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The study of ecological mechanisms influencing organisms' phenotypic variation is a central subject of evolutionary biology. In this study, we characterized morphological, plumage colour and acoustic variation in cactus wrens Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus throughout its distribution. We assessed whether Gloger's, Allen's and Bergmann's ecogeographical rules, and the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis relate to geographical trait variation. We analysed specimen coloration in belly and crown plumage, beak shape and structural song characteristics. We tested whether the subspecific classification or the peninsular/mainland groups mirrored the geographical variation in phenotypes and whether ecological factors were associated with patterns of trait variation. Our results suggest that colour, beak shape and acoustic traits varied across the range, in agreement with two lineages described by genetics. The simple versions of Gloger's and Allen's rules are related to variations in colour traits and morphology. Conversely, patterns of phenotypic variation did not support Bergmann's rule. The Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis supported song divergence for frequency-related traits. Phenotypic variation supports the hypothesis of two taxa: C. affinis in the Baja California peninsula and C. brunneicapillus in the mainland. The ecological factors are associated with phenotypic trait adaptations, suggesting that divergence between lineages could result from ecological divergence.

The study of ecological mechanisms influencing organisms' phenotypic variation is a central subject of evolutionary biology. In this study, we characterized morphological, plumage colour and acoustic variation in cactus wrens Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus throughout its distribution. We assessed whether Gloger's, Allen's and Bergmann's ecogeographical rules, and the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis relate to geographical trait variation. We analysed specimen coloration in belly and crown plumage, beak shape and structural song characteristics. We tested whether the subspecific classification or the peninsular/mainland groups mirrored the geographical variation in phenotypes and whether ecological factors were associated with patterns of trait variation. Our results suggest that colour, beak shape and acoustic traits varied across the range, in agreement with two lineages described by genetics. The simple versions of Gloger's and Allen's rules are related to variations in colour traits and morphology. Conversely, patterns of phenotypic variation did not support Bergmann's rule. The Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis supported song divergence for frequency-related traits. Phenotypic variation supports the hypothesis of two taxa: C. affinis in the Baja California peninsula and C. brunneicapillus in the mainland. The ecological factors are associated with phenotypic trait adaptations, suggesting that divergence between lineages could result from ecological divergence.

Finalizado FONDECYT FONDECYT

Objetivos. Determinar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la gastroenteritis causada por Vibrio parahaemolyticus del grupo pandémico en el Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se examinó las historias clínicas y registros de laboratorio de cien casos de gastroenteritis en los cuales se aisló V. parahaemolyticus del grupo pandémico y no pandémico. Se recolectó información epidemiológica y clínica y se realizó el análisis estadístico de los datos para evaluar si la gravedad de la enfermedad se asoció con la presencia de las cepas del grupo pandémico. Resultados. Se logró colectar información epidemiológica en 85% de los casos e información clínica sólo en 37% de los casos, principalmente de los hospitalizados. Los casos del grupo pandémico tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de tener deposiciones líquidas (96,3% frente a 62,5%, p

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Objective. To determine the epidemiological and clinic characteristics of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of the pandemic group in Peru. Material and methods. Clinical and laboratory records were searched in 100 cases of gastroenteritis caused by V parahaemolyticus, either of the pandemic or non pandemic group. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected and statistical analysis was done to evaluate if the severity of illness was associated with the pandemic group. Results. Epidemiological data were collected in 85% of cases, and clinical data were only available in 37% of cases, mainly on those hospitalized. Cases associated with the pandemic strains had a higher probability of liquid stools (96.3% vs. 62.5%, p

La presente investigación, estudia la relación entre la percepción del clima organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de los servidores del Gobierno Regional del Callao en el mes de marzo del año 2014, con el propósito de determinar los niveles del clima organizacional y la satisfacción laboral, así como la relación entre ambas variables. El tipo de estudio fue descriptivo correlacional, siendo el diseño de estudio no experimental de tipo transeccional o transversal, con una muestra no aleatoria censal de 165 servidores de la entidad objeto de estudio. Para medir las variables de estudio se emplearon los cuestionarios de percepción del clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral, determinándose la relación mediante la prueba no paramétrica “r de Spearman”. Dado el enfoque cuantitativo de la investigación, se empleó el método hipotético deductivo. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que existe predominio del nivel medio, tanto en la percepción del clima organizacional (49%) y nivel de satisfacción laboral (51%); así como una alta y significativa relación (r = 0.934, p

La tecnología ha revolucionado muchos aspectos de nuestra vida. En particular, las tecnologías de información y comunicación han prometido transformar la educación, permitiendo a los estudiantes acceso a nuevos ambientes de aprendizaje, enriqueciendo así sus experiencias escolares. En años recientes las tecnologías basadas en Internet han dado paso y hecho posible una nueva generación de programas interactivos que emulan recursos manipulativos didácticos que existen en la realidad. Estos nuevos manipulativos, llamados manipulativos virtuales (MV), corresponden a aplicaciones basadas en web, multiplataforma y muy flexibles para ser usadas en distintas situaciones de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Este artículo presenta el concepto de manipulativo virtual y, basado en una revisión de investigaciones recientes, resume los hallazgos reportados respecto de su uso en diferentes situaciones de aprendizaje y las razones de por qué son importantes para la enseñanza actual de la matemática.

CNPq O Cálculo de Ordem Não inteira, tradicionalmente conhecido como cálculo fracionário é um ramo da análise matemática que estuda as possibilidades de usar potências de números reais ou potências de números complexos em operadores diferenciáis e o operador de integração. Há vários motivos para analisarmos esta questão. Um é que, deste modo o semigrupo das potências Dn na variável discreta n é vista como um semigrupo contínuo (espera-se) que os parâmetros a onde é um número real. Semigrupos contínuos pré-valentes em Matemática são de interesse teórico. Diz-se que fração é então o mesmo que o expoente, desde que precise ser um racional, mas que a expressão cálculo fracionário torne-se padrão por tradição. Utilizando ferramentas de Analise Funcional e Topologia, estudamos propiedades de limitação e periodicidade assintótica de soluções brandas para equações diferenciais fracionárias em espaços de Banach. Provamos que o conjunto das soluções brandas é compacto em certos espaços. Finalmente, aplicamos nossos resultados ao estudo de sistemas concretos que são modelados por equações de evolução fraccionaria. Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematical analysis that studies the several different possibilities of defining real number powers or complex number powers of the differentiation and of the integration operator and developing a calculus for such operators generalizing the classical one. This paper is devoted to the study of qualitative properties of solutions of fractional differential equations in Banach spaces. In the first part, we study the existence of Lp-bounded solutions. In the second part, we analyze the compactness of the set formed by the mild solutions of the equation. Finally, we apply our results to the study of some concrete systems which are modeled by fractional evolution equations as heat conduction problems and problems arising in the theory of viscoelastic materials. This work also deals with asymptotic periodicity and compactness for a class of composite fractional relaxation equation. Some difficulties arises when the effect of different kinds of nonhomogeneous terms are taken into consideration. To overcome these we use methods coming from regularized families and fixed point techniques, which are an important tool to study of nonlinear phenomena. We can cover a large class of nonlinearities.