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The purpose of this literature review is to examine music education research concerning the emerging practice of co-teaching between cooperating music teachers and student teachers, and to understand the benefits of co-teaching for both. The review is organized into two sections: (a) how cooperating music teachers and student teachers view their co-teaching experiences and (b) how cooperating music teachers mentor student teachers in a co-teaching model. Co-teaching during student teaching can occur successfully through cooperating teachers' willingness to facilitate the co-teaching process, student teachers' reflective practice with cooperating teachers and careful sequencing in teaching opportunities, and co-teachers' engagement in daily communication activities. Music education researchers should continue to examine various topics related to implementing a co-teaching model in student teaching. This article will provide current P–12 music teachers with successful co-teaching examples and suggestions for applications in music classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present and experimentally validate two minimal compact memristive models for spiking neuronal signal generation using commercially available low-cost components. The first neuron model is called the Memristive Integrate-and-Fire (MIF) model, for neuronal signaling with two voltage levels: the spike-peak, and the rest-potential. The second model MIF2 is also presented, which promotes local adaptation by accounting for a third refractory voltage level during hyperpolarization. We show both compact models are minimal in terms of the number of circuit elements and integration area. Using the MIF and MIF2 models, we postulate the design of a memristive solid-state brain with an estimation of its surface area and power consumption. Analytical projections show that a memristive solid-state brain could be realized within (i) the surface area of the median human brain, 2,400cm2, (ii) the same volume of the median human brain, and (iii) a total power budget of approximately 20 W using a 3.5 nm technology. Distinct from the past decade of memristive neuron literature, our benchmarks are attained using generic commercially available memristors that are reproducible using off-the-shelf components. We expect this work can promote more experimental demonstrations of memristive circuits that do not rely on prohibitively expensive fabrication processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]