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The primary aim of this research was to explore the feasibility of producing environmentally friendly composite materials by employing diverse hybrid matrices consisting of dammar natural resin, supplemented with small proportions of two synthetic resins: one epoxy and the other acrylic. A blend of paper and chicken feathers served as the reinforcing elements. The fabrication of these composite materials utilized a hand layup technique. Targeted for applications in the furniture industry or interior design, their mechanical properties were assessed through various tests. Specimens were obtained from the manufactured samples and subjected to evaluations for tensile strength, compression, flexure, vibrations, Shore hardness, and water absorption. Results indicated that irrespective of the testing method employed, the mechanical strength properties exhibited a decline with an increase in the percentage of dammar in the hybrid resins, whereas the elasticity properties demonstrated an increase with this percentage.

Recycling leather waste, which accumulates in large quantities in tanneries, and producing packaging paper with improved properties reduces the environmental burden and is at the same time economically efficient. A modified fibrous mass of waste from tanned and untanned leather scraps, waste paper, and acrylic emulsion was obtained and packaging paper based on them was produced. Alkaline modification of tanned leather waste - chrome shavings - leads to an increase in the electrokinetic potential and, accordingly, the stability of the fibrous suspension, partial hydrolysis of skin collagen occurs with the formation of new polar groups, and at the same time, the degree of cross-linking of the skin increases. In the paper composition, new intermolecular bonds are formed between cellulose and skin collagen. The microstructure, elemental composition, morphology, thermal and physical-mechanical properties of modified chrome shavings and composite paper were determined. A significant improvement has been achieved in the main parameters of paper: surface density (decrease by 16-25%), breaking load and breaking length (increase by 15-23%), number of double bends (increase by 2-6 times) in comparison with paper obtained from pure waste paper, and also to a greater extent compared to paper obtained from unmodified leather waste.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the eclectic artist Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo patented two innovative methods for polychrome printing on fabrics and textiles, giving life to Fortuny fabric production in Venice. The first patent was related to colour application, while the second to a special machine that allows continuous printing using cylindrical rollers. Despite the descriptions, the methodology and materials used remain a secret. In collaboration with the Fortuny Museum in Venice, this research aimed at studying and identifying the different steps of Fortuny printing methodologies. Printing matrices, fabrics and raw materials found in the artist’s studio were analysed in a multi-analytical campaign through digital microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), μ-Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Three main pigments were identified in paper samples: ivory black, a copper-based pigment, and a carbon black pigment with ultramarine for blues. The pigments were bound with linseed oil and colophony in varying proportions. Polychrome silk fabrics were dyed with a base colour, and then the coloured patterns were superimposed by continuous printing. Prussian blue was identified as one of the textile inks. Results provided a better understanding of printing methodology.

Paper manufacturers have long used silicone as the coating agent for release liners. However, silicone‐based release paper is very difficult to recycle due to covalent bonds between silicone and fibers. The most suitable solution to overcome this problem is to use alternative coating materials with adequate release properties, provided that they can be easily repulped in typical paper recycling facilities. We proposed a coating agent composed of phosphate esters and dimethylacetamide in order to manufacture a recyclable and efficient release paper. Analyses carried out on coated sheets showed that phosphate esters allowed the formation of a surface with adequate release properties (low peeling force and surface free energy). In addition, the residual adhesion values obtained with phosphate esters confirmed that they are well anchored on the backing paper surface, thus limiting the mass transfer to the adhesive tape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research work, a coated paper was prepared with poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) film to explore its use in eco-friendly food packaging. The paper was coated with PBAT film for packaging using hot pressing, a production method currently employed in the packaging industry. The coated papers were evaluated for their structural, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. The structural morphology and chemical analysis of the coated paper confirmed the consistent formation of PBAT bi-layered on paper surfaces. Surface coating with PBAT film increased the water resistance of the paper samples, as demonstrated by tests of barrier characteristics, including the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), oxygen transmission rate (OTR), and water contact angle (WCA) of water drops. The transmission rate of the clean paper was 2010.40 cc m−2 per 24 h for OTR and 110.24 g m−2 per 24 h for WVTR. If the PBAT-film was coated, the value decreased to 91.79 g m−2 per 24 h and 992.86 cc m−2 per 24 h. The hydrophobic nature of PBAT, confirmed by WCA measurements, contributed to the enhanced water resistance of PBAT-coated paper. This result presents an improved PBAT-coated paper material, eliminating the need for adhesives and allowing for the fabrication of bi-layered packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitosan (Cht) have been studied extensively for oxygen and water vapour barrier coatings in biodegradable, compostable or recyclable paper packaging. However, rare studies have been performed by using scalable, inexpensive, and fast continuous slot-die coating processes, and none yet in combination with fast' and high-throughput near-infrared (NIR) light energy drying. In this frame, we studied the feasibility of a moderately concentrated (11 wt%) anionic CNC and (2 wt%) cationic Cht coating (both containing 20 wt% sorbitol related to the weight of CNC/Cht), by using plain and pigment pre-treated papers. The effect of coating parameters (injection speed, dry thickness settings) were investigated on coating quantity (dry weight, thickness) and homogeneity (coverage), papers' structure (thickness, grammage, density), whiteness, surface wettability, barrier (air, oxygen and water vapour) properties and adhesion (surface strength). The coating homogeneity was dependent primarily on the suspensions' viscosity, and secondarily on the applied coating parameters, whereby CNCs could be applied at 1–2 times higher injection speeds (up to 80 mL/min) and versatile coating weights, but required a relatively longer time to dry. The CNCs thus exhibited outstanding air (4.2–1.5 nm/Pa s) and oxygen (2.7–1.1 cm3 mm/m2 d kPa) barrier performance at 50% RH and 22–33 g/m2 deposition, whereas on top deposited Cht (3–4 g/m2) reduced its wetting time and improved the water vapour barrier (0.23–0.28 g mm/m2 d Pa). The balanced barrier properties were achieved due to the polar characteristic of CNCs, the hydrophobic nature of Cht and the quantity of the applied bilayer coating that can provide sustainable paper-based packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a history and stylistic analysis of the avant-garde furnished apartment-studio of the Italian Futurist Giacomo Balla (1871-1958), commonly known as Casa Balla. The decor and the painterly interior design of the flat portray the utopian premise of 1920s Futurism, which aimed at a modern synthesis of the arts and their complete integration into reality, in an intimate way. The author of the essay describes the current state of the "Balla House", which, after many years of oblivion, has been restored and opened to the public in a new arrangement in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the beginning of the 20th century, the eclectic artist Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo patented two innovative methods for polychrome printing on fabrics and textiles, giving life to Fortuny fabric production in Venice. The first patent was related to colour application, while the second to a special machine that allows continuous printing using cylindrical rollers. Despite the descriptions, the methodology and materials used remain a secret. In collaboration with the Fortuny Museum in Venice, this research aimed at studying and identifying the different steps of Fortuny printing methodologies. Printing matrices, fabrics and raw materials found in the artist's studio were analysed in a multi-analytical campaign through digital microscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), μ-Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Three main pigments were identified in paper samples: ivory black, a copper-based pigment, and a carbon black pigment with ultramarine for blues. The pigments were bound with linseed oil and colophony in varying proportions. Polychrome silk fabrics were dyed with a base colour, and then the coloured patterns were superimposed by continuous printing. Prussian blue was identified as one of the textile inks. Results provided a better understanding of printing methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately assessing the color quality of printed products becomes intricate when optical brightening agents (OBAs) are introduced in papers, as diverse interactions occur among different ink pigments and papers containing OBAs due to variations in ink formulation chemistries. Specifically, alkali‐based pigments, commonly used as spot colors, are carefully formulated to ensure consistency across production batches. The presence of OBAs, which absorb ultraviolet light and emit it in the visible spectrum, significantly affects color perception and accuracy on paper when interacting with these inks. This research marks an initial investigation into how OBAs in paper influence the color accuracy of five distinct alkali‐based spot color paste inks using a Little Joe ink proofer. The research examines the physical, optical, and colorimetric characteristics of two paper samples‐one with OBA and one without‐ and analyzes the colorimetric changes occurring during the ink drying process. The results indicate that reflex blue, purple, and violet spot colors achieved acceptable delta E (ΔE00) value of below 3 on non‐OBA paper, with rubine red being on the borderline at 3.1 after 48 h. In contrast, purple, rhodamine red and violet achieved acceptable ΔE00 below 3 on high OBA paper. The distinct behavior exhibited by certain inks led to the conclusion that achieving a consistent proofing procedure across diverse alkali‐based ink formulations is impractical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorylated fibers offer a broad range of applications, particularly in thermal insulation, notably with wood fibers, provided they exhibit improved mechanical characteristics. Despite encountering challenges in applying traditional papermaking methods, the creation of paper or board sheets with phosphorylated pulp fibers remains a challenge. Findings suggest that phosphorylation-modified fibers show increased roughness. Moreover, in comparison with unbeaten kraft sheets (KF) and thermomechanical pulp sheets (TMP), those made from phosphorylated kraft fibers (PKF), using a cationic coagulant and a flocculant, demonstrate significant enhancements in burst index, break index, and tensile energy absorption by 2.12 times, 1.7 times, and 2.77 times, respectively. Similarly, phosphorylated TMP sheets, prepared with a dual polymeric system (coagulant/flocculant), exhibit improvements of 1.42 times, 1.33 times, and 1.82 times, respectively, in these properties. The study emphasizes the ameliorating effect of cationic polymeric agents on the charge impact of phosphorylated fibers on overall sheet quality, while also highlighting the substantial influence of hot-pressing lignin-containing paper on all determined physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing paper hydrophobicity is of key importance for many paper-based applications. Fatty acids or vegetable oils and their derivatives replace environmentally harmful conventional coating materials but still require challenging chemical reactions for covalent attachment onto paper. Here, we show that simple storage of olive oil-coated cotton linter paper at 70 °C and subsequent Soxhlet extraction is able to endow paper with hydrophobic properties, reaching water contact angles above 130°. In-depth chemical and morphological analytics show the relevance of temperature and air accessibility during the aging process compared with aging at ambient temperature and under the exclusion of oxygen, underlining the importance of assessing a coating's long-term performance and stability under diverse storage conditions. Simple storage of vegetable oil-coated paper at elevated temperatures followed by extraction proves to be an easy way to produce stable covalently attached hydrophobic paper coatings with exceptionally low coating amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and small-scale energy storage technologies are critical for future applications such as wearable electronics. In this context, paper has emerged as a lightweight, low-cost, and ecologically friendly flexible substrate for energy storage devices. This paper presents a simple method for fabricating a micro-supercapacitor (MSC) using a wax printing approach that can achieve high resolution without requiring complex processes. In addition, the developed MnO2–Au-paper (MAP) microelectrodes with high porosity exhibit enhanced charge and ion transfer while maintaining a stable flexibility. The solid-state micro-supercapacitor delivers a very large areal capacitance of 624.32 mF cm−2 at 0.2 mA cm−2 and is stable under external stress. The highest energy and power densities obtained for the present MSCs (55.5 μWh cm−2 and 1.59 mW cm−2, respectively), are much larger than those previously reported for pseudocapacitive MSCs, including flexible ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemp hurd fiber, a low-value waste stream from the hemp industry, has potential downstream applications as an alternative to non-renewable plastics for single-use food service ware and packaging applications. Packaging paper substrates made from chemically pulped hemp hurd, mixed in varying ratios with bleached thermomechanical radiata pine pulp were developed and tested. Handsheets were characterized using several mechanical property tests including tensile strength, tearing resistance, burst strength, short-span compression, ring crush, together with Gurley air resistance, contact angle, and Cobb60 tests. Generally, addition of hemp hurd fibers significantly improved handsheet mechanical properties. Hot-pressing of the handsheets so as to approximate molded fiber thermoforming further enhanced their performance, with pure hemp hurd handsheets having the highest mechanical properties and barrier performance. A prototype was successfully thermoformed from hemp fiber, demonstrating overall feasibility of this fibre source for molded fibre objects.

Though books are often considered “old media” in the digital age, their production in this period in fact has been continually reimagined and redefined through new technologies of printing, especially paper and ink manufacturing. This paper explores how three specific recent printed books demonstrate this point in both form and content: David Brower’s Let the Mountains Talk, Let the Rivers Run (1995), William McDonough and Michael Braungart’s Cradle to Cradle (2002), and the 2008 Harper-Collins Green Bible. Brower’s book was printed on paper made from kenaf, a sustainable alternative to wood-based paper. Cradle to Cradle was printed on a synthetic polymer that could be endlessly remade into other products. The Green Bible was printed on recycled paper and used soy-based ink, and all verses with environmental content were printed in green. In each case, in form these printed books were meant to model innovative industrial information production while also through their content to motivate enhanced environmental consciousness.

Abstract This work presents the results of a transdisciplinary analysis performed on Harward’s Almanac (Dublin, 1666), an extremely rare volume currently housed in the National Library of Ireland. The uniqueness and historical value of the Almanac is related to the presence of nineteen handwritten poems, entered by an anonymous scribe. These record textually important English clandestine satire circulating anonymously in Dublin in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Following a comprehensive historical assessment, it appeared evident that the current order of leaves was incorrect. To reconstruct the correct order of the leaves, and hence the likely sequence in which the manuscript poems were inscribed, this study employed a codicological/paleographic analysis complemented by analytical (X-ray fluorescence, XRF) and statistical (Self Organizing Map, SOM) investigation. Specifically, point XRF analysis was carried out for each handwritten page of the Almanac, allowing identification of ink elemental compositions (iron-based ink) and successfully supporting the validity of historical hypotheses on the poems’ order of inscription. The statistical organization of XRF data by SOMs allowed easy bi-dimensional visualization of the data set (54 points) and identification of ink similarities, once more validating the historical assessment.

A unique triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) using carbon nanotube (CNT) composite papers is proposed in this work. CNT composite papers can be fabricated easily using a method based on the production of Japanese washi paper. To obtain and evaluate the proposed TENGs, several types of CNT composite papers and aluminum plates were prepared. As the CNT composite paper contained many paper fibers, it was expected to be negatively charged, and the aluminum plate was expected to be positively charged across the triboelectric series. Through various experiments, it was confirmed that CNT composite papers could be used as TENGs. In addition, it was found that when a CNT composite paper was used, it contributed to triboelectricity generation, and the contained CNTs efficiently transferred the generated charge to the electrodes. Furthermore, output voltages approaching a maximum RMS value of 300 mV could be obtained. The results of this study will aid in the practical application of paper-based TENGs in the near future.

Water-repellent coatings are essential for enhancing the durability and sustainability of textiles, paper, and bioplastic polymers. Despite the growing use of sustainable materials, their inherent hydrophilicity presents significant challenges. This review explores advanced coating technologies to address these issues, focusing on their mechanisms, properties, and applications. By imparting water resistance and repellency, these coatings improve material performance and longevity. The environmental impact and limitations of current coatings are critically assessed, highlighting the need for sustainable solutions. This review identifies key trends and challenges, offering insights into developing water-resistant materials that align with environmental goals while meeting industry demands. Key focus areas include coating mechanisms, techniques, performance evaluation, applications, environmental impact assessment, and the development of sustainable coating solutions. This research contributes to the development of water-resistant materials that meet the demands of modern industries while minimizing environmental impact.

La transición hacia el uso del papel para la enseñanza de la escritura en las escuelas elementales públicas en México no fue sencilla. Al finalizar el siglo XIX, se había cuestionado el uso de las pizarras por el riesgo que representaban para la salud, pues muchas veces los estudiantes borraban sus escritos con saliva y el material con el que estaban fabricadas no siempre guardaba las especificaciones necesarias, además el ruido al escribir era insoportable. En cambio, el papel, desde el punto de vista higiénico, pedagógico y estético, fue considerado un material superior frente a la dureza de la pizarra, el brillo de la superficie y la poca precisión que se obtenía en el trazo de las letras. Derivado de este planteamiento, se vislumbró seriamente la posibilidad de la adopción de papel en las escuelas oficiales. Sin embargo, este material era escaso y muy caro. Hacia el cambio de siglo, sólo dos fábricas de papel podían surtir a las escuelas y era necesario que abarataran el precio, que el sistema de distribución garantizara el abastecimiento y que el suministro fuera continuo. Este artículo analiza el inicio del proceso de reconversión de una tecnología para la enseñanza como era la pizarra por el papel. Analizo el gasto que significó y cómo esta modificación fue resultado de una multiplicidad de relaciones sociales, culturales, económicas y políticas que se entrecruzaron para dar una nueva configuración del tiempo, el ruido y los valores establecidos en el salón de clases. The transition to the use of paper in public elementary schools in Mexico was not easy. At the end of the nineteenth century, the use of slates had been questioned due to the health risk they represented since students often erased their writing with saliva and the material with which the slates were made did not always meet the necessary specifications. On the other hand, paper, from a hygienic, pedagogical and aesthetic point of view, was considered a superior material compared to the hardness of the slate, the shine of the surface and the lack of precision obtained in the tracing of the letters. Derived from this approach, the possibility of changing materials in official schools was seriously envisioned. However, the paper represented a very high cost. Only two paper mills could supply the schools and it was necessary to lower the price, and guarantee the supply by enhancing the distribution system. This article analyses the beginning of the conversion process of a technology for learning to write such as the slate for paper. I analyse the expense that it meant for the authorities and families, how the change was the result of a multiplicity of social, cultural, economic and political relations that intersected to give a new configuration of time, noise and established values in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article asks whether the slow process of divesting Indian native schoolteachers of their traditional authority was only about new concepts and representations of education and knowledge. Following the methodological idea of constellations of affordances, emphasising a relational ontology, the article discusses whether changes in the shape and the relations of objects in Indian classrooms together with the arrival of new objects may have played a silent role in the process of erosion of schoolteachers' authority. Based on a wide range of official and missionary sources, but also referring to individual native voices, the article reconstructs more pervasive and subtle transformations of native elementary classrooms, focusing on surfaces for writing and on "books". The article argues that shifts in the materialities of elementary native schooling took place that repositioned old "gurus" in an unfavourable light before the take-off of teacher training institutions would provide for new definitions of their role as schoolmasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulosic-based materials such as hemp fabric and paper have combined characteristics of renewability, biodegradability, flexibility, and recyclability. However, regular products are not suitable for use in unconventional applications due to inherent limitations, and accordingly, enabling new capabilities is a necessity. To this end, the conversion of regular hemp fabric and paper into high-strength products with hydrophobic function via surface engineering was explored. The fluorinated waterborne polyurethane (FWPU) emulsions were first synthesized as functional coatings by in-situ polymerization. The structure and properties of the FWPU emulsion and film were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TG, and XPS. The results showed that the grafting of perfluorooctanol imparts WPU film excellent hydrophobicity, and the water contact angle increases from 71.2° to 105.9°. After the FWPU coating, the water contact angles of the hemp fabric and paper increase from 0° to 117.1° and 112.8°, respectively. Quite encouragingly, the coating generation of waterborne polyurethane-derived functional additives led to the increase of mechanical strength by more than 23% and 82%, in the case of qualitative filter paper and hemp fabric. Meanwhile, the folding strength of filter paper is increased by 132 times. Overall, this functionalized waterborne polyurethane coating would direct paper and hemp fabric toward diversified applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the efficacy of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as cleaning agents for aged cellulosic artifacts. A 10% v/v acetone solution of these ionic liquids (ILs) effectively removes the brownish-yellow color of aged paper in a 10 min immersion treatment. Colorimetric analysis shows a remarkable increase in lightness (L*) by up to 40% and a decrease in red/brownish tones (b*) after IL treatment. The cleaning process also deacidifies the paper, shifting the pH to neutral-slightly basic levels and enhancing its long-term stability. Optimal pH outcomes are achieved, with ionic liquid consumption values of 0.4–0.6 g/g of paper. The FTIR analysis revealed structural changes in cellulose induced by the washing step, which is mainly due to the reorganization effect imparted by the ionic liquids. Furthermore, ILs mobilized degraded compounds and acidic species, aiding in their extraction during the restoration process. Mechanical testing indicated an enhancement in the overall tensile strength and strain at break values for IL-treated papers by up to 33%. This study demonstrates the multiple benefits of alkylimidazolium ionic liquids for preserving and restoring cultural heritage artifacts made of cellulosic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper and pulp industry stands out to be one of the industries that are growing at a fast pace. Besides their characteristics such as high water consumption of 695.7 million m3 per year and subsequent high energy consumption, there are plenty of environmental impacts arising from this industry. Approximately 300 different types of harmful organic pollutants such as phenols, dioxins, and other organic substances are the significant effluents of the paper and pulp industry. As per the regulations set by the world health organization (WHO), the permissible limit of such pollutants is less than 1 ppm. Since the complete degradation of these pollutants is difficult to achieve using conventional techniques, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely being used as promising alternatives. On the other hand, depleting non-renewable energy resources are forcing industries to look for energy-efficient technologies. Photocatalysis is one such AOPs, which has the potential to solve the energy-wastewater nexus and is the primary focus of this review in terms of waste treatment from the paper and pulp industry. The photocatalytic materials induce photoreactions by receiving photon energy from light. However, harnessing light energy to the fullest is a challenge owing to the limited share of UV spectrum in sunlight. Different composite photocatalysts at different loadings, pollutant concentrations, and contact time along with their respective efficiencies are reported. The enhancement in thermodynamic driving force due to shift in Fermi energy levels with a suitable example is explained. The dependence of photocatalysis on various factors such as organic species, temperature, and light intensity makes it tough to predict the precise kinetic model in real-life experiments. The hydrogen production from the degradation of organic pollutants was discussed vividly and by optimization of the processes, an estimated amount of 0.45% of the total world's energy could be produced from the paper and pulp industry alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The forest products industries play a vital role in the economic, social, and environmental well-being of the Lake States in the United States. While various economic contribution analyses of forest products industries have been conducted to highlight the importance of such industries to regional economies, little effort has yet been made to parse out the contribution of activities in the value chain. The value chain is a series of steps involved in producing goods or services. This study used a matrix decomposition approach to estimate the economic contribution along the value chain through multiple pathways of four forest resource-based industries using wood as inputs: biomass power generation, sawmills, paper mills, and the construction of new single-family residential structures in the Lake States. The direct and indirect economic output values in 2017 resulting from the construction of new single-family residential structures were $19.1 billion, sawmills were $2.5 billion, paper mills were $17.6 billion, and the biomass power generation industry was $759 million. Of the direct and indirect economic output contributed by each industry, the highest percentage of output attributable to the logging industry was observed from the sawmills industry (12%), followed by biomass power generation (9%), paper mills (1.4%), and the construction of new single-family residential structures (<1%), respectively. The percentage of total economic output attributable to the stumpage industry in the region followed a similar trend as commercial logging for all value-chain industries. The relative economic contribution of the value-chain industries to the total economic contribution of the final industry varied based on whether the industry was a primary or secondary forest products industry and the pathways used for sourcing wood inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The terahertz spectrum of paper has been measured from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures. As the paper is cooled, the main absorption lines move to higher frequencies. The same behaviour is observed for two types of paper. The spectrum at base temperature provides the most direct comparison yet with calculations made using density functional theory, which assume the studied material to be at absolute zero temperature. These unique experiments should spur the development of better theoretical models of cellulose and cognate materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global overabundance of electronic waste and ever‐increasing concerns regarding the energy‐and material‐intensive manufacturing processes associated with traditional electronics are driving the development of solution‐processed, degradable electronics. Of note, the industry‐dominating prevalence of harmful lead‐based materials in sensing and actuating devices drives the push for more eco‐friendly solution‐processed piezoelectric systems. Yet current ecofriendly multi‐material printing processes are limited by both the conventional challenges of multilayer processes as well as the low‐temperature thermal constraints of biodegradable materials. Herein, a novel approach for fabricating fully printed, sustainable piezoelectric transducers on paper substrates is presented. Low‐temperature screen‐printing processes are used to integrate non‐toxic KNbO3 layers with degradable carbon‐ or zinc‐based conductive inks into devices. The influence of electrode material on device characteristics is assessed, with effective piezoelectric coefficients reported as high as 4.6 pC N−1 and 5.1 pC N−1 for devices with carbon and zinc electrodes respectively. The potential of the developed technology is then demonstrated through the first‐ever instance of fully printed piezoelectric force sensors and acoustic speakers comprised entirely of green materials. By demonstrating entirely printable green piezoelectric devices compatible with various electrode materials, this work serves as a step towards developing more complex sustainable piezoelectric technologies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate a linguistic issue related to Sari Al-Deen Al-Durori (d. 1066 A.H), a renowned Arab linguist in the 11th century of the Islamic calendar. Despite being relatively unknown to modern scholars and researchers, this linguist has left behind a valuable knowledge legacy and held a significant scientific standing among his contemporaries. The focus of this study is on 'Baiti A-Raqmatain', a topic that has been subject to various interpretations by Arab linguists, including grammarians. In this paper, the author presents ten different perspectives addressing the problems in 'Baitia A-Raqmatain'. Additionally, the author introduces a syntactic interpretation and meaning, along with three new opinions that have not been previously discussed in the literature. I was inspired to write on this topic after reading several valuable manuscripts by renowned Arab scholars covering various areas of knowledge. Among them, I came across the works of Sari Al-Deen Al-Durori, an Arab intellectual who, in my opinion, has not received the recognition he truly deserves. Sari Al-Deen Al-Durori was a prominent scholar of the 11th Hijri century and has left behind a scientific heritage that is worthy of study and research. The study is divided into two sections. The first section focuses on discussing the author himself, including his background, birth and death dates, his jurisprudential and doctrinal school, scholarly reputation, influential teachers, disciples, and written works. Within this section, I also delve into the manuscript itself, examining its attribution to Sari Al-Deen, the author's methodology, language and style, as well as its form. I conclude this section with a comprehensive systematic review of the investigation. The second section of the study is dedicated to the transcription and documentation of the analyzed texts, including commentary, following commonly accepted investigation rules. I wrap up this section by providing a list of references used throughout the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors that influence the citation of articles helps authors improve the impact and reach of their research. Analysis of publications in the Journal of Fish Biology between 2008 and 2021 revealed that variables such as the number of keywords, abstract length, number of authors, and page length were associated with higher impact papers. These trends applied to both review and regular papers. These findings suggest that papers that are more informative, have higher numbers of authors, and have more keywords are more likely to be cited. Adoption of some simple "best‐practice" behaviors can improve the likelihood that a paper is cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow and spontaneous imbibition phenomena in porous media are important for various industrial applications, including printing and medical lateral flow assays. Their quantitative characterization is important to better understand and select the appropriate raw materials. However, standard methods often require time-consuming tests, and/or expensive equipment. Different time scales must be considered, limiting the range of possible characterization tools. A novel experimental approach based on image analysis for characterizing spontaneous imbibition processes is presented. Hence, ultra-fast diffusion may be quantitatively characterized. Models are issued from the literature to consider physical phenomena at small (milliseconds) and medium range (seconds) of time scales. The obtained experimental data fit with theoretical results, providing valuable insights into the understanding of fluid flow behavior at different time scales. Furthermore, the identification of some physical properties for either the fluid, or the substrate, based on the theoretical models are possible, as the contact angle, which remains to be otherwise challenging. This study contributes to bridging the gap between spontaneous imbibition and capillary phenomena at different time scales, their modeling, and a characterization of material and/or fluid properties paving the way for enhanced understanding and control of fluid behavior in porous media. Different papers are considered to illustrate the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the assortment and primary methods of waste collection within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine during the occupation by Nazi forces. The Ukrainian occupational press serves as the primary source for this article. It demonstrates that the extraction of various resources and the plundering of material valuables were directed towards supporting the economic and military power of the Third Reich, with waste collection policies being one of its facets. To facilitate this activity in this realm, the Nazis utilized existing infrastructure within the territory of Ukraine, including warehouses, factories, and offices of Soyuzutyl, established on the eve of the Second World War, as well as the infrastructure of the consumer cooperative system. It is shown that the specificity of Ukraine lies in assigning waste collection duties to consumer cooperatives, which transformed into the primary suppliers of various raw materials for the needs of the Third Reich. Local administrations and individual cooperatives actively participated in this endeavor, and special associations were also established. Additionally, the occupying authorities sought to involve schoolchildren and the broader population, developing various incentive systems for this purpose, although the participation of these actors was minimal. The article examines the peculiarities of waste collection propaganda within the territory of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, which was based on ideological motives such as gratitude for liberation from Soviet rule, as well as economic motives related to the need for waste to produce consumer goods for the local population by enterprises of the Nazi regime. It is argued that primary attention was given to collecting scrap black and colored metals, as well as bones, paper, and rags. The author suggests that the scale of economic plundering of Ukraine was much larger than commonly believed, yet acknowledges that this requires further in-depth research involving a wide range of archival sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to environmental awareness regarding the harmfulness of polymeric materials, there has been a growing interest in using papers, especially those from alternative raw materials. The importance of using all available raw materials is imperative today. Raw materials that were once viewed as waste are now of great importance because they have the ability to replace raw materials that are used irrationally or are lacking. Cereal straw is a lignocellulosic material that could be used in the paper industry and in the production of increasingly prevalent paper packaging. The aim of this research was to analyze the relationships between the qualitative parameters of straw-based printed papers containing 30% agricultural residues (wheat, barley, or triticale). The influence of two qualitative parameters (ink penetration depth and optical ink density) on the print-through was observed using multiple regression analysis on straw-based papers produced at the laboratory level. Throughout the research, 100% recycled wood paper was used as a reference sample. The results of the regression analysis showed that none of the variables individually make a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of the dependent variable in a linear context, that is, they indicate a non-linear interaction between the variables and the specific conditions under which the dependent variable reaches local extremes and changes in the gradient. Considering the results of the regression analysis and the visualization of the relationship, the model was additionally tested with other independent variables (paper type). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the alternative straw-based paper with 30% barley pulp has the best interaction between ink and paper, which is the most similar to the reference sample in terms of printability, while the alternative straw-based paper with 30% wheat generally differs significantly from the reference paper when all three prints are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the paper was to establish the effectiveness of paper waste added to a growth medium, avoiding waste management processes, which require time and energy, but providing an efficient solution for using paper waste as a nutrient substrate for plants cultivated in containers. It was specifically aimed to evaluate the percentage of peat that could be replaced by waste paper for the ornamental plant Ficus benjamina cv. 'Golden King' in an experiment with 4 variants in 3 repetitions (V1 - 100% peat, V2 - 80% peat+20 % paper waste, V3 - 70% peat+30% paper waste, V4 -50% peat+50% paper waste) in 2023. In conclusion, based on the research carried out, it can be stated that paper waste mixed with peat in a proportion of 30% can be used as an alternative substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the results of a transdisciplinary analysis performed on Harward's Almanac (Dublin, 1666), an extremely rare volume currently housed in the National Library of Ireland. The uniqueness and historical value of the Almanac is related to the presence of nineteen handwritten poems, entered by an anonymous scribe. These record textually important English clandestine satire circulating anonymously in Dublin in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Following a comprehensive historical assessment, it appeared evident that the current order of leaves was incorrect. To reconstruct the correct order of the leaves, and hence the likely sequence in which the manuscript poems were inscribed, this study employed a codicological/paleographic analysis complemented by analytical (X-ray fluorescence, XRF) and statistical (Self Organizing Map, SOM) investigation. Specifically, point XRF analysis was carried out for each handwritten page of the Almanac, allowing identification of ink elemental compositions (iron-based ink) and successfully supporting the validity of historical hypotheses on the poems' order of inscription. The statistical organization of XRF data by SOMs allowed easy bi-dimensional visualization of the data set (54 points) and identification of ink similarities, once more validating the historical assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anadolu University Journal of Art & Design / Sanat & Tasarım is the property of Anadolu University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)