Klein's study, my analysis also makes a typological prediction regarding morphosyntactic expression and Imperfective and Progressive verb forms: no language can have a synthetic Progressive and an analytic Imperfective. This prediction is supported by the absence of any such distribution in the surveys of Bybee et al. [The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994] or Dahl [Tense and Aspect Systems, Blackwell, Oxford, 1985]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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17. LAS PARTÍCULAS DE ALEJAMIENTO ESPAÑOLAS DE, ABS-, EX, DIS-, DES- Y DESDE: ESTRUCTURA SEMÁNTICA Y CAMPOS DE USO.
- Author
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MORERA, MARCIAL
- Subjects
- *
SPANISH language , *STRUCTURAL analysis (Linguistics) , *DISPLACEMENT (Linguistics) , *VERBS , *LINGUISTICS , *SEMANTICS - Abstract
The six particles dis–, ex–, abs–, de, des–and desde constitute the relational subsystem of the “movement of separation” with heterogeneous vitality and profitability in Spanish language. This paper analyzes the issue of invariant signification in each of those particles, the senses they develop in preverbal or compositional position and the degree of vitality they show in contemporary speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
18. La imagen metalingüística de ser y
- Author
-
Francisco Romo Simón
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Cognitive grammar ,Spanish language ,Grammar ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Interpretation (philosophy) ,Foreign language ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Visual language ,Presentation ,Psychology ,Cognitive linguistics ,media_common - Abstract
This paper analyzes the properties of the image as a tool for the description of grammar phenomena and peeks into its pedagogical potential through an application to the controverted dichotomy between ser and estar in Spanish. The use of visual language as a device for the analysis and presentation of grammar has been one of the Cognitive Linguistics’ most characteristic traits. Nevertheless, the application of this powerful tool in the Spanish Language classroom is still scant, despite the description potential that the experts grant to it. This paper shows an analysis of some approaches to ser and estar through Cognitive Grammar and the metalinguistic image, and proposes another possible interpretation based in those principles and aiming to be exportable to the Spanish as a Foreign Language classroom.
- Published
- 2015
19. LOS NEXOS DE LAS ESTRUCTURAS COMPARATIVAS PROPORCIONALES EN ESPAÑOL.
- Author
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MORERA, MARCIAL
- Subjects
- *
SPANISH language , *DISCOURSE analysis , *FRAMES (Linguistics) , *LINGUISTIC analysis , *ORAL communication , *SEMANTICS - Abstract
In the Spanish language, the "proportional correlation" is expressed by different syntactic forms depending on the type of discourse, the geographic areas, etc. This paper deals with the semantic-linguistic differences --in many cases, very large-- between these particular forms and the varied senses which they acquire in the speech uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
20. Analysis of grammar errors in written production of Spanish as a foreign language of the adult students whose mother tongue is Serbian
- Author
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Milica Djuricic
- Subjects
Spanish language ,Grammar ,media_common.quotation_subject ,First language ,Foreign language ,Plan (drawing) ,Linguistics ,language.human_language ,Philology ,language ,Production (computer science) ,Psychology ,Serbian ,media_common - Abstract
Taking into consideration the fact the method of error analysis gives significant data about the ways in which students adopt the given foreign language and which structures provoke difficulties during this process, in this paper, we want to study in which units should mostly be focused at, for the level B1 in Spanish. The paper shows results of the research which included thirty students of the second year of Spanish Language and Hispanic Literature at the Faculty of Philology in Belgrade. Errors were analysed at the corpus of thirty written papers. Special attention was directed to analysis of the grammar errors at the Morphology plan and written production, which is made by students of Spanish, whose mother tongue is Serbian. Results of the research have shown that some units neither although having been done at previous levels, were nor adopted and are not applied thoroughly, and this points at the fact that they require additional methodological attention, so that the given mistakes appear sometimes and at higher levels. Considering this, there are suggestions for treating grammatical errors in written papers of the students, which are stated in the end of the paper.
- Published
- 2014
21. THE ACQUISITION OF SPANISH MORPHOSYNTAX: THE L1/L2 CONNECTION.
- Author
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Thornhill, Dan
- Subjects
LANGUAGE acquisition ,SPANISH language ,GRAMMAR ,SYNTAX (Grammar) ,LINGUISTICS - Abstract
THE ACQUISITION OF SPANISH MORPHOSYNTAX: THE L1/L2 CONNECTION. Ana Teresa Pérez-Leroux and Juana Muñoz Liceras (Eds.). Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2002. Pp. xxiii + 247. $110.00 cloth, $50.00 paper. Since the middle 1980s, the study of the acquisition of Spanish has blossomed, becoming a diverse field in which new avenues for original research are still quite abundant. More specifically, this volume addresses examples of morphosyntactic optionality observed in the interlanguage grammars of Spanish language learners, both first language (L1) and second language (L2). Furthermore, it describes how morphology can trigger the acquisition of new syntactic knowledge. A major strength of the collection lies in the numerous and varied original contributions it makes to our knowledge of the acquisition of Spanish morphosyntax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Marcadores textuales de «ejemplificación» textual
- Author
-
Cristina Fernández Bernárdez
- Subjects
Lengua española ,Spanish language ,Grammar ,Point (typography) ,Entonación ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Theory of Forms ,Principal (computer security) ,Art ,Ejemplificación ,Functional description ,Linguistics ,Gramática del texto ,Exemplification ,Conectores ,Relaciones sintagmáticas ,Marcadores textuales ,Variantes gráficas ,Cohesión textual ,Function (engineering) ,media_common - Abstract
This paper presents an approach (from the point of view of the Text Grammar of Spanish language, i.e. the grammar that considers the text as the highest unity of analysis) to some particles that the Spanish grammatical tradition has hardly paid attention to. We talk about the expressions: por ejemplo, así, como, ejemplo, verbigracia, a saber and esto es, which we have named text markers of "exemplification", taking into account the textual function that they play or can play. Although we can find many other expressions that fulfil this function, the forms we have pointed out above are the only ones that are lexicalized and, therefore, susceptible to a grammatical study. The principal aim of the paper is to give a formal and functional description of the aforementioned markers in the grammatical system of Spanish language; in order to do that, we have analyzed a wide corpus of written and oral language.
- Published
- 1995
23. El papel de la gramática en los exámenes de Selectividad de Lengua castellana (1992-2017)
- Author
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Carlos Sánchez
- Subjects
Sintaxis ,Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar ,P101-410 ,Lengua española ,Grammar ,sintaxi ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Engineering ,examen ,Spanish language ,University entrance exam ,Baccalaureate ,Linguistics ,Examen ,llengua espanyola ,Bachillerato ,Selectivitat ,Selectividad ,Batxillerat ,gramàtica ,Syntax ,Psychology ,Gramática ,media_common - Abstract
El presente trabajo es un análisis de la evolución de los exámenes de lengua castellana de la denominada Selectividad (las actuales Pruebas de Acceso a la Universidad - PAU) durante veinticinco años (1992-2017), a partir de la propia experiencia como corrector durante todo este tiempo y como subcoordinador de la materia durante los últimos doce años (2006-2017). Para ello se analiza, principalmente, por un lado, tanto la presencia como el peso en la calificación global de los contenidos gramaticales, sobre todo los relacionados con la sintaxis, en las distintas partes de estos exámenes; y, por otro, su dificultad o, mejor dicho, los conocimientos que debería tener un estudiante de Bachillerato para poderlos manejar con total éxito. Del estudio realizado se desprende cómo los contenidos gramaticales en general, y en particular los de sintaxis, han ido perdiendo importancia progresivamente dentro de la tipología de la prueba durante todos estos años, mientras que los aspectos relacionados con el comentario de textos y con la lectura obligatoria de obras literarias la han ido ganando, como consecuencia directa de los diferentes cambios que han sufrido las leyes de educación que afectaban a la programación del Bachillerato. This article aims to offer an analysis of how the Spanish Language section of the national university entrance exam, the so-called PAU, has evolved over the last 25 years (1992-2017). It is based on the author's experience first as an exam reviewer and then, starting in 2006, as assistant coordinator of the Spanish exam. The author analyses, on the one hand, both the presence and the weight of grammar contents in the Spanish Language paper and, on the other hand, the knowledge that Baccalaureate students are expected to possess in order to pass with high marks. She concludes that the grammatical element of the exam-and in particular syntax-has become progressively less important in the PAU, while contents related to text commentary and prescriptive readings have increased their presence, due to the changes that the laws governing the teaching of Spanish have undergone.
- Published
- 2021
24. La norma ortográfica en el contexto de la historia de la lengua española
- Author
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Tibor Berta
- Subjects
History ,Spanish language ,Grammar ,Phonemic orthography ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social convention ,Middle Ages ,General Medicine ,Norm (social) ,Orthography ,Linguistics ,media_common - Abstract
The orthographic norm is one of the social conventions responsible for the homogeneity of the language that assures the mutual comprehensibility for the speakers by moderating the heterogeneity generated by the co-existence of diatopic, diastratic and diaphasic variants and overcoming the effects of the linguistic changes produced during the evolution of the language. Throughout the course of the history of the Spanish language, the claim for a phonemic orthography, based exclusively on the inventory of phonemes, arose several times but none of the proposals achieved considerable impact. In this paper, analysing the attitude of different works on grammar and orthography, we review how the set of components that determined the concept of orthography developed from the medieval period until the present day. We also examine the question why the phonemic orthography is a utopia, that is, an ideal pursued but not reached by the users of language.
- Published
- 2017
25. Multimodalidade e Letramento Visual na sala de aula de Língua Espanhola: análise de uma atividade de produção escrita
- Author
-
Michelle Soares Pinheiro
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Spanish language ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Letramento Visual ,Visual literacy ,Multimodalidade ,Language and Linguistics ,Multimodality ,Spanish Language ,lcsh:P1-1091 ,Visual Literacy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,medicine ,Texto Multimodal ,media_common ,Communication design ,Grammar ,Multimodal Text ,Art ,Linguistics ,lcsh:Philology. Linguistics ,Comprehension ,Língua Espanhola ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Language center - Abstract
Resumo: Este trabalho tem, por objetivo, analisar a multimodalidade e o letramento visual de alunos do curso de Espanhol do Núcleo de Línguas da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), ao ressignificarem um texto multimodal selecionado para a compreensão em produções escritas. O corpus coletado consiste de 18 (dezoito) textos escritos por alunos de língua espanhola e foi analisado à luz dos pressupostos teóricos da multimodalidade e do letramento visual de Kress e van Leeuwen (1996, 2006), no que diz respeito às metafunções e à análise da imagem, segundo a Gramática do Design Visual. Nesse sentido, almejamos mostrar como a produção dos textos pode revelar indícios de letramento visual dos alunos no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem nas aulas de Língua Espanhola. Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the multimodality and visual literacy of Spanish language students enrolled at the Language Center from the State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, by making meanings in written productions based on a selected multimodal text for comprehension. The corpus consists of eighteen texts written by students studying Spanish, and the texts were analyzed in the light of theoretical principles of multimodality and visual literacy theory proposed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (1996, 2006) regarding to metafunctions and image analysis, as set forth in The Grammar of Visual Design. In this regard, we intend to show how the production of texts may reveal signs of students' visual literacy in the contexts of teaching and learning in Spanish language classes.
- Published
- 2016
26. The refuge of a dying variant within the grammar: Patterns of change and continuity in the Spanish verbal periphrasishaber de + infinitive over the past two centuries
- Author
-
José Luis Blas Arroyo and Javier Vellón Lahoz
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,History ,comparative studies ,Grammar ,Language change ,media_common.quotation_subject ,corpus linguistics ,Spanish language ,Spanish ,Grammaticalization ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics ,Education ,Haber de/tener que + infinitive ,Variation (linguistics) ,Corpus linguistics ,grammar ,Infinitive ,Periphrasis ,Sociolinguistics ,sociolinguistics ,media_common - Abstract
Based on a corpus of ego-documents (private letters, diaries, memoirs) from the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, this paper presents a variationist comparative study to determine the fate of the modal periphrasishaber de + infinitive in the history of modern Spanish. Detailed analysis of the envelope of variation enables us to show that, despite an abrupt decline in the selection ofhaber derelative totener que, both ‘to have to’, grammatical environments that favor its use remain in the mid-20th century. Many of the factor groups and the hierarchy of constraints during this period are similar to those that operated in previous periods. Nevertheless, a generalized decrease in the explanatory power of these factor groups, as well as some divergent patterns within several of these groups are also observed, mainly as a result of the fact thathaber de + infinitive is increasingly relegated to some restricted areas of the grammar and lexicon. Based on these results, some theoretical implications for changing rates and constraints in language change and grammaticalization are discussed.
- Published
- 2015
27. Discourse Features of Written Mexican Spanish: Current Research in Contrastive Rhetoric and Its Implications
- Author
-
María Rosario Montaño-Harmon and Maria Rosario Montano-Harmon
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Vocabulary ,Spanish language ,Grammar ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Discourse analysis ,Contrastive rhetoric ,language.human_language ,Linguistics ,Education ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Mexican Spanish ,language ,Sociology ,Composition (language) ,Sentence ,media_common - Abstract
In the instruction of composition skills in both English and Spanish, teachers need to address language features at the text level, not just at the sentence level.1 Many times students may master the vocabulary and the grammar of a language and still be unable to produce acceptable compositions because of problems due to conflicting discourse patterns-that is, the organization and development of text via the logical arrangement of ideas. This paper will analyze discourse features of compositions written in Spanish by secondaryschool students in Mexico, will draw comparisons with those written in English by Anglo-American students in the United States, and will discuss the implications of the results of this research for teaching and evaluating composition skills in Spanish language programs.
- Published
- 1991
28. Trends in the Teaching of Grammar in Spanish Language Textbooks
- Author
-
Tracy D. Terrell
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Spanish language ,Higher education ,Grammar ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Communicative language teaching ,Language acquisition ,Linguistics ,Education ,Focus (linguistics) ,Language education ,Sociology ,business ,Natural language ,media_common - Abstract
teaching of a foreign language.1 With this focus on communication as a route for language learning has come a reevaluation of the role of grammar instruction. Most new textbooks now offer communication-focused activities as well as traditional giammar-focused exercises. Communication activities ask the student to convey information, ideas, opinions, to participate in a game, to role-play, or to hear and discuss information about the speakers of the target language. Grammar exercises offer the opportunity to hear and produce specific forms and structures of the target language. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a framework for describing methodological trends in current beginning level Spanish texts for colleges and universities.2 The framework consists of five parameters
- Published
- 1990
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