Search

The (2+1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries-Sawada-Kotera-Ramani (KdVSKR) equation which consists of the KdV equation and the SK equation is studied. Soliton molecules of the KdVSKR equation are given by means of the velocity resonance mechanism. By selecting the values of the phases, soliton molecule bounded by the three solitons is transferred to other type of the soliton molecule bounded by the asymmetric soliton and one soliton. Multi-breather solutions are derived by selecting the complex conjugate relations in the parameters. The relative positions for the maximum amplitudes of the multi-breathers can adjust with different values of the phases. It demonstrates that the phases of the multi-soliton solutions play an important effect in certain phenomena. In the meanwhile, the interactions between a soliton molecule and one-order breather, and between a soliton molecule and one-order lump of the KdVSKR equation are analyzed. The interactions are an elastic collisions by both the analytical and graphical ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sabia parviflora Wall. ex Roxb. is a traditional herb widely used by Chinese people, especially by the Buyi ethnic group which resides in Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. According to the Chinese Ethnic Pharmacopeia, the species is commonly used for soothing the liver and for the treatment of icteric hepatitis, hemostasis, and inflammation. However, due to the similar morphological characters of Sabia species and higher market demands, there are many substitutes and adulterants of S. parviflora. In this study, the differential identification of 6 Sabia species and 7 adulterants were investigated through DNA sequence analysis of three candidate DNA barcodes (trnH-psbA, rbcL‐a, matK). Based on sequence alignments, we concluded that not only the trnH-psbA spacer sequence can distinguish S. parviflora from other Sabia species, but the matK + rbcL‐a sequences also can differentiate it from the substitutes and adulterants. The classification tree of all samples based on rbcL‐a sequences indicated that the rbcL region can identify samples into a family/genus level. Our results suggest that the three candidate barcodes can be used for the identification of S. parviflora and to distinguish it from common substitutes or adulterants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]