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This article proposes a second-order communication network generation method based on Delaunay triangulation for a large-scale population. Given the complexity of communication network characteristics, the relationship between network topology and the convergence of Nash equilibrium needs further exploration. We propose a network generation method based on Delaunay triangulation to ensure the Nash equilibrium convergence of population dynamics. To speed the convergence of large-scale populations, we introduce a second-order communication network and form the distributed population dynamics for investigation. We also design a learning rule for strategic interactions to fit the second-order network population. The corresponding Nash equilibrium can converge from the perspectives of both numerical analysis and simulation results. In addition, we explore how the learning intensity influences the evolutionary process. These results may provide new ideas for guaranteeing convergence and developing the strategic interaction rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a second-order communication network generation method based on Delaunay triangulation for a large-scale population. Given the complexity of communication network characteristics, the relationship between network topology and the convergence of Nash equilibrium needs further exploration. We propose a network generation method based on Delaunay triangulation to ensure the Nash equilibrium convergence of population dynamics. To speed the convergence of large-scale populations, we introduce a second-order communication network and form the distributed population dynamics for investigation. We also design a learning rule for strategic interactions to fit the second-order network population. The corresponding Nash equilibrium can converge from the perspectives of both numerical analysis and simulation results. In addition, we explore how the learning intensity influences the evolutionary process. These results may provide new ideas for guaranteeing convergence and developing the strategic interaction rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding and explaining the widespread cooperative behavior in society has become one open question. Many previous studies have been investigated this issue on static and unweight network, which is inconsistent with the realistic in sometimes. Motivated by this point, we consider a new setup about reputation-based dynamical weighted network. In particular, an individual with high reputation can receive a reward and its link weight will increase, while the individual with lowest reputation will be punished. Here, we introduce a parameter δ to control the range of link weight. Through numeric simulations, we find that coevolution setup can promote the evolution of cooperation. Particular, the larger value of δ , the higher level of cooperation. For the potential reason, we find it is related to the heterogeneous distribution of link weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A millimeter-wave current-reuse voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) features a single-turn multi-tap inductor and two separate differential-only switched-capacitor arrays to improve the power efficiency and phase noise (PN). Specifically, a single-branch complementary VCO topology, in conjunction with a multi-resonant Resistor-Inductor-Capacitor-Mutual inductance (RLCM) tank, allows sharing the bias current and reshaping the impulse-sensitivity-function. The latter is based on an area- efficient RLCM tank to concurrently generate two high quality- factor differential-mode resonances at the fundamental and 2nd- harmonic oscillation frequencies. Fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology, our VCO at 27.7 GHz shows a PN of −109.91-dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset (after on-chip divider-by-2), while consuming just 3.3 mW at a 1.1-V supply. It corresponds to a Figure-of-Merit (FOM) of 187.6 dBc/Hz. The frequency tuning range is 15.3% (25.2 to 29.4 GHz) and the core area is 0.116 mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • In this paper, the multi-scale entropy and the conditional sampling are used to study the velocity increment in the boundary layer transition process. • Similarities in the distribution of velocity increment in each part (laminar/turbulent) of the intermittent flow are observed. • It is also found that there is a process for both the laminar and turbulent part of the fluid motions to evolve into the mature state before the fully developed turbulence is reached. Abstract Boundary layer transition induced by surface imperfections has a great impact on the performance of the long endurance vehicles. A better understanding of the physical mechanism of the transition process would be much helpful in developing new models for transition prediction. The velocity increment is important in the theory of turbulence, but it is rarely discussed in a transitional boundary layer. In this paper, the multi-scale entropy and the conditional sampling are used to study the velocity increment in the boundary layer transition process. Similarities in the distribution of velocity increment in each part (laminar/turbulent) of the intermittent flow are observed. It is also found that there is a process for both the laminar and turbulent part of the fluid motions to evolve into the mature state before the fully developed turbulence is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Sentiment analysis, also known as opinion mining is a key natural language processing (NLP) task that receives much attention these years, where deep learning based neural network models have achieved great success. However, the existing deep learning models cannot effectively make use of the sentiment information in the sentence for sentiment analysis. In this paper, we propose a Sentiment Information Collector–Extractor architecture based Neural Network (SICENN) for sentiment analysis consisting of a Sentiment Information Collector (SIC) and a Sentiment Information Extractor (SIE). The SIC based on the Bi-directional Long Short Term Memory structure aims at collecting the sentiment information in the sentence and generating the information matrix. The SIE takes the information matrix as input and extracts the sentiment information precisely via three different sub-extractors. A new ensemble strategy is applied to combine the results of different sub-extractors, making the SIE more universal and outperform any single sub-extractor. Experiments results show that the proposed architecture outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on three datasets of different language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why would natural selection favor the prevalence of cooperation within the groups of selfish individuals? A fruitful framework to address this question is evolutionary game theory, the essence of which is captured in the so-called social dilemmas. Voluntary participation is considered as an effective approach to promote the persistence of cooperative behavior. Because three strategic types of players lead to a rock–scissor–paper dynamic with cyclic dominance. There is no doubt that loner has played a very important role. Thus we introduce a parameter p represents loners’ participation willingness in order to explore the impact of its on cooperation in voluntary prisoner's dilemma. Large quantities of simulations demonstrate that for traditional case ( p = 1 ), three strategies will coexist. However, with p decreases, loners will greatly increase, and cooperation level declines, because defectors can be suppressed very fast. More interesting, when defectors completely vanish, cooperation becomes the best strategy, and holds the whole system. Thus our work present a viable method of understand the ubiquitous cooperative behaviors in nature and hope that it will inspire further studies to resolve social dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explain why the Bolgiano-Obukhov (BO) scaling behavior is unavailable by the SabraT model proposed for turbulent thermal convection in the range of 1 < δ < 2, which is extended from the Sabra model by coupling temperature with velocity in the equations of motion as an external forcing, i.e., buoyancy. Numerical studies show that SabraT model is mainly governed by the enstrophy budget equation, at which the buoyancy is not always relevant to the statistical properties and the effect of buoyancy is dependent on the parameter γ that measures the ratio of enstrophy to energy. When buoyancy is important, BO scaling is expected using theoretical arguments, such as dimensional analysis. Instead of BO scaling, a new γ -dependent scaling behavior is setup in the buoyancy relevant regime, which is found to equivalently deviate from the enstrophy cascade scaling and BO scaling. This deviation is mainly discussed by two dimensionless parameters, which respectively measure the deviation of the energy/enstrophy transfer flux rate and the injected energy/enstrophy due to buoyancy from dimensional analysis. The introduced buoyancy plays as a relative small perturbed forcing on the Sabra model without changing much its intrinsical statistical properties, i.e., dimensional analysis is not always validated in both Sabra and SabraT models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Flow characteristics of waverider are studied by numerical and experiment methods. [•] The mechanism of bluntness impact is studied for waverider. [•] The feasibility of nonuniform blunt waverider is validated in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many literatures suggest that incorporating the environment of a focal player (denoted by the average payoff of its all immediate neighbors) into its fitness can promote cooperation in spatial evolutionary games. However, the immediate neighbors influence the focal one to varying degree. Inspired by these, we quantify the focal player's environment with a weighted average payoff of its all immediate neighbors via two interdependent parameters. Numerous simulations show that two moderate parameter pairs favor cooperation, in addition, when the contribution of all immediate neighbors’ payoffs to the environment is negative, the cooperation is promoted remarkably. The generality of this mechanism is verified on different networks and more games. Our work might shed light on the understanding of the evolution of cooperative behaviors in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate thermal or mechanical analysis of thin structures has been a challenging task for various numerical methods, due to the exceeding closeness of the two neighboring surfaces. In this paper, the micron-sized interior-like thin structures for steady-state heat conduction is investigated with BEM. Three major difficulties would be encountered during solid analysis of thin structures with BEM: 1) degeneracy of the linear systems of equations; 2) evaluation of singular integrals over distorted elements; 3) evaluation of various orders of nearly singular integrals. To investigate the effect of singular and nearly singular integrals independently, the singularity subtraction technique (SST) and nonlinear distance transformation combined with adaptive subdivision method are employed to deal with singular and nearly singular integrals, respectively. Besides, a conformal mapping procedure aligned with sigmoidal transformation in angular direction is proposed to eliminate the near singularity derived from the distortion of element shape. Several challenging numerical examples with characteristic thickness h = 10 − 3 , including annular disk, hollow sphere and hollow torus examples, are solved with coarse meshes compared to original methods, and some meaningful conclusions have been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the authors present a more efficient and robust implementation of conventional and hypersingular BIEs for potential problems in three dimensions under the framework of boundary face method (BFM). The focus is laid on the accurate evaluation of singular curved surface integrals, and three aspects related are considered simultaneously: (a) the near singularity caused by distorted element shape; (b) the near singularity derived from the angular direction; (c) the singularity in the radial direction. A conformal polar coordinate transformation (CPCT) is employed to eliminate the shape effect of distorted integration cells, which can retain the shape characteristic. Besides, an improved sigmoidal transformation is introduced to alleviate the near singularity in the angular direction. By combination of the two strategies with previous singularity subtraction method, an efficient numerical integration scheme has been obtained for various orders of singularities. Some numerical examples including parallelogram plate, sphere and hollow cylinder examples with coarse meshes are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different from previous literature, it is the enstrophy cascade scaling instead of BO scaling that is setup at scales larger than the confinement scale for the modified 2D 3D SabraT model in the studied range of model parameter. • A 2D 3D Brandenburg model is constructed to get the BO scaling at larger scales. • Two coexistence subranges of BO and KO scalings are respectively setup above and below the Bolgiano scale, which exactly relates to the confinement scale. For the confined Rayleigh–Taylor turbulent convection with large aspect ratio, different scaling behaviors such as Bolgiano-Obukhov (BO) scaling and Kolmogorov–Obukhov (KO) scaling are coexistent in the system. Traditional shell models cannot reproduce dual scaling properties with scale independent parameters. Boffetta et al. [Phys Rev E 2011; 83, 066302] firstly introduced geometrical constraints and two sets of model parameters into the original SabraT model to investigate the dual scaling properties of such complex convective turbulence. However, the present numerical results reveal that the enstrophy cascade scaling instead of BO scaling is setup at scales larger than the confinement scale for the modified 2D-3D SabraT model in the studied range of model parameter. Moreover, a 2D-3D Brandenburg model is constructed with the same idea and numerically investigated. Results show that two coexistence subranges of BO and KO scalings are respectively setup above and below the Bolgiano scale, which exactly relates to the confinement scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We consider a population fragmented into cooperative and competitive units, i.e. we account explicitly for the two fundamental adaptation mechanisms at the basis of dynamical competition and cooperation (or interdependence) in networks. • Not only we reveal that the type of transition can in fact be controlled simply by adapting the balance between the two oscillator types. • We examine the role of different graph's mesoscales in the feedback leading to adaption, we show that the irreversibility associated to ES is actually enhanced when the adaptation mechanisms span larger scales. Synchronization is a subject of interdisciplinary relevance, interpolating between efficiency in transportation and digital data transfers to disease in cardiac and neural tissue. While continuous transitions to synchronization are gradual and easy to control, explosive transitions may occur suddenly and can have catastrophic effects. Here we report that in populations of cooperative and competitive oscillators the transition can be tuned between continuous and explosive simply by adjusting the balance between the two oscillator types. We show that this phenomenon is independent of the network topology, and can be described analytically already in the mean-field approximation. Moreover, we provide evidence that the difference between the two transitions is due to a merging process of clusters which is forbidden by adaptation, and that the hysteresis associated to the explosive transition is enhanced when the adaptive mechanisms span larger scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including the article on the rise of agriculture in China, another article on garrison communities in Guizhou Province and a letter of gratitude for the free copies of the periodical.