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The cooperative tracking control problem is investigated for the virtually coupled train set subject to gradient terrain and actuator saturation. This paper proposes an adaptive event-triggered cooperative tracking control scheme, where a distributed asynchronous event-triggered sampling is designed based on the relative states between adjacent trains. In addition, the unknown parameters of high-speed train system are estimated by the adaptive method. By the proposed control scheme, the velocity and position tracking errors between any adjacent trains are ultimately bounded while realizing on-demand interaction between trains. It is proved that the Zeno behavior can be excluded by quantitatively expressing the strictly positive minimum lower bound of the inter-event interval. Finally, a simulation of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the problem of rescheduling trains with speed management in uncertain disruptions that lead to temporary speed restrictions (TSRs) in high-speed railway systems. The disruption uncertainties are that the coverage and speed limit value of TSRs change randomly over time, and the start and end times of TSRs are unknown in advance. First, a mixed-integer linear programming model is formulated to reduce the total train traveling times and improve the passenger comfortability. The solutions of the model provide simultaneously the optimal train rescheduling strategies and train speed control strategies. Second, a rolling horizon algorithm is applied in consideration of the disruption uncertainties. The rolling horizon algorithm updates and solves the model in every time horizon, according to the disruption information newly detected. Therefore, the train rescheduling orders and speed control orders can be adjusted according to the real-time situation to guarantee effectiveness. The rolling horizon approach is terminated automatically once the disruption ends. Finally, based on the practical data of the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway line, numerical experiments are carried out to test the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on several papers on marine shrimp that were presented at the World Aquaculture 2002 held in Beijing, China. Findings of studies on white spot syndrome virus; Survival and weight gain of white shrimp; Effect of protein and energy levels on the growth performance of Indian white shrimp.

Purpose: The knowledge cloud links people and ideas while also providing worldwide resources for putting them into action. This paper aims to see how the knowledge cloud affects the stimulation of subordinate creativity. The impact of the knowledge cloud on transformational leadership and its impacts on subordinate creativity are examined in this investigation. Also, this study checks out the influence of knowledge cloud on motivational goal orientation and the impact of motivational goal orientation on subordinate creativity. It investigates the influence of knowledge cloud on self-efficacy and feelings of it on subordinate creativity. Moreover, this research examines the impact of the knowledge cloud on employee empowerment and its impact on subordinate creativity. Design/methodology/approach: Knowledge sharing is known as a human rationale for information. It promotes learning, human performance, decision-making and problem-solving at the job; thus, innovation and creativity need novel knowledge. Knowledge cloud is a knowledge source that provides a base for knowledge co-creation. This investigation explores the structural relationships among knowledge cloud, transformational leadership, motivational goal orientation, self-efficacy, employee empowerment and subordinate creativity. Here, a model is improved and experimentally examined based on the knowledge cloud, transformational leadership, motivational goal orientation, self-efficacy and employee empowerment to improve subordinate creativity using partial least squares (PLS) and data from car factories' employees in Beijing. Findings: The study results show that knowledge cloud, transformational leadership, motivational goal orientation, self-efficacy and employee empowerment are strongly related to subordinate creativity. In addition to using the Sobel test, all four variables' mediating role (transformational leadership, motivational goal orientation, self-efficacy and employee empowerment) is confirmed. Practical implications: A knowledge cloud can improve the stimulating subordinate creativity of employees through transformational leadership, motivational goal orientation, self-efficacy and employee empowerment. First, the human resources department must have some programs to improve the knowledge cloud's incentive. Second, creating an atmosphere of cooperation and trust among employees should enhance the knowledge cloud's effects. Originality/value: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that addresses the knowledge cloud's role in subordinate creativity in firms. This investigation also assists the creativity literature by testing the mediating effect of motivational goal orientation, transformational leadership, feelings of self-efficacy and employee empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The paper proposes a novel dynamic graph recurrent convolutional neural network model, named Dynamic-GRCNN, to deeply capture the spatio-temporal traffic flow features for more accurately predicting urban passenger traffic flows. • The paper presents incidence dynamic graph structures based on historically passenger traffic flows to model traffic station relationships. Different from existing traffic transportation network topological structures based graph relationships between stations, the incidence dynamic graph structures firstly model the traffic relationships from historical passenger flows. • For real urban passenger traffic flows, the paper demonstrates that dynamic spatial-temporal incidence graphs are more suitable to model external changes and influences. • The paper compares Dynamic-GRCNN with state-of-the-art deep learning approaches on three benchmark datasets which contain different types of passenger traffic flows for evaluation. The results show that Dynamic-GRCNN significantly outperforms all the baselines in both effectiveness and efficiency in urban passenger traffic flows prediction. Accurate and real-time traffic passenger flows forecasting at transportation hubs, such as subway/bus stations, is a practical application and of great significance for urban traffic planning, control, guidance, etc. Recently deep learning based methods are promised to learn the spatial-temporal features from high non-linearity and complexity of traffic flows. However, it is still very challenging to handle so much complex factors including the urban transportation network topological structures and the laws of traffic flows with spatial and temporal dependencies. Considering both the static hybrid urban transportation network structures and dynamic spatial-temporal relationships among stations from historical traffic passenger flows, a more effective and fine-grained spatial-temporal features learning framework is necessary. In this paper, we propose a novel spatial-temporal incidence dynamic graph neural networks framework for urban traffic passenger flows prediction. We first model dynamic traffic station relationships over time as spatial-temporal incidence dynamic graph structures based on historically traffic passenger flows. Then we design a novel dynamic graph recurrent convolutional neural network, namely Dynamic-GRCNN, to learn the spatial-temporal features representation for urban transportation network topological structures and transportation hubs. To fully utilize the historical passenger flows, we sample the short-term, medium-term and long-term historical traffic data in training, which can capture the periodicity and trend of the traffic passenger flows at different stations. We conduct extensive experiments on different types of traffic passenger flows datasets including subway, taxi and bus flows in Beijing. The results show that the proposed Dynamic-GRCNN effectively captures comprehensive spatial-temporal correlations significantly and outperforms both traditional and deep learning based urban traffic passenger flows prediction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-precision short-term inbound passenger flow prediction is of great significance to the daily crowd management and line rescheduling in urban rail systems. Although current models have been applied to prediction, most methods need optimization to meet refined passenger flow management demand. In order to better predict the passenger flow, a novel Wave-LSTM model, based on long short-term memory network (LSTM) and wavelet, is introduced in this paper. In an empirical study with practical passenger flow data of Dongzhimen Station in the Beijing Subway system, the hybrid model exhibited more effective performance in terms of prediction accuracy than the existing algorithms, e.g., autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), nonlinear regression (NAR), and traditional LSTM model. The study illustrates that our newly adopted model is a promising approach for predicting high-precision short-term inbound passenger flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the deterioration of China's external environment in general, and its escalating tensions with the United States in particular, the Chinese government has readjusted its economic development strategy. As delineated in Beijing's 14th Five-Year Plan, which was unveiled in mid-March of this year, China will invest in efforts designed to strengthen its economic security and better protect its economy from external economic threats. These initiatives include science and technology self-sufficiency, secure supply chains in its manufacturing economy, growth sustained by domestic demand, and food and energy security. Although these efforts seem attractive on paper, China will likely encounter immense challenges in trying to implement its new development strategy. Chinese leaders may have underestimated the potential costs of strengthening national security at the expense of global integration. Beijing's disappointing records in executing industrial policy and rebalancing its economy also raise doubts whether it will be able to meet its ambitious goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern scientific applications, more and more data sets contain natural matrix predictors and traditional regression methods are not directly applicable. Matrix regression has been adapted to such data structure and received increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we consider estimation of the conditional quantile in high-dimensional regularized matrix regression with a nuclear norm penalty and establish the convergence rate of the estimator. In order to construct a quantile matrix regression estimator in the distributed setting or for massive data sets, we propose a regularized communication-efficient surrogate loss (CSL) function. The proposed CSL method only needs the worker machines to compute the gradient based on local data and the central machine solves a regularized estimation problem. We prove that the estimation error based on the proposed CSL method matches the estimation error bound of the centralized method that analyzes the entire data set. An alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is developed to efficiently obtain the distributed CSL estimator. The finite-sample performance of the proposed estimator is studied through simulations and an application to Beijing Air Quality data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As extensions of vector data with ultrahigh dimensionality and complex structures, matrix data are fast emerging in a large variety of scientific applications. In this paper, we consider the matrix regression with streaming data and propose two-stage online regularized estimators with nuclear norm (NN) and adaptive nuclear norm (ANN) penalties, respectively. In the first stage, an equivalent form of offline matrix regression loss function using current raw data and summary statistics from historical data is established. In the second stage, gradient descent algorithm and soft thresholding methods are implemented iteratively to obtain the proposed online NN and ANN estimators. We establish the asymptotic properties of the resulting online regularized estimators and show the rank selection consistency for the online ANN estimator. The finite-sample performance of the proposed estimators is studied through simulations and an application to Beijing Air Quality data set. • We consider the matrix regression with streaming data. • We establish the asymptotic properties and rank selection consistency. • The finite-sample performance of the proposed estimators is studied through simulations. • A real example on Beijing Air Quality data set is provided to show the performance of the proposed estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GPS and IC card data are used to simulate the time-dependent travel time and passenger demand. • An improved passenger selection model is proposed by introducing a preference coefficient. • A working hours constraint is first formulated in bus timetabling problem. • The model is transformed into an integer linear program, followed by a model contraction approach. • A two-stage solution method is proposed for large-scale bus timetabling problems. Bus lines are suffering from serious decline in passenger volume due to the rapid development of urban rail transit and shared transport, and big data intelligence may help them change the status quo. However, the tremendous amount of travel data collected in recent years have not got effectively utilization. In order to improve passenger volume for bus lines, this paper devotes to develop a data-driven bus timetable to substitute the existing experience-based bus timetable, which is now widely used by bus lines. Driven by the bus GPS data and IC card data, a timetable optimization model with time-dependent passenger demand and travel time among stops is proposed. The objective of maximizing passenger volume is based on a new preference-based passenger selection model. The working hours constraint is initially formulated, and the headway constraint and departure time constraints are also taken into account. For handling the step functions in both objective and constraints, we introduce a set of 0–1 variables to transform the proposed model into an integer linear programming. A model contraction approach is provided for solving the medium-scale problems and a two-stage solution method is proposed for the large-scale problems. The proposed model and methodology are tested on a real-world bus line in Beijing. The results show that it is able to produce a satisfactory timetable that outperforms the previously used experience-based one in terms of raising the average passenger volume by 8.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel model-free adaptive control (MFAC) algorithm based on a dual successive projection (DuSP)-MFAC method is proposed, and it is analyzed using the introduced DuSP method and the symmetrically similar structures of the controller and its parameter estimator of MFAC. Then, the proposed DuSP-MFAC scheme is successfully implemented in an autonomous car “Ruilong” for the lateral tracking control problem via converting the trajectory tracking problem into a stabilization problem by using the proposed preview-deviation-yaw angle. This MFAC-based lateral tracking control method was tested and demonstrated satisfactory performance on real roads in Fengtai, Beijing, China, and through successful participation in the Chinese Smart Car Future Challenge Competition held in 2015 and 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the urban water issue has attracted great attention from government. The transition from 'engineering measures' to 'human behaviors' is a new angle for water resources protection in the new era. In this paper, 12 characterization parameters were obtained based on the analysis of characteristics of residents' water behaviors. Beijing and Shanghai are selected as the representative cities in the north and south regions respectively, and a questionnaire about residents' water behaviors, which includes three basic personal characteristics and 12 indicators, was prepared. By using a structural equation model, a comparative study on the differences of the impact paths of characterization parameters of residents' water behavior in two cities was discussed. Finally, suggestions are proposed on the basis of the evaluation model and the results of analysis. The results showed that: Beijing had similar impacting paths in Ecological Water Environment management behaviors and persuasive behaviors to Shanghai. There were obvious differences in residents' water behaviors impact paths by basic individual characteristics, consuming behaviors and legal behaviors in Beijing and Shanghai. Finally, suggestions are proposed on the basis of the evaluation model and the results of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating and improving water use efficiency is considered one of the main ways of tackling water shortage challenges in water-scarce cities. A useful indicator for evaluating industrial water use efficiency is the relative water use efficiency (RWUE). In this paper, an industrial RWUE evaluation scheme is proposed based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) theory. In this scheme, the RWUE is divided into overall efficiency (OE), pure technical efficiency (PTE), and scale efficiency (SE). In order to help decision-makers specify the focal industry of efficiency improvement, direct water use is distinguished from indirect water use. By employing this industrial RWUE evaluation scheme, this research calculated the industrial RWUEs for 25 representative industries of Beijing (1990-2010). Results show that the OE, PTE, and SE of Beijing have improved significantly. In the primary industry, the scale adjustment fundamentally lifted OE. For the secondary industries, there still exists much room for water use efficiency improvement in technical innovation. Some emerging tertiary industries replaced traditional tertiary industries as the most efficient water users. This study serves as a valuable reference for the implementation of the Strictest Administration of Water Resources (SAWR) of China, and provides policymakers worldwide with a useful framework of understating industrial water use efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to accurately simulate and predict the daily extreme temperature in Beijing Reservoir and the monthly extreme temperature in Tianjin Reservoir using wavelet refined rank set pair analysis (WRRSPA). Design/methodology/approach – The new method, called WRRSPA, which combines wavelet analysis and refined rank set pair analysis (RRSPA), was proposed for use in this study because of the non-linear and multi-time scale characteristics of the temperature series. The model includes the advantages of the multi-resolution feature of wavelet analysis and the non-parametric data-driven prediction from refined rank set air analysis. Findings – Based on the daily extreme temperature of Beijing Reservoir, the predictions of the last 18 days reveal that WRRSPA is more appropriate because the percentage of the relative errors that are smaller than 10 percent increased from 78 percent by Back Propagation (BP) and 78 percent by RRSPA to 100 percent by WRRSPA in Beijing Reservoir. In addition, WRRSPA has lower values of root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) and a higher coefficient of efficiency (modified coefficient of efficiency (MCE)). The last 12 monthly extreme temperature predictions of Tianjin Reservoir demonstrate that WRRSPA produces prediction results: the percentage of relative errors that are smaller than 10 percent are improved from 34 percent by BP and 58 percent by RRSPA to 67 percent by WRRSPA. In addition, WRRSPA also has lower values of RMSE and MAE and a higher coefficient of efficiency (MCE). Research limitations/implications – The analysis results ignore the physical processes and may be affected by the limited observation data. In addition, the WRRSPA method is still in its early stages of application and must be further tested. Practical implications – The results of the study are helpful for the study of the complex features and accurate prediction of temperature series. Social implications – This paper contributes to further the process of research of climate change. Originality/value – This study represents the first use of the WRRSPA method to analyze the multi-scale characteristics and forecast the future values of the extreme temperature series from Beijing Reservoir and Tianjin Reservoir. This paper provides an important theoretical support for extreme temperature prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the Beijing TV producer of the report "Paper-Stuffed Dumplings" has been detained after the Beijing Food Security Office claimed that they found no paper-stuff dumplings. The issue originated in July 2007 when Beijing TV life channel (BTV-7) reported about "Paper-Stuffing Dumplings" in its special program "Transparency." This was followed by another program which was rebroadcasted on many TV stations and was in newspapers across China. The news along with the information on price hike on pork attracted attention abroad.

The article reports on the plan of exiled Chinese protesters to launch a series of campaigns, including the release of a white paper, to demand that China apologize for the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre. It comes before the 20th anniversary of the bloody crackdown on student dissidents on June 4, 1989. Protesters include Wuer Kaixi and Wang Dan, student leaders in the 1989 democracy movement.

As extensions of vector and matrix data with ultrahigh dimensionality and complex structures, tensor data are fast emerging in a large variety of scientific applications. In this paper, a two-stage estimation procedure for linear tensor quantile regression (QR) with longitudinal data is proposed. In the first stage, we account for within-subject correlations by using the generalized estimating equations and then impose a low-rank assumption on tensor coefficients to reduce the number of parameters by a canonical polyadic decomposition. To avoid the asymptotic analysis and computation problems caused by the non-smooth QR score function, kernel smoothing method is applied in the second stage to construct the smoothed tensor QR estimator. When the number of rank is given, a block-relaxation algorithm is proposed to estimate the regression coefficients. A modified BIC is applied to estimate the number of rank in practice and show the rank selection consistency. Further, a regularized estimator and its algorithm are investigated for better interpretation and efficiency. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. Simulation studies and a real example on Beijing Air Quality data set are provided to show the performance of the proposed estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nine papers in this special section consists of expanded versions of papers presented at the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, held in Beijing, China, in May 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An integrated ecological evaluation of the Beijing economy was presented in the paper based on the emergy accounting with the data in 2004. Through calculating environmental and economic inputs within and outside the Beijing economy, this paper discusses the Beijing’s resource structure, economic situation and trade status based on a series of emergy indicators. Through the comparison of the systematic indicators of Beijing with those of the selected Chinese cities, the general status of the Beijing economy in China is identified. The results also show that most indicators of Beijing are located at middle levels among the selected Chinese cities. Particularly, the environmental impacts, expressed by the ratio of waste to the renewable emergy, and the ratio of waste to the total emergy use, are 84.2 and 0.26, respectively in Beijing in 2004, which indicate that the Beijing economy is greatly reliant on the imported intensive fuels, goods and services with high empower density and environmental loading. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The author comments on the findings of a survey conducted by the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Statistics regarding the average monthly wage of city employees in 2008. It revealed that the average age of these employees reached 3,726 yuan or a 12% increase as compared to 2007. The author reveals the findings of an online survey stating that 74.2% noted that their incomes were below the local average. He thinks that the bureau's claim indicates the fact that ordinary people enjoy a rich life only in terms of statistics.

The article focuses on the piece of paper team, an environmental protection group organized by Yuan Rishe, a middle-school student, that advocated using both sides of a piece of paper. The members of the group also collected and sold used paper to raise money for tree planting. The student presented 2008 trees to the Beijing Olympic Committee on March 12, 2007, the 23rd Tree-planting Day in Beijing, China, as a gift and called them Young Pioneer Woods. It cites that her story calls for everybody's participation in saving energy.

Energy consumption and water use are inextricably linked. Combining research on energy consumption and water use in an urban context provides a scientific basis for the integrated planning of energy and water supply systems. Domestic energy and water are among the most consumed resources in urban environments. Furthermore, domestic resources represent an increasing proportion of the total resources consumed. This paper explores four key indicators of urban energy consumption (UEC) and water use in Beijing and Shanghai for the period of 2000 to 2011. Using correlation analysis, this study establishes the intrinsic relationship between UEC and water use. It also offers an analysis of the consumption trends of these two resources as well as their interactive relationship. The results show that urban domestic energy consumption (UDEC) and water use have a significant linear correlation: UDEC is positively correlated with water use, and the correlation coefficients of Beijing and Shanghai are 0.81 and 0.97, respectively. In Beijing, urban domestic energy and water use per capita are negatively correlated, with the high correlation coefficient of 0.93. In Shanghai, urban domestic energy and water use per capita are positively correlated, with the correlation coefficient of 0.90. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well recognized that climatic variability and human activities are resulting in severe water scarcity in China, especially in the mega city Beijing; one important issue is how to manage water resources in order to tackle this situation. This paper assesses the implementation of the Strictest Administration of Water Resources in Beijing, which was issued by the State Council of China in 2012. The assessment is threefold: (a) analysis of water consumption conditions in Beijing, (b) analysis of water resources management systems in Beijing, and (c) existing problems in the current water management system. Our study suggests that Beijing needs to focus more on improving the building of water resources management agencies, taking effective economic measures, strengthening law construction, developing advanced techniques for water-saving, and strengthening the building of a water-saving culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: For urban economies, an ecological endowment embodiment analysis has to be supported by endowment intensities at both the international and domestic scales to reflect the international and domestic imports of increasing importance. A three-scale input–output modeling for an urban economy to give nine categories of embodiment fluxes is presented in this paper by a case study on the carbon dioxide emissions by the Beijing economy in 2007, based on the carbon intensities for the average world and national economies. The total direct emissions are estimated at 1.03E+08t, in which 91.61% is energy-related emissions. By the modeling, emissions embodied in fixed capital formation amount to 7.20E+07t, emissions embodied in household consumption are 1.58 times those in government consumption, and emissions in gross capital formation are 14.93% more than those in gross consumption. As a net exporter of carbon emissions, Beijing exports 5.21E+08t carbon embodied in foreign imported commodities and 1.06E+08t in domestic imported commodities, while emissions embodied in foreign and domestic imported commodities are 3.34E+07 and 1.75E+08t respectively. The algorithm presented in this study is applicable to the embodiment analysis of other environmental resources for regional economies characteristic of multi-scales. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ecological systems modelling based on the unified biophysical measure of cosmic emergy in terms of embodied cosmic exergy is illustrated in this paper with ecological accounting, simulation and scenario analysis, by a case study for the regional socio-economic ecosystem associated with the municipality of Beijing. An urbanized regional ecosystem model with eight subsystems of natural support, agriculture, urban production, population, finance, land area, potential environmental impact, and culture is representatively presented in exergy circuit language with 12 state variables governing by corresponding ecodynamic equations, and 60 flows and auxiliary variables. To characterize the regional socio-economy as an ecosystem, a series of ecological indicators based on cosmic emergy are devised. For a systematic ecological account, cosmic exergy transformities are provided for various dimensions including climate flows, natural resources, industrial products, cultural products, population with educational hierarchy, and environmental emissions. For the urban ecosystem of Beijing in the period from 1990 to 2005, ecological accounting is carried out and characterized in full details. Taking 2000 as the starting point, systems modelling is realized to predict the urban evolution in a one hundred time horizon. For systems regulation, scenario analyses with essential policy-making implications are made to illustrate the long term systems effects of the expected water diversion and rise in energy price. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Within a Collaboration Agreement between INFN and CAS (Chinese Academy of Science), the ARGO-YBJ experiment is completely installed and has been in stable data taking since November 2007 at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l.). In this paper we report a few selected results in γ-ray Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ecological treatment engineering has been widely accepted as an artificially designed work to deal with the deteriorating ecological environment with low energy and resource consumption. To measure the energy and resource consumption and environmental support contained in the constructed wetland as a kind of ecological treatment engineering, emergy as embodied solar energy based assessment is performed and relative emergy-based indices including emergy yield ratio (EYR), emergy load ratio (ELR), emergy sustainability index (ESI), net economic benefit index (Np), and renewable percentage index (Pr), are also modified to evaluate the local sustainability of the constructed wetland in this paper. A case study on Longdao River constructed wetland compared with those of some earlier conventional treatment systems indicate that more local renewable resources and less ecological cost are involved, thus promoting the economic benefit due to less energy and resource consumption and simultaneously lowering the environmental stress of the treatment system on the local areas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Presented in this paper is an integrated cost and efficiency analysis of a pilot vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetland (CW) built up in 2004 near the Longdao River in Beijing, China. The CW has been monitored over one year and proved to be a good solution to treat the polluted water and restored the ecosystem health of the Longdao River. The modified CW system in accordance with local conditions costs less in construction, operation and maintenance than traditional wastewater treatment system and occupies less land than conventional CW. Also, derived from the efficiency analysis, the Longdao River CW provides better elimination effects for nutrient substances in the polluted river water and has stable performances in cold seasons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Information about several papers discussed at a conference on the need for the development of agricultural and rural areas in China, which was conducted in Beijing on December 2005 is presented. The economy in the country can be developed in the right direction if problems relating to agriculture, rural areas and the farmers have been solved properly. The conference was attended by Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and Vice-Premier Huang Ju. INSET: OVERPOPULATION: A MAIN CAUSE OF RURAL POVERTY.

The article discusses the cleanup campaign of Chinese government in the city of Beijing that includes demolitions of illegal structures made by building walls and digging holes, aimed at driving out as many of the city's incomers as possible. It mentions that the campaign leaves a new level of legitimacy for shop owners to save their businesses, that is the right papers in the right zone, including personal residence permit listed in the right city. Other topics mentioned include Beijing's nominal population, the impact of breaking small businesses on the poor, and government's promises to control migration and to prevent peasants from using hospitals and schools of metropolises.

The article reports that North Korea has submitted a paper on its nuclear activities to the head of the Chinese delegation Chinese Deputy Foreign Minister Wu Dawei, at the six-party talks on the Korean nuclear problem in Beijing. The state has disclosed its nuclear programs for material aid in the form of fuel oil supplies and for an easing of international sanctions. Furthermore, Wu Dawei states that a monitoring mechanism will be established to ensure the commitments of both parties.

The article offers brief information on the Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers World Congress on Computational Intelligence (IEEE WCCI) technical event to be held in Beijing, China from July 6-11, 2014, and invites papers, tutorials and special sesion proposals for the event.

The article discusses the highlights of the Symposium on China's Peaceful Development, held in Beijing, China on September 15, 2011. The symposium has gathered 200 officials and scholars who discussed the country's future development path. It was held after the State Council Information Office has released a white paper, titled China's Peaceful Development. According to Chinese Councilor Dai Bingguo, China's peaceful development is not a challenge, but an opportunity, to the rest of the world.

In the far west of Beijing, in a neighborhood called Apple Orchard, there is a small concrete bunker with a green sign at its mouth that says, ''Air-Defense Basement.'' Down three flights of stairs into a tunnel lighted only by the occasional fluorescent bulb, the air gets cold and musty, and as you walk through here, it's impossible not to think that hideous things could happen without anyone ever knowing. Eventually you come upon a doorway with a white air-lock portal, which opens onto another corridor that splits off in two directions. At the end of one branch, there is a metal door framed by red paper banners, one of which reads, ''May good things you want to happen come to pass.'' This is where Wang Xiuli lives with her husband and 16-year-old son, in two rooms that together add up to about 215 square feet, one of the largest apartments available in this warren of tunnels. Thick pipes protrude from the ceiling, and a window in the front room opens onto nowhere, just another gray tunnel wall beyond it. A blue plastic table and bright pink, orange and green chairs, meant as a play set for children, serve as the family's dining table. There is no heating, and the day I visited, Wang's husband, who works as a deliveryman for a hip clothing company called Vancl, lay sick in bed. The ruddy-cheeked Wang herself stood bundled in a red down jacket, stuffing plastic bottles into a clear trash bag. A full bag, sold to a recycler, could fetch about 40 cents. Her son stood by watching. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on the All Artisans Shop museum in Beijing, China. The museum gathers more than 100 folk art masters who have set up workshops to both make art and cultivate students. According to the article, museum visitors can see demonstrations of the skills needed for making glass and baccaro teapots, Beijing embroidery and paper cuttings. It also features several artists, including Zhao Caixuan, a fifth-generation hand-torn artist.

The article discusses the highlights of the International Academic Conference on Underground Space held on November 18-19, 2006 in Beijing, China, organized by the China Civil Engineering Society (CCES), Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering (CSRME) and Urban Planning Society of China (UPSC). The conferences features academic paper communication, an exhibition on urban underground space planning, and an exhibition on examples of large urban underground spaces.

Reports that visitors hang pieces of paper, on which they write down their wishes, on the big Christmas trees erected in the Xidan business pedestrian in Beijing, China.

Features Wang Chengfeng, chief resident physician of the Beijing, China-based Cancer Hospital. Career background; Achievements in the field of diagnosis and treatment of cancer; Papers published by Wang.

Highlights the 16th World Computer Congress in Beijing, China. Statement of Chinese President Jiang Zemin on the importance of information technology (IT) to China's economic development; Number of IT experts participating in the conference; Volume of research papers submitted and discussed.

The article reports on the completion of a giant mural project that was started by environmentalist Wyland. In a lead-up to the 2008 Olympics, the artist finally completed the undertaking at the International Stadium in Beijing, China, in July 2008. Children from around the world, as well as Chinese environmental artist Xikun Yuan, helped Wyland create a Great Wall of China with life-size canvas segments representing endangered and threatened marine wildlife from 191 nations. It also features several products in the Golden Open line.

The article highlights the Olympics opening ceremony at the National Stadium in Beijing, China on August 8, 2008. One of the most stunning performances was the demonstration of printing. A huge scroll painting, which represented the ancient invention of papermaking, was rolled open at the center of the stadium. Gunpowder was represented in the event by the fireworks displays.

In this article the author describes the difficulties she associated with her move to Beijing to set up a bureau for Great Britain's "Channel 4 News." She is required to adopt a Chinese name, corresponding phonetically to her English one, and explains the problems of buying a "chop" or rubber stamp inscribed with Chinese characters representing her company. She rents an apartment in the diplomatic quarter of the city.

The article deals with the use of cutting-edge technology in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China. Yu Jianping, head of the technology group for the opening ceremony, relates that advanced technologies were employed for the ceremony, including materials for spaceships. It describes how light-emitting diode screens were used in the ceremony. It discusses the Chinese cultural elements utilized in the opening ceremony such as papermaking and movable type printing.