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The purpose of "Focus" is to provide coverage of poverty-related research, events, and issues, and to acquaint a large audience with the work of the Institute for Research on Poverty by means of short essays on selected pieces of research. This issue contains the following articles: (1) Progress toward Improving the U.S. Poverty Measure: Developing the New Supplemental Poverty Measure (David Johnson); (2) Measuring Poverty in Wisconsin (Joanna Marks, Julia Isaacs, Katherine Thornton, and Timothy Smeeding); (3) How Well Do We Understand Achievement Gaps? (Eric A. Hanushek); (4) Transfers and Taxes and the Low-Income Population: Policy and Research Trends (Richard Burkhauser, Robert Moffitt, and John Karl Scholz); (5) Revisiting an Old Question: How Much Does Parental Income Affect Child Outcomes? (Susan E. Mayer); and (6) An Alien Parachutes into Economic Research on Low-Income Populations (Thomas D. Cook). Individual articles contain tables, figures and footnotes.

The purpose of "Focus" is to provide coverage of poverty-related research, events, and issues, and to acquaint a large audience with the work of the Institute for Research on Poverty by means of short essays on selected pieces of research. This issue contains the following articles: (1) Changing poverty and changing antipoverty policies (Maria Cancian and Sheldon Danziger); (2) Poverty levels and trends in comparative perspective (Daniel R. Meyer and Geoffrey L. Wallace); (3) Economic change and the structure of opportunity for less-skilled workers (Rebecca M. Blank); (4) Family structure, childbearing, and parental employment: Implications for the level and trend in poverty (Maria Cancian and Deborah Reed); (5) Immigration and poverty in the United States (Steven Raphael and Eugene Smolensky); (6) Enduring influences of childhood poverty (Katherine Magnuson and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal); (7) Mobility in the United States in comparative perspective (Markus Jantti); (8) Trends in income support (John Karl Scholz, Robert Moffitt, and Benjamin Cowan); (9) The role of family policies in antipoverty policy (Jane Waldfogel); (10) Improving educational outcomes for poor children (Brian A. Jacob and Jens Ludwig); (11) Workforce development as an antipoverty strategy: What do we know? What should we do? (Harry J. Holzer); (12) Health care for the poor: For whom, what care, and whose responsibility? (Katherine Swartz); (13) Poverty politics and policy (Mary Jo Bane); and (14) What does it mean to be poor in a rich society? (Robert Haveman). Individual articles contain tables, figures and footnotes.

The purpose of "Focus" is to provide coverage of poverty-related research, events, and issues, and to acquaint a large audience with the work of the Institute for Research on Poverty by means of short essays on selected pieces of research. This issue features articles drawn from four of the conference papers presented at the September 2007 IRP (Institute for Research on Poverty) conference Pathways to Self-Sufficiency: (1) Effects of welfare and antipoverty programs on participants' children (Greg J. Duncan, Lisa Gennetian, and Pamela Morris); (2) Improving educational outcomes for disadvantaged children (David N. Figlio); (3) The employment prospects of ex-offenders (Steven Raphael); and (4) The growing problem of disconnected single mothers (Rebecca Blank and Brian Kovak). An introductory essay (Pathways to self-sufficiency) by Carolyn Heinrich and John Karl Scholz is also included. Individual articles contain figures and footnotes.

The purpose of "Focus" is to provide coverage of poverty-related research, events, and issues, and to acquaint a large audience with the work of the Institute for Research on Poverty by means of short essays on selected pieces of research. This issue contains the following articles: (1) The new global labor market (Richard B. Freeman); (2) Improving individual success for community-college students (Susan Scrivener); (3) A primer on U.S. welfare reform (Robert Moffitt); (4) Rethinking the safety net: Gaps and instability in help for the working poor (Scott W. Allard); and (5) A longitudinal perspective on income inequality in the United States and Europe (Markus Gangl). Individual articles contain tables, figures and footnotes.