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Solar activity in the past millennia can only be reconstructed from cosmogenic radionuclide records in terrestrial archives. However, because of the diversity of the proxy archives, it is difficult to build a homogeneous reconstruction. Here we provide a new consistent multiproxy reconstruction of the solar activity over the last 9000 years, using available long-span datasets of 10Be and 14C in terrestrial archives. A new method, based on a Bayesian approach, was applied for the first time to solar activity reconstruction. A Monte Carlo search for the most probable value of the modulation potential was performed to match data from different datasets for a given time. We used six 10Be series from Greenland and Antarctica, and the global 14C production series. The 10Be series were resampled to match wiggles related to the grand minima in the 14C reference dataset. The GRIP and the EDML 10Be series diverge from each other during the second half of the Holocene, while the 14C series lies between them. A likely reason for this is the insufficiently precise beryllium transport and deposition model for Greenland. A slow 6-millennia variability with lows at ca. 5500 BC and 1500 AD of solar activity is found. Two components of solar activity can be statistically distinguished: the main 'normal' component and a component corresponding to grand minima. A possible existence of a component representing grand maxima is indicated, but it cannot be separated from the main component in a statistically significant manner. A new consistent reconstruction of solar activity over the last nine millennia is presented with the most probable values of decadal sunspot numbers and their realistic uncertainties. Independent components of solar activity corresponding to the main moderate activity and the grand-minimum state are identified; they may be related to different operation modes of the dynamo., Comment: A&A, in print (the abstract has been slightly modified w/r to the original paper to match the ArXiv length limitations)

Factor analyses identified 3 domains of resiliency with 11 separate factors involving 54 items for exceptional urban students based on 613 parent ratings of an initial pool of 94 items for an experimental Coping with Disabilities Scales. The factors were labeled: Knowledge of Exceptionality; Planning for Needs; and Alternative Thinking for the Exceptionality Problem Solving domain. For the Resilience Behavior domain, four factors were identified that were labeled: (1) Modeling/Active; (2) Self-Efficacy/Locus of Control; (3) Positive Peer Relations; and (4) Positive Adult Relations. A Social Support domain included four factors labeled Mother/Teacher, Nuclear Family, Extended Family, and Community. The revised scale was named the Resilience Assessment of Exceptional Students (RAES) and a domain of stressors was revised and labeled Child Life Experience Checklist. Results are reviewed relevant to applications for assessment, intervention, and research. (Contains 3 tables and 17 references.) (Author/SLD)

This study analyzed the association between resilience and violence as rated by teachers and parents of exceptional students (N=613) from large urban, public schools in Ohio. Multiple types of exceptionalities were represented and a high proportion of the diversity came from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Resilience predictor variables were assessed using the Resilience Assessment of Exceptional Students-Parent Rating Form which considered such variables as knowledge; planning for needs; problem-solving; modeling; peer relations; adult interactions; extended family; and community support. The results indicated that positive peer relations were most consistent with unique predictions of violence and externalizing behavior problems. Urban exceptional youth who are violent with externalizing problems have higher positive relations. This finding is consistent with previous research results. It concludes that exceptional youth with violent or aggressive behavior may benefit from techniques to promote peer leadership in socially positive ways. (Contains 3 tables and 10 references.) (JDM)

The Coping with Disability Scales (CDS) (J. Perry and E. Bard, 1992) was developed to provide a social-emotional assessment specific to disabilities. This report provides a preliminary test of construct validity for a Resilience Profile from the Parent Rating Scale of the CDS through factor analysis, focusing on three subdomains: (1) Disability Problem Solving; (2) Social Skills; and (3) Competence Orientation Resiliency Factors. The sample was composed of 613 special education students with a variety of disabilities from a large urban public school district. Factor analysis results support the construct validity of the Resilience Profile from the CDS Parent Rating Scale. Revisions of the entire CDS will include the Resilience Profile. Some of the potential uses of the profile, which include the study of reasons for academic performance, are discussed. The Resilience Profile is attached. (SLD)

Simulations of climate over the Last Millennium (850-1850 CE) have been incorporated into the third phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3). The drivers of climate over this period are chiefly orbital, solar, volcanic, changes in land use/land cover and some variation in greenhouse gas levels. While some of these effects can be easily defined, the reconstructions of solar, volcanic and land use-related forcing are more uncertain. We describe here the approach taken in defining the scenarios used in PMIP3, document the forcing reconstructions and discuss likely implications.