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The light, strange baryons have been studied through various approaches and attempted to be looked for rigorously in experiments. The screened potential has been applied to heavy baryon sector as well as meson systems in earlier works. Here, this article attempts to compare the results for linear and screened potential for light strange baryons. Also, the Regge trajectories depict the linear nature., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, To be published in IJMPA, ICNFP-2022

Accurate diagnosis and prognosis assisted by pathology images are essential for cancer treatment selection and planning. Despite the recent trend of adopting deep-learning approaches for analyzing complex pathology images, they fall short as they often overlook the domain-expert understanding of tissue structure and cell composition. In this work, we focus on a challenging Open-ended Pathology VQA (PathVQA-Open) task and propose a novel framework named Path-RAG, which leverages HistoCartography to retrieve relevant domain knowledge from pathology images and significantly improves performance on PathVQA-Open. Admitting the complexity of pathology image analysis, Path-RAG adopts a human-centered AI approach by retrieving domain knowledge using HistoCartography to select the relevant patches from pathology images. Our experiments suggest that domain guidance can significantly boost the accuracy of LLaVA-Med from 38% to 47%, with a notable gain of 28% for H&E-stained pathology images in the PathVQA-Open dataset. For longer-form question and answer pairs, our model consistently achieves significant improvements of 32.5% in ARCH-Open PubMed and 30.6% in ARCH-Open Books on H\&E images. Our code and dataset is available here (https://github.com/embedded-robotics/path-rag).

We investigate the mass spectra and decay properties of pions and all light tetraquarks using both semi-relativistic and non-relativistic frameworks. By applying a Cornell-like potential and a spin-dependent potential, we generate the mass spectra. The decay properties of tetraquarks are evaluated using the annihilation model and the spectator model. Potential tetraquark candidates are interpreted for quantum numbers $J^{PC} = 0^{++}, 0^{-+}, 1^{-+}, 1^{+-}, 1^{--}, 2^{+-}, 2^{-+},$ and $2^{--}$. Additionally, we compare our results with existing experimental data and theoretical predictions to validate our findings. This study aims to enhance the understanding of tetraquarks in the light-light sector., Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures

Network pruning has emerged as a potential solution to make LLMs cheaper to deploy. However, existing LLM pruning approaches universally rely on the C4 dataset as the calibration data for calculating pruning scores, leaving its optimality unexplored. In this study, we evaluate the choice of calibration data on LLM pruning, across a wide range of datasets that are most commonly used in LLM training and evaluation, including four pertaining datasets as well as three categories of downstream tasks encompassing nine datasets. Each downstream dataset is prompted with In-Context Learning (ICL) and Chain-of-Thought (CoT), respectively. Besides the already intriguing observation that the choice of calibration data significantly impacts the performance of pruned LLMs, our results also uncover several subtle and often unexpected findings, summarized as follows: (1) C4 is not the optimal choice for LLM pruning, even among commonly used pre-training datasets; (2) arithmetic datasets, when used as calibration data, performs on par or even better than pre-training datasets; (3) pruning with downstream datasets does not necessarily help the corresponding downstream task, compared to pre-training data; (4) ICL is widely beneficial to all data categories, whereas CoT is only useful on certain tasks. Our findings shed light on the importance of carefully selecting calibration data for LLM pruning and pave the way for more efficient deployment of these powerful models in real-world applications. We release our code at: https://github.com/abx393/llm-pruning-calibration-data., Comment: EMNLP 2024

Recent results from the LHCb experiment have confirmed that lepton flavor universality is upheld in flavor-changing neutral current processes, such as $B \to K^{(*)} l^+ l^-$. However, discrepancies remain in the charged current sector, raising questions about the universality of lepton flavors in these processes. To explore this issue, we investigate the decays $B_s \to D_s^{(*)} \tau \bar \nu_\tau$ in different $q^2$ bins, which involve the $b \to c \tau \bar \nu_\tau$ transition. We employ a model-independent approach to analyze potential new physics by fitting both real and complex (axial)vector coefficients to the existing $b \to (u, c) \tau \bar \nu_\tau$ data. Our analysis enables us to calculate the branching ratios and angular distributions for the $B_s \to D_s^{(*)} \tau \bar \nu_\tau$ decays in four different $q^2$ bins. Additionally, we evaluate whether lepton flavor universality is maintained in these charged current decays or if deviations suggest the presence of new physics., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures

In this study, we analyze the strong decays of singly charmed baryons into another singly charmed baryon and a light pseudo scalar meson by means of heavy hadron chiral perturbation theory (HHChPT) which combines heavy quark symmetry with chiral symmetry. HHChPT worked excellently for describing the strong decays of $1S$-wave charmed baryons. The strong decay widths of well-established singly charmed baryons are well reproduced. Further, the strong decay width of $1P$ states are calculated in this approach by using the calculated masses in the relativistic flux tube (RFT) model. By analysing the mass spectra from the RFT model with strong decays in HHChPT, we investigate the spin-parity assignments. We identify $\Sigma_{c}(2800)$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)$ as $1P$-wave states having $J^{P}=\frac{3}{2}^{-}$., Comment: 15 pages, submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics A, conference proceedings of XII International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics 2023

Measurements from the LHCb experiment and $B$ factories have revealed several discrepancies in angular observables of rare semileptonic $B$ decays involving the quark-level transition $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$. In this work, we conduct a model-independent comparative analysis of the rare semileptonic decays of baryons $\Lambda_b$, $\Sigma_b$ and $\Xi_b$, exploring various new physics scenarios. Our analysis includes predictions for branching ratios and angular observables, including forward-backward asymmetry, longitudinal polarization fractions, and lepton flavor universality ratios, both within the Standard Model and across six distinct new physics scenarios. Notably, we find that certain new physics scenarios significantly affect the observables in the $(\Lambda_b, \Sigma_b, \Xi_b) \to (\Lambda, \Sigma, \Xi) \mu^+ \mu^-$ processes., Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures

Significant efforts have been made in recent years to measure the properties of charmed baryons. In this work, we study the $\Xi_{c}'$ and $\Omega_{c}$ baryons in the relativistic flux tube model with a quark-diquark picture of a baryon. The modified Regge relation between mass and angular momentum is used to predict the spin-average masses. The spin-dependent interactions are also included to compute the spin-dependent splitting. We calculate the masses of states belonging to the $1F$-wave and $1G$-wave of $\Xi_{c}'$ and $\Omega_{c}$ baryons, which are not yet detected experimentally. Our mass predictions can offer valuable insights to experimental facilities in their search to discover the higher excited states of $\Xi_{c}'$ and $\Omega_{c}$ baryons., Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, to be published in International Journal of Modern Physics A, This work is presented at $11^{th}$ international conference on new frontiers in physics (ICNFP 2022)

The persistent anomalies observed in $B$ mesons related to $b \to s \mu^+ \mu^-$ transitions point to the potential for new physics beyond the Standard Model. To explore this further, we conduct an analysis of the exclusive semileptonic decays $B_c\to D_s^{(*)} \mu^+ \mu^-$ within an effective field theory formalism. We perform a global fit to new (axial)vector couplings using the current experimental data for $b \to s \mu^+ \mu^-$ transitions. We compute the branching ratios and physical observables such as forward-backward asymmetries, lepton polarization asymmetries, form factor independent observables for $B_c\to D_s^{(*)} \mu^+ \mu^-$, both within the Standard Model and in new physics scenarios. Additionally, we examine the existence of lepton flavor universality violation in the $B_c\to D_s^{(*)} \ell^+ \ell^-$ process., Comment: 25 Pages, 13 Figures

Discrepancies have been noted between experimental measurements and Standard Model predictions for various observables related to the $B\to(K, K^*,\phi) ll$ processes. Recently, the Belle-II Collaboration observed a $2.8\sigma$ deviation from Standard Model predictions in the branching ratio of the $B \to K \nu_l \bar{\nu_l}$ decay mode. In this context, we investigate the exclusive semileptonic $B_c\to D_s^{*}\mu^+ \mu^-$ decay mode, mediated by $b\to s$ quark level transition, using Effective Field Theory formalism. We perform a global fit to the new parameters using existing experimental data on $b \to s \mu^+ \mu^-$. We then estimate the branching ratio and other observables such as forward-backward asymmetry, lepton polarisation asymmetry, and the lepton non-universality parameter of the $B_c\to D_s^{(*)}\mu^+ \mu^-$ process. Although this process has not yet been detected experimentally, we offer predictions and discuss the observables for $B_c\to D_s^{*}\mu^+ \mu^-$ in both the Standard Model and potential new physics scenarios., Comment: 10 Pages, 2 Figures, Contribution to Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Flavor Physics and CP Violation (FPCP 2024)

We elucidate the recently observed discrepancy in the branching ratio of $B^{+}\rightarrow K^{+}$ +inv decay mode using a GeV scale scalar dark matter in an anomaly-free $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge extension of the Standard Model. We constrain the new parameters by using consistency with the existing bounds on Dark matter relic density, direct detection, collider and BR($B\rightarrow K^*\nu\bar{\nu}$) measured at the Belle II experiment. We investigate couplings between the mediator and the SM fermions as well as the dark matter particle. We then estimate the branching ratios of $b \to s \nu \bar \nu$ decay processes such as $B\rightarrow (K^+,K^*)\nu\bar{\nu}$, $B_s\rightarrow (\eta,\eta')\nu\bar{\nu}$, $ B_s\rightarrow \phi\nu\bar{\nu}$ and $B_c\rightarrow (D_s, D_s^*)\nu\bar{\nu}$ in a common parameter space, meeting the current experimental bounds of both sectors simultaneously., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, Contribution to proceedings of the International Conference on Future Prospects in Neutrino and Astroparticle Physics (ICFPNAP 2024)

The investigation of emerging non-toxic perovskite materials has been undertaken to advance the fabrication of environmentally sustainable lead-free perovskite solar cells. This study introduces a machine learning methodology aimed at predicting innovative halide perovskite materials that hold promise for use in photovoltaic applications. The seven newly predicted materials are as follows: CsMnCl$_4$, Rb$_3$Mn$_2$Cl$_9$, Rb$_4$MnCl$_6$, Rb$_3$MnCl$_5$, RbMn$_2$Cl$_7$, RbMn$_4$Cl$_9$, and CsIn$_2$Cl$_7$. The predicted compounds are first screened using a machine learning approach, and their validity is subsequently verified through density functional theory calculations. CsMnCl$_4$ is notable among them, displaying a bandgap of 1.37 eV, falling within the Shockley-Queisser limit, making it suitable for photovoltaic applications. Through the integration of machine learning and density functional theory, this study presents a methodology that is more effective and thorough for the discovery and design of materials.

This paper explores the adaptation of Transformerbased models for edge devices through the quantisation and hardware acceleration of the ARM Keyword Transformer (KWT) model on a RISC-V platform. The model was targeted to run on 64kB RAM in bare-metal C using a custom-developed edge AI library. KWT-1 was retrained to be 369 times smaller, with only a 10% loss in accuracy through reducing output classes from 35 to 2. The retraining and quantisation reduced model size from 2.42 MB to 1.65 kB. The integration of custom RISC-V instructions that accelerated GELU and SoftMax operations enabled a 5x speedup and thus ~5x power reduction in inference, with inference clock cycle counts decreasing from 26 million to 5.5 million clock cycles while incurring a small area overhead of approximately 29%. The results demonstrate a viable method for porting and accelerating Transformer-based models in low-power IoT devices., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted to be published in the IEEE SOCC 2024 conference

Following recent experimental progress in the study of bottom baryons, we systematically calculate the mass spectra of $\Lambda_{b}$, $\Xi_{b}$, $\Sigma_{b}$, $\Xi_{b}^{'}$, and $\Omega_{b}$ baryons with a quark-diquark picture in the framework of a relativistic flux tube model with spin-dependent interactions in the j-j coupling scheme. Furthermore, we calculate the strong decay width of bottom baryons decaying into a bottom baryon and a light pseudoscalar meson. A good agreement is found between the calculated masses and the experimentally available masses of singly bottom baryons. %We interpret $\Sigma_{b}(6097)$ as a $1P(3/2^{-})$ state, $\Xi_{b}(6100)$ as $1P(1/2^{-})$ state of $\Xi_{b}$ baryon, $\Xi_{b}(6227)$ as a $1P(1/2^{-})$ or $1P(3/2^{-})$ state of $\Xi_{b}'$ baryon, $\Xi_{b}(6327)$ as a $1P(3/2^{-})$ state of $\Xi_{b}'$ baryon, and $\Xi_{b}(6333)$ as a $1P(3/2^{-})$ state of $\Xi_{b}'$ baryon. By analysing both mass spectra and strong decay widths, we interpret $\Sigma_{b}(6097)$ as a $1P(3/2^{-})$ state and $\Xi_{b}(6100)$ as a $1P(1/2^{-})$ state of $\Xi_{b}$ baryon. The $\Xi_{b}(6227)$ is identified to be an orbital excitation $1P$ of the $\Xi_{b}^{'}$ baryon with $J^{P}=3/2^{-}$. Further, we determine $\Xi_{b}(6327)$ and $\Xi_{b}(6333)$ as a $1P(3/2^{-})$ state and $1P(5/2^{-})$ state, respectively, of $\Xi_{b}^{'}$ baryon. From the obtained mass spectra, we construct the Regge trajectories in the $(J,M^{2})$ plane, which are found to be essentially linear, parallel, and equidistant. Our predictions for higher orbital and radial excited states can help experimentalists identify missing excited states of singly bottom baryons., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, Submitted in PRD

The resonance mass spectra have been studied through a non-relativistic hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM) using a linear potential. Also, the effects of higher order correction terms (${\cal{O}}(\frac{1}{m})$, ${\cal{O}}(\frac{1}{m^{2}})$) have been studied for improvisation of the results. Other baryonic properties such as Regge trajectories, magnetic moment and decay widths have been considered. A detailed comparison with other approaches are discussed in the present review., Comment: This is a Brief Review of Light Baryons. To be published in Few-Body Systems

Hadron spectroscopy is an important tool towards the study of internal quark dynamics in a composite system. The present article focuses on the study of resonance spectra of strange baryons with S=-2, -3. The non-relativistic approach utilizes screened potential as hypercentral one to obtain masses. The spin-dependent part for all possible hyperfine states has been incorporated., Comment: HADRON 2023, Nuovo Cimento II

In last few years the experimental evidence of charmed mesons is increasing remarkably. In the present work we systematically studied the $D$ meson by employing Regge phenomenology. By assuming the existence of the quasilinear Regge trajectories, several relations between Regge slope, intercept, and meson masses have been extracted. With the aid of these derived relations, Regge parameters are evaluated in both the ($J,M^{2}$) and ($n,M^{2}$) planes to obtain the mass spectra of $D$ meson. In the forthcoming years, we believe that more candidates will be reported and our predictions could provide useful information for future experimental evidences., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

The paper presents an innovative approach to address the challenges of scalability and reliability in Distributed Federated Learning by leveraging the integration of blockchain technology. The paper focuses on enhancing the trustworthiness of participating nodes through a trust penalization mechanism while also enabling asynchronous functionality for efficient and robust model updates. By combining Semi-Decentralized Federated Learning with Blockchain (SDFL-B), the proposed system aims to create a fair, secure and transparent environment for collaborative machine learning without compromising data privacy. The research presents a comprehensive system architecture, methodologies, experimental results, and discussions that demonstrate the advantages of this novel approach in fostering scalable and reliable SDFL-B systems., Comment: To appear in 2023 IEEE Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (IEEE UEMCON)

In this paper, we propose a certificate sharing system based on blockchain that gives students authority and control over their academic certificates. Our strategy involves developing blockchain-based NFT certifications that can be shared with institutions or employers using blockchain addresses. Students may access the data created by each individual institute in a single platform, filter the view of the relevant courses according to their requirements, and mint their certificate metadata as NFTs. This method provides accountability of access, comprehensive records that are permanently maintained in IPFS, and verifiable provenance for creating, distributing, and accessing certificates. It also makes it possible to share certificates more safely and efficiently. By incorporating trust factors through data provenance, our system provides a countermeasure against issues such as fake and duplicate certificates. It addresses the challenge of the traditional certificate verification processes, which are lengthy manual process. With this system, students can manage and validate their academic credentials from multiple institutions in one location while ensuring authenticity and confidentiality using digital signatures and hashing for data protection against unauthorized access. Overall, our suggested system ensures data safety, accountability, and confidentiality while offering a novel approach to certificate distribution.

In this article, the linear plus modified Yukawa potential (LIMYP) is used as the quark antiquark interaction potential for the approximate analytical bound state solution of the Klein Gordon equation in three-dimensional space. The energy eigenvalues and associated wavefunction are obtained by solving the Klein Gordon equation analytically using the Nikiforov Uvarov (NU) method. The mass spectra of heavy mesons such as charmonium $(c\bar{c})$, bottomonium $(b\bar{b})$, and $b\bar{c}$ for various quantum states are obtained using the energy spectra expression. In comparison to experimental data, graphical modification of acquired mass spectra of heavy mesons with the parameter employed in the energy equation and the current potential provides good results., Comment: 17 pages, 24 figures, 3 tables

An approximate bound state solution of the Klein-Gordon equation is derive analytically for the 3-dimensional space with a combination framework of linear plus modified Yukawa Potential (LIMYP) using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (N-U) method for obtaining the energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave function. A detailed study of mass spectra of all combination sets of heavy-light flavor mesons vis-a-vis $(Ks/Kq; K= C, B)$ is investigated by treating both heavy-light flavor mesons non-relativistic with an effective quark-antiquark interaction potential for different quantum states. Along with that, an elucidated graphical representation is scrutinized with the calculated mass spectra obtained from the energy eigenvalue against the corresponding variables for all the combination sets of heavy-light flavors mesons. Therefore, the current framework potential provides excellent reconciliation with the experimental data of states known to date and minuscule \% difference in lower quantum states, which increases with higher quantum states that can be correlated with the higher screening factor coming into the account., Comment: 28 pages, 32 figures, 4 tables

With the increasing importance of data sharing for collaboration and innovation, it is becoming more important to ensure that data is managed and shared in a secure and trustworthy manner. Data governance is a common approach to managing data, but it faces many challenges such as data silos, data consistency, privacy, security, and access control. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a comprehensive framework that integrates data trust in federated learning with InterPlanetary File System, blockchain, and smart contracts to facilitate secure and mutually beneficial data sharing while providing incentives, access control mechanisms, and penalizing any dishonest behavior. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model is effective in improving the accuracy of federated learning models while ensuring the security and fairness of the data-sharing process. The research paper also presents a decentralized federated learning platform that successfully trained a CNN model on the MNIST dataset using blockchain technology. The platform enables multiple workers to train the model simultaneously while maintaining data privacy and security. The decentralized architecture and use of blockchain technology allow for efficient communication and coordination between workers. This platform has the potential to facilitate decentralized machine learning and support privacy-preserving collaboration in various domains., Comment: To appear in the 5th International Congress on Blockchain and Applications (BLOCKCHAIN'23). Publish by the Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems series of Springer Verlag

In the present work, the mass-spectra of the light mesons, the kaons ($u\overline{s}$) and strangeonium ($s\overline{s}$) is systematically studied within the framework of Regge phenomenology. Several relations between Regge slope, intercept, and meson masses are extracted with the assumption of linear Regge trajectories. Using these relations the ground state masses ($1^{1}S_{0}$ and $1^{3}S_{1}$) of the pure $s\overline{s}$ states are evaluated. Further, the Regge slopes are extracted for kaons and strangeonium to obtain the orbitally excited state masses in the ($J,M^{2}$) plane. Similarly, the values of Regge parameters are calculated in the ($n,M^{2}$) plane for each Regge trajectory and obtain the radially excited state masses of mesons lying on that Regge trajectory. We compared our obtained spectrum with the experimental observations where available and with the predictions of other theoretical approaches. Here, we predict the possible quantum numbers of several recently observed experimental states, which still require further verification, and also evaluate the higher orbital and radial excited states that may be detected in the near future. We expect our predicted results could provide valuable information for future experimental searches for missing excited kaons and strangeonium mesons., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, 6 Tables

In-memory computing on a reconfigurable architecture is the emerging field which performs an application-based resource allocation for computational efficiency and energy optimization. In this work, we propose a Ferroelectric MirrorBit-integrated field-programmable reconfigurable memory. We show the conventional 1-Bit FeFET, the MirrorBit, and MirrorBit-based Ternary Content-addressable memory (MCAM or MirrorBit-based TCAM) within the same field-programmable array. Apart from the conventional uniform Up and Down polarization states, the additional states in the MirrorBit are programmed by applying a non-uniform electric field along the transverse direction, which produces a gradient in the polarization and the conduction band energy. This creates two additional states, thereby, creating a total of 4 states or 2-bit of information. The gradient in the conduction band resembles a Schottky barrier (Schottky diode), whose orientation can be configured by applying an appropriate field. The TCAM operation is demonstrated using the MirrorBit-based diode on the reconfigurable array. The reconfigurable array architecture can switch from AND-type to NOR-type and vice-versa. The AND-type array is appropriate for programming the conventional bit and the MirrorBit. The MirrorBit-based Schottky diode in the NOR-array resembles a crossbar structure, which is appropriate for diode-based CAM operation. Our proposed memory system can enable fast write via 1-bit FeFET, the dense data storage capability by Mirror-bit technology and the fast search capability of the MCAM. Further, the dual configurability enables power, area and speed optimization making the reconfigurable Fe-Mirrorbit memory a compelling solution for In-memory and associative computing.

We show that a homotopy equivalence between two non-compact orientable surfaces is homotopic to a homeomorphism if and only if it preserves the Goldman bracket, provided our surfaces are neither the plane nor the punctured plane., Comment: to appear in Algebraic and Geometric Topology

Compact and energy-efficient Synapse and Neurons are essential to realize the full potential of neuromorphic computing. In addition, a low variability is indeed needed for neurons in Deep neural networks for higher accuracy. Further, process (P), voltage (V), and temperature (T) variation (PVT) are essential considerations for low-power circuits as performance impact and compensation complexities are added costs. Recently, band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) neuron has been demonstrated to operate successfully in a network to enable a Liquid State Machine. A comparison of the PVT with competing modes of operation (e.g., BTBT vs. sub-threshold and above threshold) of the same transistor is a critical factor in assessing performance. In this work, we demonstrate the PVT variation impact in the BTBT regime and benchmark the operation against the subthreshold slope (SS) and ON-regime (ION) of partially depleted-Silicon on Insulator MOSFET. It is shown that the On-state regime offers the lowest variability but dissipates higher power. Hence, not usable for low-power sources. Among the BTBT and SS regimes, which can enable the low-power neuron, the BTBT regime has shown ~3x variability reduction ({\sigma}_I_D/{\mu}_I_D) than the SS regime, considering the cumulative PVT variability. The improvement is due to the well-known weaker P, V, and T dependence of BTBT vs. SS. We show that the BTBT variation is uncorrelated with mutually correlated SS & ION operation - indicating its different origin from the mechanism and location perspectives. Hence, the BTBT regime is promising for low-current, low-power, and low device-to-device variability neuron operation.

Inspired by a freshly synthesized two-dimensional biphenylene carbon network, which features a captivating combination of hexagonal, square, and octagonal rings, we explored a similar biphenylene network composed of boron, carbon, and nitrogen (bpn-BCN) using first-principles calculations. There are six possible phases of borocarbonitrides, which are isoelectronic to biphenylene carbon networks with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1:1 for boron (B), carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) atoms. All possible isoelectronic structures of the BCN combination of biphenylene networks are found to be stable, according to first-principles calculations. Furthermore, we employed first-principles calculations to investigate the electrochemical properties of the most stable geometry of BCN biphenylene as a potential anode material for alkali metal (AM) ion batteries. The electronic properties of the stable phase of bpn-BCN reveal its narrow bandgap semiconductor nature. The ion diffusion calculations show a low activation barrier for Li, Na, and K of 0.65 eV, 0.26 eV, and 0.23 eV, respectively, indicating a fast charge/discharge rate. Furthermore, the theoretical capacities of the BCN biphenylene monolayer for Li (1057.33 mAh/g), Na (647.27 mAh/g), and K (465.98 mAh/g) are found to be greater than those of commercial graphite. The average open-circuit voltage for AM decreases with increasing metal ion concentrations. It falls within a reasonable range of 0.34 to 1.89 V. Our results show that the BCN biphenylene monolayer could be a promising anode material in alkali metal ion rechargeable batteries.

We calculate the mass spectra of $\Lambda_{c}$, $\Xi_{c}$, $\Sigma_{c}$, $\Xi_{c}^{'}$, and $\Omega_{c}$ baryons in the framework of quark-diquark configuration using relativistic flux tube model. The spin-dependent interactions are included in the j-j coupling scheme to find complete mass spectra. We satisfactorily describe the known singly charmed baryons in quark-diquark configuration. The possible spin-parity $ J^{P} $ quantum numbers are assigned to several experimentally observed states. Furthermore, some useful mass predictions are given for more excited states that are reasonably consistent with other model predictions for lower excited states. {From the obtained results the Regge trajectories for these singly charmed baryons are constructed in the ($J,M^{2}$) plane and the properties like linearity, parallelism and equidistant are verified.} Also, these predictions should be tested in future experiments., Comment: 18 Pages, 9 figures Accepted in Phys. Rev. D

Relation extraction models trained on a source domain cannot be applied on a different target domain due to the mismatch between relation sets. In the current literature, there is no extensive open-source relation extraction dataset specific to the finance domain. In this paper, we release FinRED, a relation extraction dataset curated from financial news and earning call transcripts containing relations from the finance domain. FinRED has been created by mapping Wikidata triplets using distance supervision method. We manually annotate the test data to ensure proper evaluation. We also experiment with various state-of-the-art relation extraction models on this dataset to create the benchmark. We see a significant drop in their performance on FinRED compared to the general relation extraction datasets which tells that we need better models for financial relation extraction., Comment: Accepted at FinWeb at WWW'22

This project investigates the benefits of containerization technology in modern software development and deployment. The study emphasizes the advantages of using Kubernetes and Docker in the development process, including the easy packaging and deployment of microservices, efficient resource utilization, faster startup times, and greater scalability and flexibility. The project concludes by proposing a study that involves creating a polyglot microservice application using Java, Python, and JavaScript, containerizing it with Docker, and deploying it in Kubernetes. The study aims to evaluate service discovery and auto-scaling in distributed mode and compare the performance metrics with virtual machines and containers. The results of this study can inform software development teams about the benefits of containerization in modern software development and deployment.

For a complicated algorithm, its implementation by a human programmer usually starts with outlining a rough control flow followed by iterative enrichments, eventually yielding carefully generated syntactic structures and variables in a hierarchy. However, state-of-the-art large language models generate codes in a single pass, without intermediate warm-ups to reflect the structured thought process of "outline-then-detail". Inspired by the recent success of chain-of-thought prompting, we propose ChainCoder, a program synthesis language model that generates Python code progressively, i.e. from coarse to fine in multiple passes. We first decompose source code into layout frame components and accessory components via abstract syntax tree parsing to construct a hierarchical representation. We then reform our prediction target into a multi-pass objective, each pass generates a subsequence, which is concatenated in the hierarchy. Finally, a tailored transformer architecture is leveraged to jointly encode the natural language descriptions and syntactically aligned I/O data samples. Extensive evaluations show that ChainCoder outperforms state-of-the-arts, demonstrating that our progressive generation eases the reasoning procedure and guides the language model to generate higher-quality solutions. Our codes are available at: https://github.com/VITA-Group/ChainCoder., Comment: Accepted in ICML 2023

Energy-efficient real-time synapses and neurons are essential to enable large-scale neuromorphic computing. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate the Schottky-Barrier MOSFET-based ultra-low power voltage-controlled current source to enable real-time neurons for neuromorphic computing. Schottky-Barrier MOSFET is fabricated on a Silicon-on-insulator platform with polycrystalline Silicon as the channel and Nickel/Platinum as the source/drain. The Poly-Si and Nickel make the back-to-back Schottky junction enabling ultra-low ON current required for energy-efficient neurons.

Fog computing is an emerging technology in the field of network services where data transfer from one device to another to perform some kind of activity. Fog computing is an extended concept of cloud computing. It works in-between the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud data centers and reduces the communication gaps. Fog computing has made possible to have decreased latency and low network congestion. Fog computing is an on-going research trend in which the possibility of efficient network services exist. Fog computing can be described as a cloud type platform having similar services of data computation, data storage and application service but it is fundamentally different as it decentralized. In this paper, we have done a comprehensive survey on fog computing& IoT and described the fog computing architecture and analyze its different benefits and applications. We have also analyzed the security aspects of fog computing & IoT, which is necessary and an important part of any kind of technology used in data communication system., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

Triply heavy baryons with quark content $ccb$ and $cbb$ are investigated within the framework of Regge phenomenology. With the assumption of linear Regge trajectories, we have extracted the relations between Regge parameters and baryon masses. Using these relations, we compute the ground state masses of $\Omega_{ccb}$ and $\Omega_{cbb}$ baryons. Further, the Regge slopes and intercepts are estimated for these baryons to obtain the excited state masses in the $(J,M^{2})$ and $(n,M^{2})$ planes. \textbf{Also, using the obtained results we calculate the other properties like magnetic moment and radiative decay width of these triply heavy baryons.} We compare our evaluated results with those obtained by the other theoretical approaches, and our results show a general agreement with them. The present study and our predictions will provide significant clues for future experimental research of these unseen triply heavy baryons., Comment: 16 Pages, 4 figures, 7 tables

HfO2-based Ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) has become a center of attraction for non-volatile memory applications because of their low power, fast switching speed, high scalability, and CMOS compatibility. In this work, we show an n-channel FeFET-based Multibit memory, termed MirrorBit, which effectively doubles the chip density via programming the gradient ferroelectric polarizations in the gate using an appropriate biasing scheme. We have experimentally demonstrated MirrorBit on GlobalFoundries HfO2-based FeFET devices fabricated at 28 nm bulk HKMG CMOS technology. Retention of MirrorBit states has been shown up to $10^5$ s at different temperatures. Also, the endurance is found to be more than $10^3$ cycles. A TCAD simulation is also presented to explain the origin and working of MirrorBit states based on the FeFET model calibrated using the GlobalFoundries FeFET device. We have also proposed the array-level implementation and sensing methodology of the MirrorBit memory. Thus, we have converted 1-bit FeFET into 2-bit FeFET using a particular programming scheme in existing FeFET, without needing any notable fabrication process alteration, to double the chip density for high-density non-volatile memory storage., Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures

In this paper, we presented the mass spectra of the doubly heavy $\Omega$ baryons containing one light (strange) quark and two heavy (charm and bottom) quarks. Our predicted masses can be consider to determine the $J^p$ value for the resonances detected by experimental facilities in future. The masses of ground excited states (1S-6S, 1P-3P, 1D-2D, 1F-2F) are calculated for all possible $J^p$ values, using the Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM), by employing screened potential as confining potential with color-Coloumb potential. Regge trajectories are also plotted in $(J, M^2)$ plane for natural and unnatural parities. Doubly heavy Omega states are not declared yet by any experimental facility. We compared our results to the predictions gained from other theoretical approaches, and we found that our predictions are quite close to those of them. Other properties such as magnetic moment (for spin state $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{3}{2}$) and radiative decay width are calculated using the enuerated masses., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables

Knowledge graph (KG) is used to represent data in terms of entities and structural relations between the entities. This representation can be used to solve complex problems such as recommendation systems and question answering. In this study, a set of candidate drugs for COVID-19 are proposed by using Drug repurposing knowledge graph (DRKG). DRKG is a biological knowledge graph constructed using a vast amount of open source biomedical knowledge to understand the mechanism of compounds and the related biological functions. Node and relation embeddings are learned using knowledge graph embedding models and neural network and attention related models. Different models are used to get the node embedding by changing the objective of the model. These embeddings are later used to predict if a candidate drug is effective to treat a disease or how likely it is for a drug to bind to a protein associated to a disease which can be modelled as a link prediction task between two nodes. RESCAL performed the best on the test dataset in terms of MR, MRR and Hits@3.

In the present article the mass spectrum, decay constant, weak decay widths, life time and branching fraction ratios and electromagnetic transition widths are calculated for ground and radially excited $B_c$ meson. To calculate the above properties the Schr\"{o}dinger equation has been solved numerically for the potential. The potential employed consists of relativistic correction in the framework of pNRQCD, added to the Cornell potential. The calculated results are compared with available experimental and theoretical results.

In contrast to past studies, the current paper is focused on baryons, and all four isospin states have been independently generated using u and d quarks with various constituent masses. The hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM) serves as the theoretical foundation for computing the resonance masses. The spin-dependent and first order correction terms are added to the confining potential, which is assumed to be in linear form. The resulting results have been contrasted with a wide range of methodologies and experimentally practicable states. Regge trajectories for (n,M^2) and (J,M^2) have also been displayed in addition to mass spectra., Comment: 7 pages, 6 Figures, Book Chapter submitted to NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2022, IITE Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2204.08840

Writing reports by analyzing medical images is error-prone for inexperienced practitioners and time consuming for experienced ones. In this work, we present RepsNet that adapts pre-trained vision and language models to interpret medical images and generate automated reports in natural language. RepsNet consists of an encoder-decoder model: the encoder aligns the images with natural language descriptions via contrastive learning, while the decoder predicts answers by conditioning on encoded images and prior context of descriptions retrieved by nearest neighbor search. We formulate the problem in a visual question answering setting to handle both categorical and descriptive natural language answers. We perform experiments on two challenging tasks of medical visual question answering (VQA-Rad) and report generation (IU-Xray) on radiology image datasets. Results show that RepsNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods with 81.08 % classification accuracy on VQA-Rad 2018 and 0.58 BLEU-1 score on IU-Xray. Supplementary details are available at https://sites.google.com/view/repsnet

Inspired by the lower statistical information in the bottom {\bf sector, in this paper, we} calculate the masses and the strong decays of excited $B$ and $B_s$ mesons in the framework of heavy quark effective theory (HQET). Using an effective chiral Lagrangian approach based on heavy quark spin-flavor and light quark chiral symmetry, we explore the flavor independent parameters $\Delta_F^{(c)} = \Delta_F^{(b)}$ and $\lambda_F^{(c)} = \lambda_F^{(b)}$ to calculate the masses of experimentally unknown bottom mesons. Our predictions are consistent with the available experimental results and other theoretical studies. Their strong decay to the ground state bottom mesons plus light pseudoscalar mesons is calculated in terms of the square of the couplings $g_H$, $g_S$, $g_T$, $g_X$, $g_Y$, and $g_R$. The weighted average value of the couplings $g_H$, $g_S$ and $g_T$ {\bf is} obtained in the charm sector [Phys. Rev. D \textbf{86}, 054024 (2012)] by fitting the calculated decay widths with experimental measurements, which will be used in the present study to analyze the strong decays of excited open bottom mesons. Moreover, the ratio of the decay rates is also predicted, which can be countered with future experimental data., Comment: 13 pages Accepted for publication in EPJC

Developers heavily rely on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) from libraries to build their software. As software evolves, developers may need to replace the used libraries with alternate libraries, a process known as library migration. Doing this manually can be tedious, time-consuming, and prone to errors. Automated migration techniques can help alleviate some of this burden. However, designing effective automated migration techniques requires understanding the types of code changes required to transform client code that used the old library to the new library. This paper contributes an empirical study that provides a holistic view of Python library migrations, both in terms of the code changes required in a migration and the typical development effort involved. We manually label 3,096 migration-related code changes in 335 Python library migrations from 311 client repositories spanning 141 library pairs from 35 domains. Based on our labeled data, we derive a taxonomy for describing migration-related code changes, PyMigTax. Leveraging PyMigTax and our labeled data, we investigate various characteristics of Python library migrations, such as the types of program elements and properties of API mappings, the combinations of types of migration-related code changes in a migration, and the typical development effort required for a migration. Our findings highlight various potential shortcomings of current library migration tools. For example, we find that 40% of library pairs have API mappings that involve non-function program elements, while most library migration techniques typically assume that function calls from the source library will map into (one or more) function calls from the target library. As an approximation for the development effort involved, we find that, on average, a developer needs to learn about 4 APIs and 2 API mappings to perform a migration, and ... (truncated)

We investigated the four-quark systems with quark structures of $cs\bar{c}\bar{s}$, $cq\bar{c}\bar{s}$, $bs\bar{b}\bar{s}$, and $bq\bar{b}\bar{s}$ in the framework of the non-relativistic quark model, motivated by the recent observation of exotic resonances X(4140), X(4274), X(4350), X(4500), and X(4700) reported by several experiment collaborations. The colour antitriplet-triplet configuration of diquark-antidiquark combinations with all conceivable quantum numbers have been used to calculate their masses. The results reveal that if the colour structure of the diquark-antidiquark configuration is $\bar{3}_{c} \otimes 3$, the tetraquarks structures may occur otherwise may observed as resonance. The X(4274) state, can be defined as the $J^{PC}$=$2^{++}$ tetraquark state, while the X(4140) state can be regarded as the $J^{PC}$=$1^{++}$ tetraquark state in this calculation. When radial excitation is considered, X(4700) may be explained as a 2S radial excited tetraquark state with $J^{PC}$=$0^{++}$. The orbitally excited states Y(4626), Y(4630) and Y(4660) can be explained as P-wave tetraquark with quantum number $1^{--}$. The masses of [$bs\bar{b}\bar{s}$] and [$bq\bar{b}\bar{s}$] are found to be in the range between 10.5 GeV- 11.5 GeV and are very close to two-meson thresholds., Comment: 13 Pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.00679. text overlap with arXiv:2108.06521

The mass spectra of light-heavy tetraquarks $cq\bar{c}\bar{q}$ (q= u, d) are computed in a non-relativistic diquark model with one-gluon exchange plus confining potential. In the diquark model, a $cq\bar{c}\bar{q}$ state is regarded to be made of a light-heavy diquark (qc) and an antidiquark $\bar{q}\bar{c}$ in triplet and antitriplet colour configuration respectively. The masses of charm mesons were calculated in order to fit the model parameters used to create the masses of tetraquarks and therefore enhance the model's reliability. The masses of $(cq\bar{c}\bar{q})$ tetra-quark states are determined to be in the range of 3.8 GeV - 4.7 GeV, which is consistent with the experimentally reported charmonium-like states. In particular, the $Z_{c}(3900)$, $Z_{c}(4430)$, and $\psi(4660)$ tetraquarks, which have been seen experimentally, may all be described by our model., Comment: 13 pages, 5 Tables, Contribution for ICNFP-2021

Using the Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM), the mass spectra of doubly heavy baryons $\Xi_{cb}$ and $\Xi_{bb}$ are determined. The model describes an interaction inside the baryonic system. Screened potential has been considered as confining potential with color-Coloumb potential to enumerate the masses of baryonic states. Regge trajectories have been plotted in $(J, M^2)$ plane. The properties like magnetic moment and radiative decay width have been determined using the obtained results., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in IJMPA

In this article, we study the mass spectra of baryons containing two heavy quarks; charm-charm ($cc$) and bottom-charm ($bc$) with a light quark ($u,d,s$) within the framework of Regge phenomenology. With the assumption of linear Regge trajectories we have derived the relations between slope ratios, intercepts, and baryon masses. Using these relations, the ground state masses of $\Xi_{cc}$, $\Xi_{bc}$, $\Omega_{cc}$, and $\Omega_{bc}$ baryons are obtained. The values of Regge slopes and Regge intercepts are extracted for these baryons to estimate the excited state masses in both the ($J,M^{2}$) and ($n,M^{2}$) planes. Our obtained results are compared with the experimental observations where available and other theoretical predictions, which could be a valuable addition to the interpretations of experimentally unknown heavy baryon spectra., Comment: 16 pages, 8 Tables

The present article contains the descriptive study of light strange baryons $\Lambda$, $\Sigma$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$. The Regge phenomenology with quasi-linear Regge trajectories has been employed and the relations between Regge slopes, intercepts, and baryon masses have been extracted. With the aid of these relations, ground state masses are obtained for $\Xi$ and $\Omega$ baryons. Further, the Regge parameters have also been estimated to calculate the excited state masses for $\Lambda$, $\Sigma$, $\Xi$, and $\Omega$ baryons in both the $(J,M^{2})$ and $(n,M^{2})$ planes. The obtained results are compared with available experimental data and various theoretical approaches. The spin-parity of recently observed light baryons are predicted in this work and our predictions may be useful in future experimental searches of these baryons and their $J^{P}$ assignments., Comment: 19 pages, accepted in Nucl. Phys. A

The spectroscopy of light, strange baryons have been an important aspect with still unknown resonances and intrinsic baryonic properties. The present document is focused on the $\Delta$ baryons unlike earlier work, here all the four isospin states have been separately obtained treating u and d quarks with different constituent masses. The theoretical framework for calculating the resonance masses is hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM). The confining potential is taken as of linear form alongwith the addition of spin-dependent as well as first order correction term. The results obtained have been compared with many varied approaches as well as experimental available states. In addition to mass spectra, Regge trajectories for (n,$M^{2}$) and (J,$M^{2}$) have been plotted. The magnetic moment as well as transition magnetic moment have been calculated using effective quark mass. The radiative decay width has been studied for $\Delta^{+}$ and $\Delta^{0}$ channels., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

We investigate the formation of the large scale structures in the present accelerated era in $f(R)$ gravity background. This is done by considering the linear growth of matter perturbations at low redshift $z<1$. The effect of $f(R)$ alters the behaviour of the matter density perturbations from the matter dominated universe to the late-time accelerated universe which is encoded in the Newtonian gravitational constant as $G\rightarrow G_{eff}$. The modified gravitational constant ($G_{eff}$) depends on the form of $f(R)$. The late-time accelerated expansion affects the formation of large scale structures by slowing down the growth of matter density. On the other hand, $f(R)$ increases the growth rate of the matter density perturbations. We have found that the source term in $f(R)$ background, $G_{eff}\Omega_m$ overcomes the accelerated expansion and the effect of accelerated expansion suppresses the formation of the large scale structures in the asymptotic future., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

We enumerated ground and excited state masses of singly heavy bottom-strange baryons using the Hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM). The screening potential is used with color-Coulomb potential, as the confining potential. We determine the possible $J^P$ values to recently observed excited states like, $\Xi_b(6100)$, $\Xi_b(6227)$, $\Xi_b(6327)$, $\Xi_b(6333)$ and four $\Omega_b(6316,6330,6340,6350)$ states. The Regge trajectories are plotted in $(J, M^2)$ plane to assign the $J^P$ values and quantum numbers to recently observed states. Using the calculated spectroscopic data, properties such as magnetic moment, transition magnetic moment, radiative decay width, and strong decay width are also investigated for all singly heavy bottom-strange baryonic system., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures Accepted for the publication in IJMPA