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In recent years, knowledge distillation has been proved to be an effective solution for model compression. This approach can make lightweight student models acquire the knowledge extracted from cumbersome teacher models. However, previous distillation methods of detection have weak generalization for different detection frameworks and rely heavily on ground truth (GT), ignoring the valuable relation information between instances. Thus, we propose a novel distillation method for detection tasks based on discriminative instances without considering the positive or negative distinguished by GT, which is called general instance distillation (GID). Our approach contains a general instance selection module (GISM) to make full use of feature-based, relation-based and response-based knowledge for distillation. Extensive results demonstrate that the student model achieves significant AP improvement and even outperforms the teacher in various detection frameworks. Specifically, RetinaNet with ResNet-50 achieves 39.1% in mAP with GID on COCO dataset, which surpasses the baseline 36.2% by 2.9%, and even better than the ResNet-101 based teacher model with 38.1% AP., Comment: 10 pages (including 2 pages of References), 5 figures, 7 tables. Accepted by CVPR 2021. Camera Ready

Phonon-cavity electromechanics allows the manipulation of mechanical oscillations similar to photon-cavity systems. Many advances on this subject have been achieved in various materials. In addition, the coherent phonon transfer (phonon Rabi oscillations) between the phonon cavity mode and another oscillation mode has attracted many interest in nano-science. Here we demonstrate coherent phonon transfer in a carbon nanotube phonon-cavity system with two mechanical modes exhibiting strong dynamical coupling. The gate-tunable phonon oscillation modes are manipulated and detected by extending the red-detuned pump idea of photonic cavity electromechanics. The first- and second-order coherent phonon transfers are observed with Rabi frequencies 591 kHz and 125 kHz, respectively. The frequency quality factor product fQ_m~2=10^12 Hz achieved here is larger thank k_B T_base/h, which may enable the future realization of Rabi oscillations in the quantum regime.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention for use in nanomechanical devices because of their exceptional properties, such as large resonant frequencies, low mass, and high quality factors. Here, we report the first experimental realization of parametric strong coupling between two mechanical modes on a single CNT nanomechanical resonator, by applying an extra microwave pump. This parametric pump method can be used to couple mechanical modes with arbitrary frequency differences. The properties of the mechanical resonator are detected by single-electron tunneling at low temperature, which is found to be strongly coupled to both modes. The coupling strength between the two modes can be tuned by the pump power, setting the coupling regime from weak to strong. This tunability may be useful in further phonon manipulations in carbon nanotubes.

The self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (DFTB) theory is a useful tool for realizing the electronic structures of large molecular complex systems. In this study, we analyze the electronic structure of C61, formed by fullerene C60 with a carbon adatom, using the fully localized limit and pseudo self-interaction correction methods of DFTB to adjust the Hubbard U parameter (DFTB+U). The results show that both the methods used to adjust U can significantly reduce the molecular orbital energy of occupied states localized on the defect carbon atom and improve the gap between highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) of C61. This work will provide a methodological reference point for future DFTB calculations of the electronic structures of carbon materials., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

Coupling an electromechanical resonator with carbon-nanotube quantum dots is a significant method to control both the electronic charge and the spin quantum states. By exploiting a novel micro-transfer technique, we fabricate two strongly-coupled and electrically-tunable mechanical resonators on a single carbon nanotube for the first time. The frequency of the two resonators can be individually tuned by the bottom gates, and strong coupling is observed between the electron charge and phonon modes of each resonator. Furthermore, the conductance of either resonator can be nonlocally modulated by the phonon modes in the other resonator. Strong coupling is observed between the phonon modes of the two resonators, which provides an effective long distance electron-electron interaction. The generation of phonon-mediated-spin entanglement is also theoretically analyzed for the two resonators. This strongly-coupled nanotube electromechanical resonator array provides an experimental platform for future studies of the coherent electron-phonon interaction, the phonon mediated long-distance electron interaction, and entanglement state generation.

The covalent-like characteristics of hydrogen bonds offer a new perspective on intermolecular interactions. Here, using density functional theory and post-Hartree-Fock methods, we reveal that there are two bonding molecular orbitals (MOs) crossing the O and H atoms of the hydrogen-bond in water dimer. Energy decomposition analysis also shows a non-negligible contribution of the induction term. These results illustrate the covalent-like character of the hydrogen bond between water molecules, which contributes to the essential understanding of ice, liquid water, related materials, and life sciences., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures in text

The structural properties of the uranium-encapsulated nano-cage U@Au14 are predicted using density functional theory. The presence of the uranium atom makes the Au14 structure more stable than the empty Au14-cage, with a triplet ground electronic state for U@Au14. Analysis of the electronic structure shows that the two frontier single-occupied molecular orbital electrons of U@Au14 mainly originate from the 5f shell of the U atom after charge transfer. Meanwhile, the bonding orbitals have both the 5f and 6d components of the U atom, along with the 5d and 6s components of the Au atoms, indicating the covalent nature of the interaction between the U and Au atoms. Moreover, the charge population analysis shows that this nanostructure displays some unique electronic properties where the encapsulated atom gains electrons while the outer shell loses electrons. Therefore, this designed U@Au14 nano-cage structure is stabilized by ionocovalent interactions. The current findings provide theoretical basis for future syntheses and further study of actinide doped gold nanoclusters, which might subsequently facilitate applications of such structure in radio-labeling, nanodrug carrier and other biomedical applications.

Water clusters are known to form through hydrogen bonding. However, this study shows that the formation of very small water clusters significantly deviates from this mechanism and instead involves both hydrogen bonding and electron delocalization. Our density functional theory calculations show that small water rings (H2O)n of n=3 or 4 show strong electron delocalization originating from both the hydrogen and oxygen atoms and extending to the ring center. This is very different from larger rings. Further energy decomposition of rings with n=3-6 demonstrates an upward trend in the polarization component but an decrease in the electrostatic and exchange repulsion components, presenting a minimum and accounting for 33% of interaction energy at n=3. This significantly promotes stability of the small water rings. Our findings provide a comprehensive analysis and improve our understanding of the stability characteristics of water clusters.

The interaction between gaseous uranium dicarbide and graphite is significant for the safety control and design of Gen-IV nuclear energy system. In this article, the interaction mechanism has been studied using a simplified model of adsorption of two typical UC2 isomers (linear CUC and symmetric triangular structures) on graphene based on density functional theory calculations. The results reveal strong chemisorption characteristics between the UC2 and graphene, which is found different from the conventional weak intermolecular interaction. Interestingly, although the CUC structure can induce a double sp3-hybridization at the graphene, the most stable adsorption structure is formed by the triangular UC2 adsorbed at the hollow site of the graphene. Further bonding analysis indicates that the U 5f orbitals of the triangular UC2 are more active than that in the CUC, providing a larger effective bonding area in the adsorption system. Our calculations are helpful for understanding the role of actinide compounds in adsorption on carbon nanomaterials surface, especially for elucidating the bonding properties of 5f electrons., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures