1. Imaging electric field dynamics with graphene optoelectronics
- Author
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Horng, Jason, Balch, Halleh B., McGuire, Allister F., Tsai, Hsin-Zon, Forrester, Patrick R., Crommie, Michael F., Cui, Bianxiao, and Wang, Feng
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
The use of electric fields for signalling and control in liquids is widespread, spanning bioelectric activity in cells to electrical manipulation of microstructures in lab-on-a-chip devices. However, an appropriate tool to resolve the spatio-temporal distribution of electric fields over a large dynamic range has yet to be developed. Here we present a label-free method to image local electric fields in real time and under ambient conditions. Our technique combines the unique gate-variable optical transitions of graphene with a critically coupled planar waveguide platform that enables highly sensitive detection of local electric fields with a voltage sensitivity of a few microvolts, a spatial resolution of tens of micrometres and a frequency response over tens of kilohertz. Our imaging platform enables parallel detection of electric fields over a large field of view and can be tailored to broad applications spanning lab-on-a-chip device engineering to analysis of bioelectric phenomena., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, supplement can be found at 10.1038/ncomms13704
- Published
- 2019
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