Author: "Lu S" / Publication Type: Reports - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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87 results on '"Lu S"'

1. Shower Separation in Five Dimensions for Highly Granular Calorimeters using Machine Learning

Author: Lai, S., Utehs, J., Wilhahn, A., Fouz, M. C., Bach, O., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Hartbrich, O., Heuchel, D., Irles, A., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., De Silva, M., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Liu, L., Masuda, R., Murata, T., Ootani, W., Seino, T., Takatsu, T., Tsuji, N., Pöschl, R., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Hummer, F., Simon, F., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Nanni, J., Videau, H., Buhmann, E., Garutti, E., Huck, S., Kasieczka, G., Martens, S., Rolph, J., Wellhausen, J., Bilki, B., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Emberger, L., and Graf, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: To achieve state-of-the-art jet energy resolution for Particle Flow, sophisticated energy clustering algorithms must be developed that can fully exploit available information to separate energy deposits from charged and neutral particles. Three published neural network-based shower separation models were applied to simulation and experimental data to measure the performance of the highly granular CALICE Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter (AHCAL) technological prototype in distinguishing the energy deposited by a single charged and single neutral hadron for Particle Flow. The performance of models trained using only standard spatial and energy and charged track position information from an event was compared to models trained using timing information available from AHCAL, which is expected to improve sensitivity to shower development and, therefore, aid in clustering. Both simulation and experimental data were used to train and test the models and their performances were compared. The best-performing neural network achieved significantly superior event reconstruction when timing information was utilised in training for the case where the charged hadron had more energy than the neutral one, motivating temporally sensitive calorimeters. All models under test were observed to tend to allocate energy deposited by the more energetic of the two showers to the less energetic one. Similar shower reconstruction performance was observed for a model trained on simulation and applied to data and a model trained and applied to data.
Published: 2024

2. Using graph neural networks to reconstruct charged pion showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter

Author: Aamir, M., Acar, B., Adamov, G., Adams, T., Adloff, C., Afanasiev, S., Agrawal, C., Ahmad, A., Ahmed, H. A., Akbar, S., Akchurin, N., Akgul, B., Akgun, B., Akpinar, R. O., Aktas, E., AlKadhim, A., Alexakhin, V., Alimena, J., Alison, J., Alpana, A., Alshehri, W., Dominguez, P. Alvarez, Alyari, M., Amendola, C., Amir, R. B., Andersen, S. B., Andreev, Y., Antoszczuk, P. D., Aras, U., Ardila, L., Aspell, P., Avila, M., Awad, I., Aydilek, O., Azimi, Z., Pretel, A. Aznar, Bach, O. A., Bainbridge, R., Bakshi, A., Bam, B., Banerjee, S., Barney, D., Bayraktar, O., Beaudette, F., Beaujean, F., Becheva, E., Behera, P. K., Belloni, A., Bergauer, T., Besancon, M., Bylund, O. Bessidskaia, Bhatt, L., Bhowmil, D., Blekman, F., Blinov, P., Bloch, P., Bodek, A., Boger, a., Bonnemaison, A., Bouyjou, F., Brennan, L., Brondolin, E., Brusamolino, A., Bubanja, I., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Bunin, P., Misura, A. Burazin, Butler-nalin, A., Cakir, A., Callier, S., Campbell, S., Canderan, K., Cankocak, K., Cappati, A., Caregari, S., Carron, S., Carty, C., Cauchois, A., Ceard, L., Cerci, S., Chang, P. J., Chatterjee, R. M., Chatterjee, S., Chattopadhyay, P., Chatzistavrou, T., Chaudhary, M. S., Chauhan, A., Chen, J. A., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Cheng, K., Cheung, H., Chhikara, J., Chiron, A., Chiusi, M., Chokheli, D., Chudasama, R., Clement, E., Mendez, S. Coco, Coko, D., Coskun, K., Couderc, F., Crossman, B., Cui, Z., Cuisset, T., Cummings, G., Curtis, E. M., D'Alfonso, M., D-hler-ball, J., Dadazhanova, O., Damgov, J., Das, I., DasGupta, S., Dauncey, P., Mendes, A. David Tinoco, Davies, G., Davignon, O., DeLa, P. deBarbaroC., DeSilva, M., DeWit, A., Debbins, P., Defranchis, M. M., Delagnes, E., Devouge, P., Dewangan, C., DiGuglielmo, G., Diehl, L., Dilsiz, K., Dincer, G. G., Dittmann, J., Dragicevic, M., Du, D., Dubinchik, B., Dugad, S., Dulucq, F., Dumanoglu, I., Duran, B., Dutta, S., Dutta, V., Dychkant, A., Dünser, M., Edberg, T., Ehle, I. T., Berni, A. El, Elias, F., Eno, S. C., Erdogan, E. N., Erkmen, B., Ershov, Y., Ertorer, E. Y., Extier, S., Eychenne, L., Fedar, Y. E., Fedi, G., De Almeida, J. P. Figueiredo De De Sá Sousa, Alves, B. A. Fontana Santos Santos, Frahm, E., Francis, K., Freeman, J., French, T., Gaede, F., Gandhi, P. K., Ganjour, S., Garcia-Bellido, A., Gastaldi, F., Gazi, L., Gecse, Z., Gerwig, H., Gevin, O., Ghosh, S., Gill, K., Gleyzer, S., Godinovic, N., Goek, M., Goettlicher, P., Goff, R., Golunov, A., Gonultas, B., Martínez, J. D. González, Gorbounov, N., Gouskos, L., Gray, A., Gray, L., Grieco, C., Groenroos, S., Groner, D., Gruber, A., Grummer, A., Grönroos, S., Guilloux, F., Guler, Y., Gungordu, A. D., Guo, J., Guo, K., Guler, E. Gurpinar, Gutti, H. K., Guvenli, A. A., Gülmez, E., Hacisahinoglu, B., Halkin, Y., Machado, G. Hamilton Ilha, Hare, H. S., Hatakeyama, K., Heering, A. H., Hegde, V., Heintz, U., Hinton, N., Hinzmann, A., Hirschauer, J., Hitlin, D., Hos, İ., Hou, B., Hou, X., Howard, A., Howe, C., Hsieh, H., Hsu, T., Hua, H., Hummer, F., Imran, M., Incandela, J., Iren, E., Isildak, B., Jackson, P. S., Jackson, W. J., Jain, S., Jana, P., Jaroslavceva, J., Jena, S., Jige, A., Jordano, P. P., Joshi, U., Kaadze, K., Kafizov, A., Kalipoliti, L., Tharayil, A. Kallil, Kaluzinska, O., Kamble, S., Kaminskiy, A., Kanemura, M., Kanso, H., Kao, Y., Kapic, A., Kapsiak, C., Karjavine, V., Karmakar, S., Karneyeu, A., Kaya, M., Topaksu, A. Kayis, Kaynak, B., Kazhykarim, Y., Khan, F. A., Khudiakov, A., Kieseler, J., Kim, R. S., Klijnsma, T., Kloiber, E. G., Klute, M., Kocak, Z., Kodali, K. R., Koetz, K., Kolberg, T., Kolcu, O. B., Komaragiri, J. R., Komm, M., Kopsalis, I., Krause, H. A., Krawczyk, M. A., Vinayakam, T. R. Krishnaswamy, Kristiansen, K., Kristic, A., Krohn, M., Kronheim, B., Krüger, K., Kudtarkar, C., Kulis, S., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kumar, S., Verma, R. Kumar, Kunori, S., Kunts, A., Kuo, C., Kurenkov, A., Kuryatkov, V., Kyre, S., Ladenson, J., Lamichhane, K., Landsberg, G., Langford, J., Laudrain, A., Laughlin, R., Lawhorn, J., Dortz, O. Le, Lee, S. W., Lektauers, A., Lelas, D., Leon, M., Levchuk, L., Li, A. J., Li, J., Li, Y., Liang, Z., Liao, H., Lin, K., Lin, W., Lin, Z., Lincoln, D., Linssen, L., Litomin, A., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lobanov, A., Lohezic, V., Loiseau, T., Lu, C., Lu, R., Lu, S. Y., Lukens, P., Mackenzie, M., Magnan, A., Magniette, F., Mahjoub, A., Mahon, D., Majumder, G., Makarenko, V., Malakhov, A., Malgeri, L., Mallios, S., Mandloi, C., Mankel, A., Mannelli, M., Mans, J., Mantilla, C., Martinez, G., Massa, C., Masterson, P., Matthewman, M., Matveev, V., Mayekar, S., Mazlov, I., Mehta, A., Mestvirishvili, A., Miao, Y., Milella, G., Mirza, I. R., Mitra, P., Moccia, S., Mohanty, G. B., Monti, F., Moortgat, F., Murthy, S., Music, J., Musienko, Y., Nabili, S., Nayak, S., Nelson, J. W., Nema, A., Neutelings, I., Niedziela, J., Nikitenko, A., Noonan, D., Noy, M., Nurdan, K., Obraztsov, S., Ochando, C., Ogul, H., Olsson, J., Onel, Y., Ozkorucuklu, S., Paganis, E., Palit, P., Pan, R., Pandey, S., Pantaleo, F., Papageorgakis, C., Paramesvaran, S., Paranjpe, M. M., Parolia, S., Parsons, A. G., Parygin, P., Paulini, M., Paus, C., Peñaló, K., Pedro, K., Pekic, V., Peltola, T., Peng, B., Perego, A., Perini, D., Petrilli, A., Pham, H., Pierre-Emile, T., Podem, S. K., Popov, V., Portales, L., Potok, O., Pradeep, P. B., Pramanik, R., Prosper, H., Prvan, M., Qasim, S. R., Qu, H., Quast, T., Trivino, A. Quiroga, Rabour, L., Raicevic, N., Rajpoot, H., Rao, M. A., Rapacz, K., Redjeb, W., Reinecke, M., Revering, M., Roberts, A., Rohlf, J., Rosado, P., Rose, A., Rothman, S., Rout, P. K., Rovere, M., Rumerio, P., Rusack, R., Rygaard, L., Ryjov, V., Sadivnycha, S., Sahin, M. Ö., Sakarya, U., Salerno, R., Saradhy, R., Saraf, M., Sarbandi, K., Sarkisla, M. A., Satyshev, I., Saud, N., Sauvan, J., Schindler, G., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, I., Schmitt, M. H., Sculac, A., Sculac, T., Sedelnikov, A., Seez, C., Sefkow, F., Selivanova, D., Selvaggi, M., Sergeychik, V., Sert, H., Shahid, M., Sharma, P., Sharma, R., Sharma, S., Shelake, M., Shenai, A., Shih, C. W., Shinde, R., Shmygol, D., Shukla, R., Sicking, E., Silva, P., Simsek, C., Simsek, E., Sirasva, B. K., Sirois, Y., Song, S., Song, Y., Soudais, G., Sriram, S., StJacques, R. R., StahlLeiton, A. G., Steen, A., Stein, J., Strait, J., Strobbe, N., Su, X., Sukhov, E., Suleiman, A., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suryadevara, P., Swain, K., Syal, C., Tali, B., Tanay, K., Tang, W., Tanvir, A., Tao, J., Tarabini, A., Tatli, T., Taylor, R., Taysi, Z. C., Teafoe, G., Tee, C. Z., Terrill, W., Thienpont, D., Thomas, R., Titov, M., Todd, C., Todd, E., Toms, M., Tosun, A., Troska, J., Tsai, L., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsionou, D., Tsipolitis, G., Tsirigoti, M., Tu, R., Polat, S. N. Tural, Undleeb, S., Usai, E., Uslan, E., Ustinov, V., Vernazza, E., Viahin, O., Viazlo, O., Vichoudis, P., Vijay, A., Virdee, T., Voirin, E., Vojinovic, M., Voytishin, N., Vámi, T. Á., Wade, A., Walter, D., Wang, C., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, K., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wanlin, E., Wayne, M., Wetzel, J., Whitbeck, A., Wickwire, R., Wilmot, D., Wilson, J., Wu, H., Xiao, M., Yang, J., Yazici, B., Ye, Y., Yetkin, T., Yi, R., Yohay, R., Yu, T., Yuan, C., Yuan, X., Yuksel, O., YushmanoV, I., Yusuff, I., Zabi, A., Zareckis, D., Zarubin, A., Zehetner, P., Zghiche, A., Zhang, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, X., Zhong, J., Zhou, Y., and Zorbilmez, Ç.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: A novel method to reconstruct the energy of hadronic showers in the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is presented. The HGCAL is a sampling calorimeter with very fine transverse and longitudinal granularity. The active media are silicon sensors and scintillator tiles readout by SiPMs and the absorbers are a combination of lead and Cu/CuW in the electromagnetic section, and steel in the hadronic section. The shower reconstruction method is based on graph neural networks and it makes use of a dynamic reduction network architecture. It is shown that the algorithm is able to capture and mitigate the main effects that normally hinder the reconstruction of hadronic showers using classical reconstruction methods, by compensating for fluctuations in the multiplicity, energy, and spatial distributions of the shower's constituents. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using test beam data collected in 2018 prototype of the CMS HGCAL accompanied by a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype. The capability of the method to mitigate the impact of energy leakage from the calorimeter is also demonstrated., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST
Published: 2024

3. Software Compensation for Highly Granular Calorimeters using Machine Learning

Author: Lai, S., Utehs, J., Wilhahn, A., Bach, O., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Hartbrich, O., Heuchel, D., Irles, A., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., De Silva, M., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Buhmann, E., Garutti, E., Huck, S., Kasieczka, G., Martens, S., Rolph, J., Wellhausen, J., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Bilki, B., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Hummer, F., Simon, F., Kawagoe, K., Onoe, T., Suehara, T., Tsumura, S., Yoshioka, T., Fouz, M. C., Emberger, L., Graf, C., Wagner, M., Pöschl, R., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Nanni, J., Videau, H., Liu, L., Masuda, R., Murata, T., Ootani, W., Takatsu, T., Tsuji, N., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Korpachev, S., and Rusinov, V.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A neural network for software compensation was developed for the highly granular CALICE Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter (AHCAL). The neural network uses spatial and temporal event information from the AHCAL and energy information, which is expected to improve sensitivity to shower development and the neutron fraction of the hadron shower. The neural network method produced a depth-dependent energy weighting and a time-dependent threshold for enhancing energy deposits consistent with the timescale of evaporation neutrons. Additionally, it was observed to learn an energy-weighting indicative of longitudinal leakage correction. In addition, the method produced a linear detector response and outperformed a published control method regarding resolution for every particle energy studied.
Published: 2024

4. Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 2. microscopic dynamics

Author: Genestreti, K. J., Farrugia, C., Lu, S., Vines, S. K., Reiff, P. H., Phan, T. -D., Baker, D. N., Leonard, T. W., Burch, J. L., Bingham, S. T., Cohen, I. J., Shuster, J. R., Gershman, D. J., Mouikis, C. G., Rogers, A. T., Torbert, R. B., Trattner, K. J., Webster, J. M., Chen, L. -J., Giles, B. L., Ahmadi, N., Ergun, R. E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., Nakamura, R., and Turner, D. L.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: We analyze the local dynamics of magnetotail reconnection onset using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. In conjunction with MMS, the macroscopic dynamics of this event were captured by a number of other ground and space-based observatories, as is reported in a companion paper. We find that the local dynamics of the onset were characterized by the rapid thinning of the cross-tail current sheet below the ion inertial scale, accompanied by the growth of flapping waves and the subsequent onset of electron tearing. Multiple kinetic-scale magnetic islands were detected coincident with the growth of an initially sub-Alfv\'enic, demagnetized tailward ion exhaust. The onset and rapid enhancement of parallel electron inflow at the exhaust boundary was a remote signature of the intensification of reconnection Earthward of the spacecraft. Two secondary reconnection sites are found embedded within the exhaust from a primary X-line. The primary X-line was designated as such on the basis that (1) while multiple jet reversals were observed in the current sheet, only one reversal of the electron inflow was observed at the high-latitude exhaust boundary, (2) the reconnection electric field was roughly 5 times larger at the primary X-line than the secondary X-lines, and (3) energetic electron fluxes increased and transitioned from anti-field-aligned to isotropic during the primary X-line crossing, indicating a change in magnetic topology. The results are consistent with the idea that a primary X-line mediates the reconnection of lobe magnetic field lines and accelerates electrons more efficiently than its secondary X-line counterparts., Comment: In press, JGR Space Physics, JGRA58162
Published: 2023

5. Multi-scale observation of magnetotail reconnection onset: 1. macroscopic dynamics

Author: Genestreti, K. J., Farrugia, C., Lu, S., Vines, S. K., Reiff, P. H., Phan, T. -D., Baker, D. N., Leonard, T. W., Burch, J. L., Bingham, S. T., Cohen, I. J., Shuster, J. R., Gershman, D. J., Mouikis, C. G., Rogers, A. T., Torbert, R. B., Trattner, K. J., Webster, J. M., Chen, L. -J., Giles, B. L., Ahmadi, N., Ergun, R. E., Russell, C. T., Strangeway, R. J., and Nakamura, R.
Subjects: Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: We analyze a magnetotail reconnection onset event on 3 July 2017 that was observed under otherwise quiescent magnetospheric conditions by a fortuitous conjunction of six space and ground-based observatories. The study investigates the large-scale coupling of the solar wind - magnetosphere system that precipitated the onset of the magnetotail reconnection, focusing on the processes that thinned and stretched the cross-tail current layer in the absence of significant flux loading during a two-hour-long preconditioning phase. It is demonstrated with data in the (1) upstream solar wind, (2) at the low-latitude magnetopause, (3) in the high-latitude polar cap, and (4) in the magnetotail that the typical picture of solar wind-driven current sheet thinning via flux loading does not appear relevant for this particular event. We find that the current sheet thinning was, instead, initiated by a transient solar wind pressure pulse and that the current sheet thinning continued even as the magnetotail and solar wind pressures decreased. We suggest that field line curvature induced scattering (observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS)) and precipitation (observed by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)) of high-energy thermal protons may have evacuated plasma sheet thermal energy, which may require a thinning of the plasma sheet to preserve pressure equilibrium with the solar wind., Comment: In press, JGR space physics, JGRA58161
Published: 2023

6. A Race Track Trapped-Ion Quantum Processor

Author: Moses, S. A., Baldwin, C. H., Allman, M. S., Ancona, R., Ascarrunz, L., Barnes, C., Bartolotta, J., Bjork, B., Blanchard, P., Bohn, M., Bohnet, J. G., Brown, N. C., Burdick, N. Q., Burton, W. C., Campbell, S. L., Campora III, J. P., Carron, C., Chambers, J., Chan, J. W., Chen, Y. H., Chernoguzov, A., Chertkov, E., Colina, J., Curtis, J. P., Daniel, R., DeCross, M., Deen, D., Delaney, C., Dreiling, J. M., Ertsgaard, C. T., Esposito, J., Estey, B., Fabrikant, M., Figgatt, C., Foltz, C., Foss-Feig, M., Francois, D., Gaebler, J. P., Gatterman, T. M., Gilbreth, C. N., Giles, J., Glynn, E., Hall, A., Hankin, A. M., Hansen, A., Hayes, D., Higashi, B., Hoffman, I. M., Horning, B., Hout, J. J., Jacobs, R., Johansen, J., Jones, L., Karcz, J., Klein, T., Lauria, P., Lee, P., Liefer, D., Lytle, C., Lu, S. T., Lucchetti, D., Malm, A., Matheny, M., Mathewson, B., Mayer, K., Miller, D. B., Mills, M., Neyenhuis, B., Nugent, L., Olson, S., Parks, J., Price, G. N., Price, Z., Pugh, M., Ransford, A., Reed, A. P., Roman, C., Rowe, M., Ryan-Anderson, C., Sanders, S., Sedlacek, J., Shevchuk, P., Siegfried, P., Skripka, T., Spaun, B., Sprenkle, R. T., Stutz, R. P., Swallows, M., Tobey, R. I., Tran, A., Tran, T., Vogt, E., Volin, C., Walker, J., Zolot, A. M., and Pino, J. M.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: We describe and benchmark a new quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) trapped-ion quantum computer based on a linear trap with periodic boundary conditions, which resembles a race track. The new system successfully incorporates several technologies crucial to future scalability, including electrode broadcasting, multi-layer RF routing, and magneto-optical trap (MOT) loading, while maintaining, and in some cases exceeding, the gate fidelities of previous QCCD systems. The system is initially operated with 32 qubits, but future upgrades will allow for more. We benchmark the performance of primitive operations, including an average state preparation and measurement error of 1.6(1)$\times 10^{-3}$, an average single-qubit gate infidelity of $2.5(3)\times 10^{-5}$, and an average two-qubit gate infidelity of $1.84(5)\times 10^{-3}$. The system-level performance of the quantum processor is assessed with mirror benchmarking, linear cross-entropy benchmarking, a quantum volume measurement of $\mathrm{QV}=2^{16}$, and the creation of 32-qubit entanglement in a GHZ state. We also tested application benchmarks including Hamiltonian simulation, QAOA, error correction on a repetition code, and dynamics simulations using qubit reuse. We also discuss future upgrades to the new system aimed at adding more qubits and capabilities., Comment: 24 pages, 24 figures. Made some minor edits and added several more authors
Published: 2023
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7. Performance of the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter prototype to charged pion beams of 20$-$300 GeV/c

Author: Acar, B., Adamov, G., Adloff, C., Afanasiev, S., Akchurin, N., Akgün, B., Alhusseini, M., Alison, J., de Almeida, J. P. Figueiredo de sa Sousa, de Almeida, P. G. Dias, Alpana, A., Alyari, M., Andreev, I., Aras, U., Aspell, P., Atakisi, I. O., Bach, O., Baden, A., Bakas, G., Bakshi, A., Banerjee, S., DeBarbaro, P., Bargassa, P., Barney, D., Beaudette, F., Beaujean, F., Becheva, E., Becker, A., Behera, P., Belloni, A., Bergauer, T., Berni, M. El, Besancon, M., Bhattacharya, S., Bhowmik, D., Bilki, B., Bilokin, S., Blazey, G. C., Blekman, F., Bloch, P., Bodek, A., Bonanomi, M., Bonis, J., Bonnemaison, A., Bonomally, S., Borg, J., Bouyjou, F., Bower, N., Braga, D., Brennan, L., Brianne, E., Brondolin, E., Bryant, P., Buhmann, E., Buhmann, P., Butler-Nalin, A., Bychkova, O., Callier, S., Calvet, D., Canderan, K., Cankocak, K., Cao, X., Cappati, A., Caraway, B., Caregari, S., Carty, C., Cauchois, A., Ceard, L., Cerci, D. S., Cerci, S., Cerminara, G., Chadeeva, M., Charitonidis, N., Chatterjee, R., Chen, J. A., Chen, Y. M., Cheng, H. J., Cheng, K. Y., Cheung, H., Chokheli, D., Cipriani, M., Čoko, D., Couderc, F., Cuba, E., Danilov, M., Dannheim, D., Daoud, W., Das, I., Dauncey, P., Davies, G., Davignon, O., Day, E., Debbins, P., Defranchis, M. M., Delagnes, E., Demiragli, Z., Demirbas, U., Derylo, G., Diaz, D., Diehl, L., Dinaucourt, P., Dincer, G. G., Dittmann, J., Dragicevic, M., Dugad, S., Dulucq, F., Dumanoglu, I., Dünser, M., Dutta, S., Dutta, V., Edberg, T. K., Elias, F., Emberger, L., Eno, S. C., Ershov, Yu., Extier, S., Fahim, F., Fallon, C., Fard, K. Sarbandi, Fedi, G., Ferragina, L., Forthomme, L., Frahm, E., Franzoni, G., Freeman, J., French, T., Gadow, K., Gandhi, P., Ganjour, S., Gao, X., Garcia, M. T. Ramos, Garcia-Bellido, A., Garutti, E., Gastaldi, F., Gastler, D., Gecse, Z., Germer, A., Gerwig, H., Gevin, O., Ghosh, S., Gilbert, A., Gilbert, W., Gill, K., Gingu, C., Gninenko, S., Golunov, A., Golutvin, I., Gonultas, B., Gorbounov, N., Göttlicher, P., Gouskos, L., Graf, C., Gray, A. B., Grieco, C., Gr\"önroos, S., Gu, Y., Guilloux, F., Guler, E. Gurpinar, Guler, Y., Gülmez, E., Guo, J., Gutti, H., Hakimi, A., Hammer, M., Hartbrich, O., Hassanshahi, H. M., Hatakeyama, K., Hazen, E., Heering, A., Hegde, V., Heintz, U., Heuchel, D., Hinton, N., Hirschauer, J., Hoff, J., Hou, W. S., Hou, X., Hua, H., Huck, S., Hussain, A., Incandela, J., Irles, A., Irshad, A., Isik, C., Jain, S., Jaroslavceva, J., Jheng, H. R., Joshi, U., Kaadze, K., Kachanov, V., Kalipoliti, L., Kaminskiy, A., Kanuganti, A. R., Kao, Y. W., Kapoor, A., Kara, O., Karneyeu, A., Kałuzińska, O., Kaya, M., Kaya, O., Kazhykharim, Y., Khan, F. A., Khukhunaishvili, A., Kieseler, J., Kilpatrick, M., Kim, S., Koetz, K., Kolberg, T., Komm, M., Köseyan, O. K., Kraus, V., Krawczyk, M., Kristiansen, K., Kristić, A., Krohn, M., Kronheim, B., Krüger, K., Kulis, S., Kumar, M., Kunori, S., Kuo, C. M., Kuryatkov, V., Kvasnicka, J., Kyre, S., Lai, Y., Lamichhane, K., Landsberg, G., Lange, C., Langford, J., Laurien, S., Lee, M. Y., Lee, S. W., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Levin, A., Li, A., Li, J. H., Li, Y. Y., Liang, Z., Liao, H., Lin, Z., Lincoln, D., Linssen, L., Lipton, R., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lobanov, A., Lohezic, V., Lomidze, D., Lu, R. S., Lu, S., Lupi, M., Lysova, I., Magnan, A. -M., Magniette, F., Mahjoub, A., Martens, S., Matysek, M., Meier, B., Malakhov, A., Mallios, S., Mandjavize, I., Mannelli, M., Mans, J., Marchioro, A., Martelli, A., Martinez, G., Masterson, P., Matthewman, M., Mayekar, S. N., David, A., Coco, S., Meng, B., Menkel, A ., Mestvirishvili, A., Milella, G., Mirza, I., Moccia, S., Mohanty, G. B., Monti, F., Moortgat, F. W., Morrissey, I., Motta, J., Murthy, S., Musić, J., Musienko, Y., Nabili, S., Nguyen, M., Nikitenko, A., Noonan, D., Noy, M., Nurdan, K., Nursanto, M. Wulansatiti, Ochando, C., Odell, N., Okawa, H., Onel, Y., Ortez, W., Ozegović, J., Ozkorucuklu, S., Paganis, E., Palmer, C. A., Pandey, S., Pantaleo, F., Papageorgakis, C., Papakrivopoulos, I., Paranjpe, M., Parshook, J., Pastika, N., Paulini, M., Peitzmann, T., Peltola, T., Peng, N., Perraguin, A. Buchot, Petiot, P., Pierre-Emile, T., Pinto, M. Vicente Barreto, Popova, E., Pöschl, R., Prosper, H., Prvan, M., Puljak, I., Qasim, S. R., Qu, H., Quast, T., Quinn, R., Quinnan, M., Rane, A., Rao, K. K., Rapacz, K., Raux, L., Redjeb, W., Reinecke, M., Revering, M., Richard, F., Roberts, A., Sanchez, A. M., Rohlf, J., Rolph, J., Romanteau, T., Rosado, M., Rose, A., Rovere, M., Roy, A., Rubinov, P., Rusack, R., Rusinov, V., Ryjov, V., Sahin, O. M., Salerno, R., Saradhy, R., Sarkar, T., Sarkisla, M. A., Sauvan, J. B., Schmidt, I., Schmitt, M., Schuwalow, S., Scott, E., Seez, C., Sefkow, F., Selivanova, D., Sharma, S., Shelake, M., Shenai, A., Shukla, R., Sicking, E., De, M., Silva, P., Simkina, P., Simon, F., Simsek, A. E., Sirois, Y., Smirnov, V., Sobering, T. J., Spencer, E., Srimanobhas, N., Steen, A., Strait, J., Strobbe, N., Su, X. F., Sudo, Y., Suarez, C. Mantilla, Sukhov, E., Sulak, L., Sun, L., Suryadevara, P., Syal, C., de La Taille, C., Tali, B., Tan, C. L., Tao, J., Tarabini, A., Tatli, T., Thaus, R., Taylor, R. D., Tekten, S., Thiebault, A., Thienpont, D., Tiley, C., Tiras, E., Titov, M., Tlisov, D., Tok, U. G., Kayis, A., Troska, J., Tsai, L. S., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsipolitis, G., Tsirou, A., Undleeb, S., Urbanski, D., Uslan, E., Ustinov, V., Uzunian, A., Varela, J., Velasco, M., Vernazza, E., Viazlo, O., Vichoudis, P., Virdee, T., Voirin, E., Vojinovi\c, M., Vojinovic, M., Wade, A., Wang, C., Wang, C. C., Wang, D., Wang, F., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Wayne, M., Webb, S. N., Whitbeck, A., Wickwire, R., Wilson, J. S., Wu, H. Y., Wu, L., Xiao, M., Yang, J., Yeh, C. H, Yohay, R., Yu, D., Yu, S. S., Yuan, C., Miao, Y., Yumiceva, F., Yusuff, I., Zabi, A., Zacharopoulou, A., Zamiatin, N., Zarubin, A., Zehetner, P., Zerwas, D., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., and Zhao, X.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The upgrade of the CMS experiment for the high luminosity operation of the LHC comprises the replacement of the current endcap calorimeter by a high granularity sampling calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section of the HGCAL is based on silicon sensors interspersed between lead and copper (or copper tungsten) absorbers. The hadronic section uses layers of stainless steel as an absorbing medium and silicon sensors as an active medium in the regions of high radiation exposure, and scintillator tiles directly readout by silicon photomultipliers in the remaining regions. As part of the development of the detector and its readout electronic components, a section of a silicon-based HGCAL prototype detector along with a section of the CALICE AHCAL prototype was exposed to muons, electrons and charged pions in beam test experiments at the H2 beamline at the CERN SPS in October 2018. The AHCAL uses the same technology as foreseen for the HGCAL but with much finer longitudinal segmentation. The performance of the calorimeters in terms of energy response and resolution, longitudinal and transverse shower profiles is studied using negatively charged pions, and is compared to GEANT4 predictions. This is the first report summarizing results of hadronic showers measured by the HGCAL prototype using beam test data., Comment: Accepted for publication by JINST
Published: 2022

8. Neutron State Entanglement with Overlapping Paths

Author: Kuhn, S. J., McKay, S., Shen, J., Geerits, N., Dalgliesh, R. M., Dees, E., Irfan, A. A. M., Li, F., Lu, S., Vangelista, V., Baxter, D. V., Ortiz, G., Parnell, S. R., Snow, W. M., and Pynn, R.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The development of direct probes of entanglement is integral to the rapidly expanding field of complex quantum materials. Here we test the robustness of entangled neutrons as a quantum probe by measuring the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt contextuality witness while varying the beam properties. Specifically, we prove that the entanglement of the spin and path subsystems of individual neutrons prepared in two different experiments using two different apparatuses persists even after varying the entanglement length, coherence length, and neutron energy difference of the paths. The two independent apparatuses acting as entangler-disentangler pairs are static-field magnetic Wollaston prisms and resonance-field radio frequency flippers. Our results show that the spatial and energy properties of the neutron beam may be significantly altered without reducing the contextuality witness value below the Tsirelson bound, meaning that maximum entanglement is preserved. We also show that two paths may be considered distinguishable even when separated by less than the neutron coherence length. This work is the key step in the realization of the new modular, robust technique of entangled neutron scattering.
Published: 2020
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9. Optimization of the JUNO liquid scintillator composition using a Daya Bay antineutrino detector

Author: Bay, Daya, collaborations, JUNO, Abusleme, A., Adam, T., Ahmad, S., Aiello, S., Akram, M., Ali, N., An, F. P., An, G. P., An, Q., Andronico, G., Anfimov, N., Antonelli, V., Antoshkina, T., Asavapibhop, B., de André, J. P. A. M., Babic, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baldini, W., Baldoncini, M., Band, H. R., Barresi, A., Baussan, E., Bellato, M., Bernieri, E., Biare, D., Birkenfeld, T., Bishai, M., Blin, S., Blum, D., Blyth, S., Bordereau, C., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Budano, A., Burgbacher, P., Buscemi, M., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Butorov, I., Cabrera, A., Cai, H., Cai, X., Cai, Y. K., Cai, Z. Y., Cammi, A., Campeny, A., Cao, C. Y., Cao, G. F., Cao, J., Caruso, R., Cerna, C., Chakaberia, I., Chang, J. F., Chang, Y., Chen, H. S., Chen, P. A., Chen, P. P., Chen, S. M., Chen, S. J., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. W., Chen, Y. X., Chen, Y., Chen, Z., Cheng, J., Cheng, Y. P., Cheng, Z. K., Chepurnov, A., Cherwinka, J. J., Chiarello, F., Chiesa, D., Chimenti, P., Chu, M. C., Chukanov, A., Chuvashova, A., Clementi, ., Clerbaux, B., Di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Corti, D., Costa, S., Corso, F. D., Cummings, J. P., Dalager, O., De La Taille, C., Deng, F. S., Deng, J. W., Deng, Z., Deng, Z. Y., Depnering, W., Diaz, M., Ding, X. F., Ding, Y. Y., Dirgantara, B., Dmitrievsky, S., Diwan, M. V., Dohnal, T., Donchenko, G., Dong, J. M., Dornic, D., Doroshkevich, E., Dove, J., Dracos, M., Druillole, F., Du, S. X., Dusini, S., Dvorak, M., Dwyer, D. A., Enqvist, T., Enzmann, H., Fabbri, A., Fajt, L., Fan, D. H., Fan, L., Fang, C., Fang, J., Fatkina, A., Fedoseev, D., Fekete, V., Feng, L. C., Feng, Q. C., Fiorentini, G., Ford, R., Formozov, A., Fournier, A., Franke, S., Gallo, J. P., Gan, H. N., Gao, F., Garfagnini, A., Göttel, A., Genster, C., Giammarchi, M., Giaz, A., Giudice, N., Giuliani, F., Gonchar, M., Gong, G. H., Gong, H., Gorchakov, O., Gornushkin, Y., Grassi, M., Grewing, C., Gromov, M., Gromov, V., Gu, M. H., Gu, W. Q., Gu, X. F., Gu, Y., Guan, M. Y., Guardone, N., Gul, M., Guo, C., Guo, J. Y., Guo, L., Guo, W. L., Guo, X. H., Guo, Y. H., Guo, Z., Haacke, M., Hackenburg, R. W., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., Han, R., Han, Y., Hans, S., He, M., He, W., Heeger, K. M., Heinz, T., Heng, Y. K., Herrera, R., Higuera, A., Hong, D. J., Hor, Y. K., Hou, S. J., Hsiung, Y. B., Hu, B. Z., Hu, H., Hu, J. R., Hu, J., Hu, S. Y., Hu, T., Hu, Z. J., Huang, C. H., Huang, G. H., Huang, H. X., Huang, Q. H., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Y. B., Huber, P., Hui, J. Q., Huo, L., Huo, W. J., Huss, C., Hussain, S., Insolia, A., Ioannisian, A., Ioannisyan, D., Isocrate, R., Jaffe, D. E., Jen, K. L., Ji, X. L., Ji, X. P., Ji, X. Z., Jia, H. H., Jia, J. J., Jian, S. Y., Jiang, D., Jiang, X. S., Jin, R. Y., Jing, X. P., Johnson, R. A., Jollet, C., Jones, D., Joutsenvaara, J., Jungthawan, S., Kalousis, L., Kampmann, P., Kang, L., Karagounis, M., Kazarian, N., Kettell, S. H., Khan, A., Khan, W., Khosonthongkee, K., Kinz, P., Kohn, S., Korablev, D., Kouzakov, K., Kramer, M., Krasnoperov, A., Krokhaleva, S., Krumshteyn, Z., Kruth, A., Kutovskiy, N., Kuusiniemi, P., Lachacinski, B., Lachenmaier, T., Langford, T. J., Lee, J., Lee, J. H. C., Lefevre, F., Lei, L., Lei, R., Leitner, R., Leung, J., Li, C., Li, D. M., Li, F., Li, H. T., Li, H. L., Li, J., Li, J. J., Li, J. Q., Li, K. J., Li, M. Z., Li, N., Li, Q. J., Li, R. H., Li, S. C., Li, S. F., Li, S. J., Li, T., Li, W. D., Li, W. G., Li, X. M., Li, X. N., Li, X. L., Li, X. Q., Li, Y., Li, Y. F., Li, Z. B., Li, Z. Y., Liang, H., Liang, J. J., Liebau, D., Limphirat, A., Limpijumnong, S., Lin, C. J., Lin, G. L., Lin, S. X., Lin, T., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J. J., Link, J. M., Lippi, I., Littenberg, L., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H. B., Liu, H. D., Liu, H. J., Liu, H. T., Liu, J. C., Liu, J. L., Liu, M., Liu, Q., Liu, R. X., Liu, S. Y., Liu, S. B., Liu, S. L., Liu, X. W., Liu, Y., Lokhov, A., Lombardi, P., Loo, K., Lorenz, S., Lu, C., Lu, H. Q., Lu, J. B., Lu, J. G., Lu, S. X., Lu, X. X., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lubsandorzhiev, S., Ludhova, L., Luk, K. B., Luo, F. J., Luo, G., Luo, P. W., Luo, S., Luo, W. M., Lyashuk, V., Ma, Q. M., Ma, S., Ma, X. B., Ma, X. Y., Ma, Y. Q., Malyshkin, Y., Mantovani, F., Mao, Y. J., Mari, S. M., Marini, F., Marium, S., Marshall, C., Martellini, C., Martin-Chassard, G., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, Martini, A., Martino, J., Mayilyan, D., McDonald, K. T., McKeown, R. D., Müller, A., Meng, G., Meng, Y., Meregaglia, A., Meroni, E., Meyhöfer, D., Mezzetto, M., Miller, J., Miramonti, L., Monforte, S., Montini, P., Montuschi, M., Morozov, N., Muralidharan, P., Napolitano, J., Nastasi, M., Naumov, D. V., Naumova, E., Nemchenok, I., Nikolaev, A., Ning, F. P., Ning, Z., Nunokawa, H., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Olshevskiy, A., Ortica, F., Pan, H. R., Paoloni, A., Park, J., Parkalian, N., Parmeggiano, S., Patton, S., Payupol, T., Pec, V., Pedretti, D., Pei, Y. T., Pelliccia, N., Peng, A. G., Peng, H. P., Peng, J. C., Perrot, F., Petitjean, P. A., Rico, L. F. Pineres, Popov, A., Poussot, P., Pratumwan, W., Previtali, E., Pun, C. S. J., Qi, F. Z., Qi, M., Qian, S., Qian, X., Qian, X. H., Qiao, H., Qin, Z. H., Qiu, S. K., Rajput, M., Ranucci, G., Raper, N., Re, A., Rebber, H., Rebii, A., Ren, B., Ren, J., Reveco, C. M., Rezinko, T., Ricci, B., Robens, M., Roche, M., Rodphai, N., Rohwer, L., Romani, A., Rosero, R., Roskovec, B., Roth, C., Ruan, X. C., Ruan, X. D., Rujirawat, S., Rybnikov, A., Sadovsky, A., Saggese, P., Salamanna, G., Sangka, A., Sanguansak, N., Sawangwit, U., Sawatzki, J., Sawy, F., Schever, M., Schuler, J., Schwab, C., Schweizer, K., Selivanov, D., Selyunin, A., Serafini, A., Settanta, G., Settimo, M., Shahzad, M., Shi, G., Shi, J. Y., Shi, Y. J., Shutov, V., Sidorenkov, A., Simkovic, F., Sirignano, C., Siripak, J., Sisti, M., Slupecki, M., Smirnov, M., Smirnov, O., Sogo-Bezerra, T., Songwadhana, J., Soonthornthum, B., Sotnikov, A., Sramek, O., Sreethawong, W., Stahl, A., Stanco, L., Stankevich, K., Stefanik, D., Steiger, H., Steiner, H., Steinmann, J., Stender, M., Strati, V., Studenikin, A., Sun, G. X., Sun, L. T., Sun, J. L., Sun, S. F., Sun, X. L., Sun, Y. J., Sun, Y. Z., Suwonjandee, N., Szelezniak, M., Tang, J., Tang, Q., Tang, X., Tietzsch, A., Tkachev, I., Tmej, T., Treskov, K., Troni, G., Trzaska, W., Tse, W. -H., Tull, C. E., Tuve, C., van Waasen, S., Boom, J. Vanden, Vassilopoulos, N., Vedin, V., Verde, G., Vialkov, M., Viaud, B., Viren, B., Volpe, C., Vorobel, V., Votano, L., Walker, P., Wang, C., Wang, C. H., Wang, E., Wang, G. L., Wang, J., Wang, K. Y., Wang, L., Wang, M. F., Wang, M., Wang, N. Y., Wang, R. G., Wang, S. G., Wang, W., Wang, W. S., Wang, X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. G., Wang, Y. M., Wang, Y. Q., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. M., Wang, Z. Y., Watcharangkool, A., Wei, H. Y., Wei, L. H., Wei, W., Wei, Y. D., Wen, L. J., Whisnant, K., White, C. G., Wiebusch, C., Wong, S. C. F., Wong, H. L. H., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wu, C. H., Wu, D. R., Wu, F. L., Wu, Q., Wu, W. J., Wu, Z., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Wysotzki, C., Xi, Y. F., Xia, D. M., Xie, Y. G., Xie, Z. Q., Xing, Z. Z., Xu, D. L., Xu, F. R., Xu, H. K., Xu, J. L., Xu, J., Xu, M. H., Xu, T., Xu, Y., Xue, T., Yan, B. J., Yan, X. B., Yan, Y. P., Yang, A. B., Yang, C. G., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X. Y., Yang, Y. F., Yang, Y. Z., Yao, H. F., Yasin, Z., Ye, J. X., Ye, M., Yegin, U., Yeh, M., Yermia, F., Yi, P. H., You, Z. Y., Young, B. L., Yu, B. X., Yu, C. X., Yu, C. Y., Yu, H. Z., Yu, M., Yu, X. H., Yu, Z. Y., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yuan, Z. X., Yuan, Z. Y., Yue, B. B., Zafar, N., Zambanini, A., Zeng, P., Zeng, S., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, Y. D., Zhan, L., Zhang, C., Zhang, F. Y., Zhang, G. Q., Zhang, H. H., Zhang, H. Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. B., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, P., Zhang, Q. M., Zhang, T., Zhang, X. M., Zhang, X. T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. M., Zhang, Y. P., Zhang, Y. X., Zhang, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, Z. P., Zhang, Z. Y., Zhao, F. Y., Zhao, J., Zhao, R., Zhao, S. J., Zhao, T. C., Zheng, D. Q., Zheng, H., Zheng, M. S., Zheng, Y. H., Zhong, W. R., Zhou, J., Zhou, L., Zhou, N., Zhou, S., Zhou, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, K. J., Zhuang, H. L., Zong, L., and Zou, J. H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: To maximize the light yield of the liquid scintillator (LS) for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 t LS sample was produced in a pilot plant at Daya Bay. The optical properties of the new LS in various compositions were studied by replacing the gadolinium-loaded LS in one antineutrino detector. The concentrations of the fluor, PPO, and the wavelength shifter, bis-MSB, were increased in 12 steps from 0.5 g/L and <0.01 mg/L to 4 g/L and 13 mg/L, respectively. The numbers of total detected photoelectrons suggest that, with the optically purified solvent, the bis-MSB concentration does not need to be more than 4 mg/L. To bridge the one order of magnitude in the detector size difference between Daya Bay and JUNO, the Daya Bay data were used to tune the parameters of a newly developed optical model. Then, the model and tuned parameters were used in the JUNO simulation. This enabled to determine the optimal composition for the JUNO LS: purified solvent LAB with 2.5 g/L PPO, and 1 to 4 mg/L bis-MSB., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020

10. Unveiling contextual realities by microscopically entangling a neutron

Author: Shen, J., Kuhn, S. J., Dalgliesh, R. M., de Haan, V. O., Geerits, N., Irfan, A. A. M., Li, F., Lu, S., Parnell, S. R., Plomp, J., van Well, A. A., Washington, A., Baxter, D. V., Ortiz, G., Snow, W. M., and Pynn, R.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: The development of qualitatively new measurement capabilities is often a prerequisite for critical scientific and technological advances. The dramatic progress made by modern probe techniques to uncover the microscopic structure of matter is fundamentally rooted in our control of two defining traits of quantum mechanics: discreteness of physical properties and interference phenomena. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, for instance, exploits the fact that protons have spin and can absorb photons at frequencies that depend on the medium to image the anatomy and physiology of living systems. Scattering techniques, in which photons, electrons, protons or neutrons are used as probes, make use of quantum interference to directly image the spatial position of individual atoms, their magnetic structure, or even unveil their concomitant dynamical correlations. None of these probes have so far exploited a unique characteristic of the quantum world: entanglement. Here we introduce a fundamentally new quantum probe, an entangled neutron beam, where individual neutrons can be entangled in spin, trajectory and energy. Its tunable entanglement length from nanometers to microns and energy differences from peV to neV will enable new investigations of microscopic magnetic correlations in systems with strongly entangled phases, such as those believed to emerge in unconventional superconductors. We develop an interferometer to prove entanglement of these distinguishable properties of the neutron beam by observing clear violations of both Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt and Mermin contextuality inequalities in the same experimental setup. Our work opens a pathway to a future era of entangled neutron scattering in matter., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2019
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11. Characterisation of different stages of hadronic showers using the CALICE Si-W ECAL physics prototype

Author: CALICE Collaboration, Eigen, G., Price, T., Watson, N. K., Winter, A., Do, Y., Khan, A., Kim, D., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Kawagoe, K., Miura, Y., Mori, R., Sekiya, I., Suehara, T., Yoshioka, T., Apostolakis, J., Giraud, J., Grondin, D., Hostachy, J. -Y., Bach, O., Bocharnikov, V., Brianne, E., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Hartbrich, O., Heuchel, D., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Pinto, O., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Buhmann, P., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Lomidze, D., Matysek, M., Wilson, G. W., Belver, D., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. C., Cabrerai, H. García, Maríni, J., Navarrete, J., Pelayo, J. Puerta, Verdugo, A., Masetti, L., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Gabriel, M., Emberger, L., Graf, C., Israeli, Y., Simon, F., Szalay, M., Windel, H., Amjad, M. S., Bilokin, S., Bonis, J., Breton, D., Cornebise, P., Doublet, P., Gallas, A., Jeglot, J., Irles, A., Li, H., Maalmi, J., Pöschl, R., Thiebault, A., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Becheva, E., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Edy, E., Fayolle, G., Gastaldi, F., Videau, H., Callier, S., Dulucq, F., de la Taille, Ch., Martin-Chassard, G., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Cvach, J., Janata, M., Kovalcuk, M., Polak, I., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Zuklin, J., Jeans, D., van der Kolk, N., and Peitzmann, T.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A detailed investigation of hadronic interactions is performed using $\pi^-$-mesons with energies in the range 2--10 GeV incident on a high granularity silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter. The data were recorded at FNAL in 2008. The region in which the $\pi^-$-mesons interact with the detector material and the produced secondary particles are characterised using a novel track-finding algorithm that reconstructs tracks within hadronic showers in a calorimeter in the absence of a magnetic field. The principle of carrying out detector monitoring and calibration using secondary tracks is also demonstrated., Comment: 21 pages, 21 figures
Published: 2019
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12. Analysis of Testbeam Data of the Highly Granular RPC-Steel CALICE Digital Hadron Calorimeter and Validation of Geant4 Monte Carlo Models

Author: CALICE Collaboration, Chefdeville, M., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Smith, J. R., Trojand, D., Xia, L., Zhang, Q., Apostolakis, J., Grefe, C., Ivantchenko, V., Folger, G., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Bach, O., Bocharnikov, V., Brianne, E., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Hartbrich, O., Heuchel, D., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Neubüser, C., Pinto, O., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Buhmann, P., Garutti, E., Lomidze, D., Martens, S., Matysek, M., Bilki, B., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., van Doren, B., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Miura, Y., Mori, R., Sekiya, I., Suehara, T., Yoshioka, T., Belver, D., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. C., Cabrera, H. García, Marín, J., Navarrete, J., Pelayo, J. Puerta, Verdugo, A., Corriveau, F., Freund, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Gabriel, M., Emberger, L., Graf, C., Israeli, Y., Simon, F., Szalay, M., Windel, H., Bilokin, S., Bonis, J., Irles, A., Pöschl, R., Thiebault, A., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Cvach, J., Janata, M., Kovalcuk, M., Polak, I., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Zuklin, J., Takeshita, T., Elkhalii, A., Götze, M., Zeitnitz, C., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., and Oh, Y. D.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a study of the response of the highly granular Digital Hadronic Calorimeter with steel absorbers, the Fe-DHCAL, to positrons, muons, and pions with momenta ranging from 2 to 60 GeV/c. Developed in the context of the CALICE collaboration, this hadron calorimeter utilises Resistive Plate Chambers as active media, interspersed with steel absorber plates. With a transverse granularity of $1\,\times\,1\,$cm$^{2}$ and a longitudinal segmentation of 38 layers, the calorimeter counted 350,208 readout channels, each read out with single-bit resolution (digital readout). The data were recorded in the Fermilab test beam in 2010-11. The analysis includes measurements of the calorimeter response and the energy resolution to positrons and muons, as well as detailed studies of various shower shape quantities. The results are compared to simulations based on Geant4, which utilise different electromagnetic and hadronic physics lists.
Published: 2019
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13. Hadronic Energy Resolution of a Combined High Granularity Scintillator Calorimeter System

Author: CALICE Collaboration, Repond, J., Xia, L., Apostolakis, J., Folger, G., Ivantchenko, V., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Boumediene, D., Francais, V., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Bach, O., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Gttlicher, P., Krivan, O. Hartbrich F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Buhmann, P., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Lomidze, D., Matysek, M., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Wilson, G. W., Jeans, D., Kawagoe, K., Sekiya, I., Suehara, T., Yamashiro, H., Yoshioka, T., Wing, M., Kotera, K., Nishiyama, M., Sakuma, T., Takeshita, T., Tozuka, S., Tubokawa, T., Uozumi, S., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. C., Marin, J., Navarrete, J., Pelayo, J. Puerta, Verdugo, A., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Drutskoy, A., Popova, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Emberger, L., Gabriel, M., Graf, C., Israeli, Y., van der Kolk, N., Simon, F., Szalay, M., Windel, H., Bonis, S. Bilokin J., Pöschl, R., Irles, A., Thiebault, A., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Becheva, E., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Edy, E., Gastaldi, M. Frotin F., Li, B., Magniette, F., Nanni, J., Rubio-Roy, M., Shpak, K., Tran, T. H., Videau, H., Cvach, J., Janata, M., Kovalcuk, M., Polak, I., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Zuklin, J., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Elkhalii, A., Götze, M., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper presents results obtained with the combined CALICE Scintillator Electromagnetic Calorimeter, Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter and Tail Catcher & Muon Tracker, three high granularity scintillator-SiPM calorimeter prototypes. The response of the system to pions with momenta between 4 GeV/c and 32 GeV/c is analysed, including the energy response, resolution, and longitudinal shower profiles. The results of a software compensation technique based on weighting according to hit energy are compared to those of a standard linear energy reconstruction. The results are compared to predictions of the GEANT4 physics lists QGSP_BERT_HP and FTFP_BERT_HP., Comment: 31 pages, 41 figures
Published: 2018

14. Construction and Response of a Highly Granular Scintillator-based Electromagnetic Calorimeter

Author: CALICE collaboration, Repond, J., Xia, L., Eigen, G., Price, T., Watson, N. K., Winter, A., Thomson, M. A., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Hartbrich, O., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Sudo, Y., Tran, H. L., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Bilki, B., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Sekiya, I., Suehara, T., Yamashiro, H., Yoshioka, T., Gabriel, M., Goecke, P., Graf, C., Israeli, Y., van der Kolk, N., Simon, F., Szalay, M., Winde, H., Bilokin, l S., Bonis, J., Pöschl, R., Thiebault, A., Richard, F., Zerwas, D., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Cvach, J., Janata, M., Kovalcuk, M., Kvasnicka, J., Polak, I., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Zuklin, J., Choi, W., Kotera, K., Nishiyama, M., Sakuma, T., Takeshita, T., Tozuka, S., Tsubokawa, T., Uozumi, S., Jeans, D., Ootani, W., Liu, L., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Ikuno, T., Takahashi, Y., and Götze, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A highly granular electromagnetic calorimeter with scintillator strip readout is being developed for future lepton collider experiments. A prototype of 21.5 $X_0$ depth and $180 \times 180 $mm$^2$ transverse dimensions was constructed, consisting of 2160 individually read out $10 \times 45 \times 3$ mm$^3$ scintillator strips. This prototype was tested using electrons of 2--32 GeV at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility in 2009. Deviations from linear energy response were less than 1.1\%, and the intrinsic energy resolution was determined to be $(12.5 \pm 0.1 (\mathrm{stat.}) \pm0.4 (\mathrm{syst.}))\%/\sqrt{E[\mathrm{GeV}]}\oplus (1.2 \pm 0.1(\mathrm{stat.})^{+0.6}_{-0.7}(\mathrm{syst.}))\%$, where the uncertainties correspond to statistical and systematic sources, respectively., Comment: This article is published in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A 887 (2018) 150-168
Published: 2017

15. Further results on the Hamilton-Waterloo problem

Author: Wang, L., Lu, S., and Cao, H.
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract: In this paper, we almost completely solve the existence of an almost resolvable cycle system with odd cycle length. We also use almost resolvable cycle systems as well as other combinatorial structures to give some new solutions to the Hamilton-Waterloo problem.
Published: 2016
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16. Resistive Plate Chamber Digitization in a Hadronic Shower Environment

Author: Deng, Z., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Yue, Q., Yang, Z., Apostolakis, J., Folger, G., Grefe, C., Ivantchenko, V., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Boumediene, D., Carloganu, C., Français, V., Cho, G., Kim, D-W., Lee, S. C., Park, W., Vallecorsa, S., Cauwenbergh, S., Tytgat, M., Pingault, A., Zaganidis, N., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Irles, A., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morgunov, V., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., Tran, H. L., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Schroeder, S., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Kawagoe, K., Hirai, H., Sudo, Y., Suehara, T., Sumida, H., Yoshioka, T., Gil, E. Cortina, Mannai, S., Buridon, V., Combaret, C., Caponetto, L., Eté, R., Garillot, G., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J. C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Petrukhin, A., Steen, A., Antequera, J. Berenguer, Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Marin, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Verdugo, A., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Gabriel, M., Goecke, P., Kiesling, C., vanderKolk, N., Simon, F., Szalay, M., Bilokin, S., Bonis, J., Cornebise, P., Richard, F., Pöschl, R., Rouëné, J., Thiebault, A., Zerwas, D., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Belkadhi, K., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Haddad, Y., Magniette, F., Ruan, M., Rubio-Roy, M., Shpak, K., Videau, H., Yu, D., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Dulucq, F., Martin-Chassard, G., de la Taille, Ch., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Kotera, K., Ono, H., Takeshita, T., and Corriveau, F.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadron Calorimeter (SDHCAL) technological prototype is a sampling calorimeter using Glass Resistive Plate Chamber detectors with a three-threshold readout as the active medium. This technology is one of the two options proposed for the hadron calorimeter of the International Large Detector for the International Linear Collider. The prototype was exposed to beams of muons, electrons and pions of different energies at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. To be able to study the performance of such a calorimeter in future experiments it is important to ensure reliable simulation of its response. In this paper we present our prototype simulation performed with GEANT4 and the digitization procedure achieved with an algorithm called SimDigital. A detailed description of this algorithm is given and the methods to determinate its parameters using muon tracks and electromagnetic showers are explained. The comparison with hadronic shower data shows a good agreement up to 50 GeV. Discrepancies are observed at higher energies. The reasons for these differences are investigated.
Published: 2016
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17. Rabi oscillation induced $\pi$-phase flip in an unbalanced Ramsey atom interferometer

Author: Li, R. B., Yao, Z. W., Wang, K., Lu, S. B., Cao, L., Wang, J., and Zhan, M. S.
Subjects: Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: We present an observation of zero to $\pi$ phase flips induced by Rabi oscillation in an unbalanced Ramsey atom interferometer. The phase shift and visibility are experimentally investigated by modulating either the polarization or duration of Raman lasers, and they are well explained by a theoretical model. In an atom interferometer, the $\pi$-phase flips are caused not only by the sign of Rabi frequency but also by the Rabi oscillation. Considering the $\pi$-phase flips, we propose the composite-light-pulse sequences for realizing the large-momentum-transfer beam splitter and mirror, which have the high immunity to the external phase noise in building the cold atom interferometer., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2016
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18. DHCAL with Minimal Absorber: Measurements with Positrons

Author: The CALICE Collaboration, Freund, B., Neubüser, C., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Xia, L., Dotti, A., Grefe, C., Ivantchenko, V., Antequera, J. Berenguer, Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Marin, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Verdugo, A., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Irles, A., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morgunov, V., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., Tran, H. L., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Schroeder, S., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kovalcuk, M., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., van Doren, B., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Miyazaki, Y., Sudo, Y., Suehara, T., Tomita, T., Ueno, H., Yoshioka, T., Bilokin, S., Bonis, J., Cornebise, P., Pöschl, R., Richard, F., Thiebault, A., Zerwas, D., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Besson, D., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Markin, O., Popova, E., Gabriel, M., Goecke, P., Kiesling, C., van der Kolk, N., Simon, F., Szalay, M., Corriveau, F., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Kotera, K., Ono, H., Takeshita, T., Ieki, S., Kamiya, Y., Ootani, W., Shibata, N., Jeans, D., Komamiya, S., and Nakanishi, H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: In special tests, the active layers of the CALICE Digital Hadron Calorimeter prototype, the DHCAL, were exposed to low energy particle beams, without being interleaved by absorber plates. The thickness of each layer corresponded approximately to 0.29 radiation lengths or 0.034 nuclear interaction lengths, defined mostly by the copper and steel skins of the detector cassettes. This paper reports on measurements performed with this device in the Fermilab test beam with positrons in the energy range of 1 to 10 GeV. The measurements are compared to simulations based on GEANT4 and a standalone program to emulate the detailed response of the active elements.
Published: 2016
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19. Hadron shower decomposition in the highly granular CALICE analogue hadron calorimeter

Author: The CALICE Collaboration, Eigen, G., Price, T., Watson, N. K., Marshall, J. S., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Apostolakis, J., Dotti, A., Folger, G., Ivantchenko, V., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Irles, A., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morgunov, V., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., Tran, H. L., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Schroeder, S., Briggl, K., Eckert, P., Munwes, Y., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., van Doren, B., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Hirai, H., Sudo, Y., Suehara, T., Sumida, H., Takada, S., Tomita, T., Yoshioka, T., Wing, M., Bonnevaux, A., Combaret, C., Caponetto, L., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J. C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Steen, A., Antequera, J. Berenguer, Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Marin, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Verdugo, A., Bobchenko, B., Markin, O., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Kirikova, N., Kozlov, V., Smirnov, P., Soloviev, Y., Besson, D., Buzhan, P., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Drutskoy, A., Ilyin, A., Mironov, D., Mizuk, R., Popova, E., Gabriel, M., Goecke, P., Kiesling, C., van der Kolk, N., Simon, F., Szalay, M., Bilokin, S., Bonis, J., Cornebise, P., Pöschl, R., Richard, F., Thiebault, A., Zerwas, D., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Becheva, E., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cizel, J-B., Clerc, C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Magniette, F., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Pavy, S., Rubio-Roy, M., Ruan, M., Videau, H., Callier, S., Dulucq, F., Martin-Chassard, G., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., de la Taille, Ch., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Kotera, K., Ono, H., Takeshita, T., Ieki, S., Kamiya, Y., Ootani, W., Shibata, N., Jeans, D., Komamiya, S., and Nakanishi, H.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The spatial development of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter is studied using test beam data collected at CERN and FNAL for single positive pions and protons with initial momenta in the range from 10 to 80 GeV/c. Both longitudinal and radial development of hadron showers are parametrised with two-component functions. The parametrisation is fit to test beam data and simulations using the QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT physics lists from Geant4 version 9.6. The parameters extracted from data and simulated samples are compared for the two types of hadrons. The response to pions and the ratio of the non-electromagnetic to the electromagnetic calorimeter response, h/e, are estimated using the extrapolation and decomposition of the longitudinal profiles., Comment: 38 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables; author list changed; submitted to JINST
Published: 2016
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20. First results of the CALICE SDHCAL technological prototype

Author: Buridon, V., Combaret, C., Caponetto, L., Eté, R., Garillot, G., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J. C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Petrukhin, A., Steen, A., Antequera, J. Berenguer, Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Marin, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Verdugo, A., Gil, E. Cortina, Mannai, S., Cauwenbergh, S., Tytgat, M., Pingault, A., Zaganidis, N., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Belkadhi, K., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Haddad, Y., Ruan, M., Shpak, K., Videau, H., Yu, D., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Dulucq, F., Martin-Chassard, G., de la Taille, Ch., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Boumediene, D., Carloganu, C., Français, V., Bonis, J., Bouquet, B., Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Faucci-Giannelli, M., Frisson, T., Guilhem, G., Li, H., Richard, F., Pöschl, R., Rouëné, J., Wicek, F., Zhang, Z., Deng, Z., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Yue, Q., Yang, Z., Cho, G., Kim, D-W., Lee, S. C., Park, W., Vallecorsa, S., Brianne, E., Ebrahimi, A., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Irles, A., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morgunov, V., Provenza, C. Neubüser A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Schuwalow, S., Tran, H. L., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Schroeder, S., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Kirikova, N., Kozlov, V., Smirnov, P., Soloviev, Y., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Gabriel, M., Goecke, P., Kiesling, C., van der Kolk, N., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Weuste, L., Jeans, D., Komamiya, S., Nakanishi, H., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., and Khoulaki, Y.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The CALICE Semi-Digital Hadronic Calorimeter (SDHCAL) prototype, built in 2011, was exposed to beams of hadrons, electrons and muons in two short periods in 2012 on two different beam lines of the CERN SPS. The prototype with its 48 active layers, made of Glass Resistive Plate Chambers and their embedded readout electronics, was run in triggerless and power-pulsing mode. The performance of the SDHCAL during the test beam was found to be very satisfactory with an efficiency exceeding 90% for almost all of the 48 active layers. A linear response (within 5%) and a good energy resolution are obtained for a large range of hadronic energies (5-80GeV) by applying appropriate calibration coefficients to the collected data for both the Digital (Binary) and the Semi-Digital (Multi-threshold) modes of the SDHCAL prototype. The Semi-Digital mode shows better performance at energies exceeding 30GeV
Published: 2016
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21. Shower development of particles with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the CALICE scintillator-tungsten hadronic calorimeter

Author: The CALICE collaboration, Chefdeville, M., Karyotakis, Y., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Xia, L., Eigen, G., Marshall, J. S., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Tehrani, N. Alipour, Apostolakis, J., Dannheim, D., Elsener, K., Folger, G., Grefe, C., Ivantchenko, V., Killenberg, M., Klempt, W., van der Kraaij, E., Linssen, L., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Münnich, A., Poss, S., Ribon, A., Roloff, P., Sailer, A., Schlatter, D., Sicking, E., Strube, J., Uzhinskiy, V., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Zutshi, V., Giraud, J., Grondin, D., Hostachy, J. -Y., Brianne, E., Cornett, U., David, D., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Irles, A., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Kvasnicka, J., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Neubüser, C., Provenza, A., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Tran, H. L., Vargas-Trevino, A., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Schröder, S., Briggl, K., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Munwes, Y., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Bilki, B., Onel, Y., Kawagoe, K., Hirai, H., Sudo, Y., Suehara, T., Sumida, H., Takada, S., Tomita, T., Yoshioka, T., Wing, M., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Marin, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Verdugo, A., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Kirikova, N., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Besson, D., Buzhan, P., Popova, E., Gabriel, M., Kiesling, C., van der Kolk, N., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., Cornebise, P., Richard, F., Pöschl, R., Rouëné, J., Thiebault, A., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cizel, J-B., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Haddad, Y., Magniette, F., Nanni, J., Pavy, S., Rubio-Roy, M., Shpak, K., Tran, T. H., Videau, H., Yu, D., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Martin-Chassard, G., de la Taille, Ch., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kovalcuk, M., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Ieki, S., Kamiya, Y., Ootani, W., Shibata, N., Chen, S., Jeans, D., Komamiya, S., Kozakai, C., Nakanishi, H., Götze, M., Sauer, J., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We present a study of showers initiated by electrons, pions, kaons, and protons with momenta from 15 GeV to 150 GeV in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-tungsten analogue hadronic calorimeter. The data were recorded at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron in 2011. The analysis includes measurements of the calorimeter response to each particle type as well as measurements of the energy resolution and studies of the longitudinal and radial shower development for selected particles. The results are compared to Geant4 simulations (version 9.6.p02). In the study of the energy resolution we include previously published data with beam momenta from 1 GeV to 10 GeV recorded at the CERN Proton Synchrotron in 2010., Comment: 35 pages, 21 figures, 8 tables
Published: 2015
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22. Pion and proton showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter

Author: The CALICE Collaboration, Bilki, B., Repond, J., Xia, L., Eigen, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Lima, J. G. R., Salcido, R., Zutshi, V., Salvatore, F., Kawagoe, K., Miyazaki, Y., Sudo, Y., Suehara, T., Tomita, T., Ueno, H., Yoshioka, T., Apostolakis, J., Dannheim, D., Folger, G., Ivantchenko, V., Klempt, W., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Ribon, A., Schlatter, D., Sicking, E., Uzhinskiy, V., Giraud, J., Grondin, D., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Brianne, E., Cornett, U., David, D., Ebrahimi, A., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Neubüser, C., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Tran, H. L., Buhmann, P., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Briggl, K., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Munwes, Y., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., van Doren, B., Wilson, G. W., Wing, M., Combaret, C., Caponetto, L., Eté, R., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J. C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Petrukhin, A., Steen, A., Antequera, J. Berenguer, Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Marin, J., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Verdugo, A., Corriveau, F., Bobchenko, B., Chistov, R., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Drutskoy, A., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mironov, D., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Besson, D., Buzhan, P., Ilyin, A., Popova, E., Gabriel, M., Kiesling, C., van der Kolk, N., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Cornebise, P., Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Frisson, T., Martin-Chassard, G., Pöschl, R., Raux, L., Richard, F., Rouëné, J., Seguin-Moreau, N., de la Taille, Ch., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Clerc, C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Matthieu, A., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Ruan, M., Videau, H., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Jeans, D., and Weber, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Showers produced by positive hadrons in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadron calorimeter were studied. The experimental data were collected at CERN and FNAL for single particles with initial momenta from 10 to 80 GeV/c. The calorimeter response and resolution and spatial characteristics of shower development for proton- and pion-induced showers for test beam data and simulations using Geant4 version 9.6 are compared., Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, JINST style, changes in the author list, typos corrected, new section added, figures regrouped. Accepted for publication in JINST
Published: 2014
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23. Testing Hadronic Interaction Models using a Highly Granular Silicon-Tungsten Calorimeter

Author: The CALICE Collaboration, Bilki, B., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Xia, L., Deng, Z., Li, Y., Wang, Y., Yue, Q., Yang, Z., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Price, T., Watson, N. K., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Cârloganu, C., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Lima, J. G. R., Salcido, P., Zutshi, V., Boisvert, V., Green, B., Misiejuk, A., Salvatore, F., Kawagoe, K., Miyazaki, Y., Sudo, Y., Suehara, T., Tomita, T., Ueno, H., Yoshioka, T., Apostolakis, J., Folger, G., Ivantchenko, V., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Cauwenbergh, S., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Krüger, K., Lutz, B., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Feege, N., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Lu, S., Marchesini, I., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Kaplan, A., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Kim, E. J., van Doren, B., Wilson, G. W., Wing, M., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Chistov, R., Danilov, M., Drutskoy, A., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Popov, V., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Besson, D., Popova, E., Gabriel, M., Kiesling, C., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Dulucq, F., Faucci-Giannelli, M., Fleury, J., Frisson, T., Kégl, B., van der Kolk, N., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Pöschl, R., Raux, L., Rouëné, J., Seguin-Moreau, N., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Becheva, E., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Magniette, F., Matthieu, A., de Freitas, P. Mora, Videau, H., Augustin, J-E., David, J., Ghislain, P., Lacour, D., Lavergne, L., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Jeans, D., and Götze, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A detailed study of hadronic interactions is presented using data recorded with the highly granular CALICE silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter. Approximately 350,000 selected negatively charged pion events at energies between 2 and 10 GeV have been studied. The predictions of several physics models available within the Geant4 simulation tool kit are compared to this data. A reasonable overall description of the data is observed; the Monte Carlo predictions are within 20% of the data, and for many observables much closer. The largest quantitative discrepancies are found in the longitudinal and transverse distributions of reconstructed energy., Comment: 28 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in NIM A
Published: 2014
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24. Non-polar Flexoelectrooptic Effect in Blue Phase Liquid Crystals

Author: Outram, B. I., Elston, S. J., Castles, F., Qasim, M. M., Coles, H., Chen, H. -Y., and Lu, S. -F.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
Abstract: Blue phase liquid crystals are not usually considered to exhibit a flexoelectrooptic effect, due to the polar nature of flexoelectric switching and the cubic or amorphous structure of blue phases. Here, we derive the form of the flexoelectric contribution to the Kerr constant of blue phases, and experimentally demonstrate and measure the separate contributions to the Kerr constant arising from flexoelectric and dielectric effects. Hence, a non-polar flexoelectrooptic effect is demonstrated in blue phase liquid crystals, which will have consequences for the engineering of novel blue-phase electrooptic technology., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2014

25. The Time Structure of Hadronic Showers in highly granular Calorimeters with Tungsten and Steel Absorbers

Author: Adloff, C., Blaising, J. -J., Chefdeville, M., Drancourt, C., Gaglione, R., Geffroy, N., Karyotakis, Y., Koletsou, I., Prast, J., Repond, G. Vouters J., Schlereth, J., Baldolemar, L. Xia E., Li, J., Park, S. T., Sosebee, M., White, A. P., Yu, J., Eigen, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Apostolakis, Y. Khoulaki J., Arfaoui, S., Benoit, M., Dannheim, D., Elsener, K., Folger, G., Grefe, C., Ivantchenko, V., Killenberg, M., Klempt, W., van der Kraaij, E., Linssen, L., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Münnich, A., Poss, S., Ribon, A., Roloff, P., Sailer, A., Schlatter, D., Sicking, E., Strube, J., Uzhinskiy, V., Carloganu, C., Gay, P., Manen, S., Royer, L., Cornett, U., David, D., Ebrahimi, A., Falley, G., Feege, N., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Neubüser, C., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Fagot, A., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Marchesini, I., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Briggl, K., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Miyazaki, Y., Sudo, Y., Ueno, H., Yoshioka, T., Dauncey, P. D., Gil, E. Cortina, Mannai, S., Baulieu, G., Calabria, P., Caponetto, L., Combaret, C., Della Negra, R., Ete, R., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J-C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Petrukhin, A., Steen, A., Tromeur, W., Donckt, M. Vander, Antequera, Y. Zoccarato J. Berenguer, Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Corriveau, F., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Besson, D., Buzhan, P., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Popova, E., Tikhomirov, V., Gabriel, M., Kiesling, C., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Cornebise, P., Fleury, J., Frisson, T., van der Kolk, N., Richard, F., Pöschl, R., Rouene, J., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Becheva, E., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Guliyev, E., Haddad, Y., Magniette, F., Ruan, M., Tran, T. H., Videau, H., Callier, S., Dulucq, F., Martin-Chassard, G., de la Taille, Ch., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, ., Ghazlane, H., Kotera, K., Ono, H., Takeshita, T., Uozumi, S., Chai, J. S., Song, H. S., Lee, S. H., Götze, M., Sauer, J., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The intrinsic time structure of hadronic showers influences the timing capability and the required integration time of hadronic calorimeters in particle physics experiments, and depends on the active medium and on the absorber of the calorimeter. With the CALICE T3B experiment, a setup of 15 small plastic scintillator tiles read out with Silicon Photomultipliers, the time structure of showers is measured on a statistical basis with high spatial and temporal resolution in sampling calorimeters with tungsten and steel absorbers. The results are compared to GEANT4 (version 9.4 patch 03) simulations with different hadronic physics models. These comparisons demonstrate the importance of using high precision treatment of low-energy neutrons for tungsten absorbers, while an overall good agreement between data and simulations for all considered models is observed for steel., Comment: 24 pages including author list, 9 figures, published in JINST
Published: 2014
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26. Performance of the first prototype of the CALICE scintillator strip electromagnetic calorimeter

Author: CALICE Collaboration, Francis, K., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Smith, J., Xia, L., Baldolemar, E., Li, J., Park, S. T., Sosebee, M., White, A. P., Yu, J., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Watson, N. K., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Apostolakis, J., Dotti, A., Folger, G., Ivantchenko, V., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Carloganu, C., Gay, P., Manen, S., Royer, L., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Lima, J. G. R., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Cornett, U., David, D., Ebrahimi, A., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Goettlicher, P., Guenter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Krueger, K., Lutz, B., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Neubueser, C., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Lu, S., Marchesini, I., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Briggl, K., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Sudo, Y., Yoshioka, T., Dauncey, P. D., Wing, M., Salvatore, F., Gil, E. Cortina, Mannai, S., Baulieu, G., Calabria, P., Caponetto, L., Combaret, C., Della Negra, R., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J-C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Petrukhin, A., Steen, A., Tromeur, W., Donckt, M. Vander, Zoccarato, Y., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Corriveau, F., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Popov, V., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Besson, D., Buzhan, P., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Tikhomirov, V., Kiesling, C., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Frisson, T., van der Kolk, N., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Poeschl, R., Raux, L., Rouene, J., Seguin-Moreau, N., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Guliyev, E., Haddad, Y., Magniette, F., Musat, G., Ruan, M., Tran, T. H., Videau, H., Bulanek, B., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Ghazlane, H., Kotera, K., Ono, H., Takeshita, T., Uozumi, S., Jeans, D., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Goetze, M., Sauer, J., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A first prototype of a scintillator strip-based electromagnetic calorimeter was built, consisting of 26 layers of tungsten absorber plates interleaved with planes of 45x10x3 mm3 plastic scintillator strips. Data were collected using a positron test beam at DESY with momenta between 1 and 6 GeV/c. The prototype's performance is presented in terms of the linearity and resolution of the energy measurement. These results represent an important milestone in the development of highly granular calorimeters using scintillator strip technology. This technology is being developed for a future linear collider experiment, aiming at the precise measurement of jet energies using particle flow techniques.
Published: 2013
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27. Shower development of particles with momenta from 1 to 10 GeV in the CALICE Scintillator-Tungsten HCAL

Author: Adloff, C., Blaising, J. -J., Chefdeville, M., Drancourt, C., Gaglione, R., Geffroy, N., Karyotakis, Y., Koletsou, I., Prast, J., Vouters, G., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Smith, J., Xia, L., Baldolemar, E., Li, J., Park, S. T., Sosebee, M., White, A. P., Yu, J., Eigen, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Apostolakis, J., Dannheim, D., Dotti, A., Elsener, K., Folger, G., Grefe, C., Ivantchenko, V., Killenberg, M., Klempt, W., van der Kraaij, E., Lam, C. B., Linssen, L., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Muennich, A., Poss, S., Ribon, A., Sailer, A., Schlatter, D., Strube, J., Uzhinskiy, V., Carloganu, C., Gay, P., Manen, S., Royer, L., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Lima, J. G. R., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Cornett, U., David, D., Ebrahimi, A., Falley, G., Feege, N., Gadow, K., Goettlicher, P., Guenter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Krueger, K., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Neubueser, C., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Marchesini, I., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Briggl, K., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Northacker, D., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Sudo, Y., Yoshioka, T., Dauncey, P. D., Wing, M., Salvatore, F., Gil, E. Cortina, Mannai, S., Baulieu, G., Calabria, P., Caponetto, L., Combaret, C., Della Negra, R., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J-C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Petrukhin, A., Steen, A., Tromeur, W., Donckt, M. Vander, Zoccarato, Y., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Corriveau, F., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Popov, V., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Kirikova, N., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Besson, D., Buzhan, P., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Tikhomirov, V., Kiesling, C., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Frisson, T., van der Kolk, N., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Poeschl, R., Raux, L., Rouene, J., Seguin-Moreau, N., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Guliyev, E., Haddad, Y., Magniette, F., Musat, G., Ruan, M., Tran, T. H., Videau, H., Bulanek, B., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Ghazlane, H., Kotera, K., Takeshita, T., Uozumi, S., Chang, S., Khan, A., Kim, D. H., Kong, D. J., Oh, Y. D., Goetze, M., Sauer, J., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Lepton colliders are considered as options to complement and to extend the physics programme at the Large Hadron Collider. The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is an $e^+e^-$ collider under development aiming at centre-of-mass energies of up to 3 TeV. For experiments at CLIC, a hadron sampling calorimeter with tungsten absorber is proposed. Such a calorimeter provides sufficient depth to contain high-energy showers, while allowing a compact size for the surrounding solenoid. A fine-grained calorimeter prototype with tungsten absorber plates and scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers was built and exposed to particle beams at CERN. Results obtained with electrons, pions and protons of momenta up to 10 GeV are presented in terms of energy resolution and shower shape studies. The results are compared with several GEANT4 simulation models in order to assess the reliability of the Monte Carlo predictions relevant for a future experiment at CLIC., Comment: 28 pages, 23 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2013
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28. Validation of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Models with a Highly Granular Scintillator-Steel Hadron Calorimeter

Author: Adloff, C., Blaha, J., Blaising, J. -J., Drancourt, C., Espargilière, A., Gaglione, R., Geffroy, N., Karyotakis, Y., Prast, J., Vouters, G., Francis, K., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Smith, J., Xia, L., Baldolemar, E., Li, J., Park, S. T., Sosebee, M., White, A. P., Yu, J., Buanes, T., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Watson, N. K., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Yan, W., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Apostolakis, J., Dotti, A., Folger, G., Ivantchenko, V., Uzhinskiy, V., Benyamna, M., Cârloganu, C., Fehr, F., Gay, P., Manen, S., Royer, L., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Lima, J. G. R., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Cornett, U., David, D., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hermberg, B., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Vargas-Trevino, A., Feege, N., Garutti, E., Marchesinik, I., Ramilli, M., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Bartsch, V., Wing, M., Salvatore, F., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Popov, V., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Kirikova, N., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Buzhan, P., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Tikhomirov, V., Kiesling, C., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Frisson, T., van der Kolk, N., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Pöschl, R., Raux, L., Rouëné, J., Seguin-Moreau, N., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Jeans, D., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Reinhard, M., Ruan, M., Videau, H., Bulanek, B., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Ghazlane, H., Takeshita, T., Uozumi, S., Götze, M., Hartbrich, O., Sauer, J., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Calorimeters with a high granularity are a fundamental requirement of the Particle Flow paradigm. This paper focuses on the prototype of a hadron calorimeter with analog readout, consisting of thirty-eight scintillator layers alternating with steel absorber planes. The scintillator plates are finely segmented into tiles individually read out via Silicon Photomultipliers. The presented results are based on data collected with pion beams in the energy range from 8GeV to 100GeV. The fine segmentation of the sensitive layers and the high sampling frequency allow for an excellent reconstruction of the spatial development of hadronic showers. A comparison between data and Monte Carlo simulations is presented, concerning both the longitudinal and lateral development of hadronic showers and the global response of the calorimeter. The performance of several GEANT4 physics lists with respect to these observables is evaluated.
Published: 2013
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29. Track segments in hadronic showers in a highly granular scintillator-steel hadron calorimeter

Author: CALICE Collaboration, Adloff, C., Blaising, J. -J., Chefdeville, M., Drancourt, C., Gaglione, R., Geffroy, N., Karyotakis, Y., Koletsou, I., Prast, J., Vouters, G., Francis, K., Repond, J., Schlereth, J., Smith, J., Xia, L., Baldolemar, E., Li, J., Park, S. T., Sosebee, M., White, A. P., Yu, J., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Watson, N. K., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Yan, W., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Apostolakis, J., Dannheim, D., Dotti, A., Folger, G., Ivantchenko, V., Klempt, W., van der Kraaij, E., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Ribon, A., Schlatter, D., Uzhinskiy, V., Carloganu, C., Gay, P., Manen, S., Royer, L., Tytgat, M., Zaganidis, N., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Lima, J. G. R., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Cornett, U., David, D., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hartbrich, O., Hermberg, B., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Krüger, K., Lu, S., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Feege, N., Garutti, E., Laurien, S., Marchesini, I., Matysek, M., Ramilli, M., Briggl, K., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Sudo, Y., Yoshioka, T., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Bartsch, V., Wing, M., Salvatore, F., Gil, E. Cortina, Mannai, S., Baulieu, G., Calabria, P., Caponetto, L., Combaret, C., Della Negra, R., Grenier, G., Han, R., Ianigro, J-C., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Lumb, N., Mathez, H., Mirabito, L., Petrukhin, A., Steen, A., Tromeur, W., Donckt, M. Vander, Zoccarato, Y., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Corriveau, F., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Popov, V., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Kirikova, N., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Buzhan, P., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Tikhomirov, V., Kiesling, C., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Amjad, M. S., Bonis, J., Callier, S., di Lorenzo, S. Conforti, Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Frisson, T., van der Kolk, N., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Pöschl, R., Raux, L., Rouene, J., Seguin-Moreau, N., Anduze, M., Balagura, V., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Guliyev, E., Haddad, Y., Magniette, F., Musat, G., Ruan, M., Tran, T. H., Videau, H., Bulanek, B., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Ghazlane, H., Kotera, K., Takeshita, T., Uozumi, S., Jeans, D., Götze, M., Sauer, J., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We investigate the three dimensional substructure of hadronic showers in the CALICE scintillator-steel hadronic calorimeter. The high granularity of the detector is used to find track segments of minimum ionising particles within hadronic showers, providing sensitivity to the spatial structure and the details of secondary particle production in hadronic cascades. The multiplicity, length and angular distribution of identified track segments are compared to GEANT4 simulations with several different shower models. Track segments also provide the possibility for in-situ calibration of highly granular calorimeters., Comment: 27 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in JINST
Published: 2013

30. A Nystrom flavored Calder\'on Calculus of order three for two dimensional waves

Author: Dominguez, V., Lu, S. L., and Sayas, F. -J.
Subjects: Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 65N38, 35J05, 65M38
Abstract: In this paper we present and test a full discretization of all elements of the Calder\'on Calculus (layer potentials and integral operators) for the Helmholtz equation in smooth closed curves in the plane. The resulting integral equations provide approximations of order three for all variables involved. Test are shown for a wide array of direct, indirect and combined field integral equation at fixed frequency and for a Convolution Quadrature based approximation in the time domain.
Published: 2013

31. The HERMES Recoil Detector

Author: Airapetian, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Belostotski, S., Borissov, A., Borisenko, A., Bowles, J., Brodski, I., Bryzgalov, V., Burns, J., Capitani, G. P., Carassiti, V., Ciullo, G., Clarkson, A., Contalbrigo, M., De Leo, R., De Sanctis, E., Diefenthaler, M., Di Nezza, P., Düren, M., Ehrenfried, M., Guler, H., Gregor, I. M., Hartig, M., Hill, G., Hoek, M., Holler, Y., Hristova, I., Jo, H. S., Kaiser, R., Keri, T., Kisselev, A., Krause, B., Krauss, B., Lagamba, L., Lehmann, I., Lenisa, P., Lu, S., Lu, X. -G., Lumsden, S., Mahon, D., de la Ossa, A. Martinez, Murray, M., Mussgiller, A., Nowak, W. -D., Naryshkin, Y., Osborne, A., Pappalardo, L. L., Perez-Benito, R., Petrov, A., Pickert, N., Prahl, V., Protopopescu, D., Reinecke, M., Riedl, C., Rith, K., Rosner, G., Rubacek, L., Ryckbosch, D., Salomatin, Y., Schnell, G., Seitz, B., Shearer, C., Shutov, V., Statera, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Stenzel, H., Stewart, J., Stinzing, F., Trzcinski, A., Tytgat, M., Vandenbroucke, A., Van Haarlem, Y., Van Hulse, C., Varanda, M., Veretennikov, D., Vilardi, I., Vikhrov, V., Vogel, C., Yaschenko, S., Ye, Z., Yu, W., Zeiler, D., and Zihlmann, B.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: For the final running period of HERA, a recoil detector was installed at the HERMES experiment to improve measurements of hard exclusive processes in charged-lepton nucleon scattering. Here, deeply virtual Compton scattering is of particular interest as this process provides constraints on generalised parton distributions that give access to the total angular momenta of quarks within the nucleon. The HERMES recoil detector was designed to improve the selection of exclusive events by a direct measurement of the four-momentum of the recoiling particle. It consisted of three components: two layers of double-sided silicon strip sensors inside the HERA beam vacuum, a two-barrel scintillating fibre tracker, and a photon detector. All sub-detectors were located inside a solenoidal magnetic field with an integrated field strength of 1 T. The recoil detector was installed in late 2005. After the commissioning of all components was finished in September 2006, it operated stably until the end of data taking at HERA end of June 2007. The present paper gives a brief overview of the physics processes of interest and the general detector design. The recoil detector components, their calibration, the momentum reconstruction of charged particles, and the event selection are described in detail. The paper closes with a summary of the performance of the detection system., Comment: 50 pages, 72 figures
Published: 2013
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32. Hadronic energy resolution of a highly granular scintillator-steel hadron calorimeter using software compensation techniques

Author: CALICE Collaboration, Adloff, C., Blaha, J., Blaising, J. -J., Drancourt, C., Espargilière, A., Gaglione, R., Geffroy, N., Karyotakis, Y., Prast, J., Vouters, G., Francis, K., Repond, J., Smith, J., Xia, L., Baldolemar, E., Li, J., Park, S. T., Sosebee, M., White, A. P., Yu, J., Buanes, T., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Watson, N. K., Goto, T., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Yan, W., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Benyamna, M., Cârloganu, C., Fehr, F., Gay, P., Manen, S., Royer, L., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Lima, J. G. R., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Cornett, U., David, D., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Hermberg, B., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Vargas-Trevino, A., Feege, N., Garutti, E., Marchesini, I., Ramilli, M., Eckert, P., Harion, T., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Tadday, A., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Wing, M., Salvatore, F., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Balagura, V., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Kirikova, N., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Buzhan, P., Dolgoshein, B., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Smirnov, S., Kiesling, C., Pfau, S., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Szalay, M., Tesar, M., Weuste, L., Bonis, J., Bouquet, B., Callier, S., Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Dulucq, F., Giannelli, M. Faucci, Fleury, J., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Pöschl, R., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Wicek, F., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Jeans, D., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Reinhard, M., Ruan, M., Videau, H., Bulanek, B., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Ghazlane, H., Takeshita, T., Uozumi, S., Sauer, J., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The energy resolution of a highly granular 1 m3 analogue scintillator-steel hadronic calorimeter is studied using charged pions with energies from 10 GeV to 80 GeV at the CERN SPS. The energy resolution for single hadrons is determined to be approximately 58%/sqrt(E/GeV}. This resolution is improved to approximately 45%/sqrt(E/GeV) with software compensation techniques. These techniques take advantage of the event-by-event information about the substructure of hadronic showers which is provided by the imaging capabilities of the calorimeter. The energy reconstruction is improved either with corrections based on the local energy density or by applying a single correction factor to the event energy sum derived from a global measure of the shower energy density. The application of the compensation algorithms to Geant4 simulations yield resolution improvements comparable to those observed for real data., Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2012
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33. Beam-helicity asymmetry arising from deeply virtual Compton scattering measured with kinematically complete event reconstruction

Author: The HERMES Collaboration, Airapetian, A., Akopov, N., Akopov, Z., Aschenauer, E. C., Augustyniak, W., Avakian, R., Avetissian, A., Avetisyan, E., Belostotski, S., Blok, H. P., Borissov, A., Bowles, J., Brodski, I., Bryzgalov, V., Burns, J., Capiluppi, M., Capitani, G. P., Cisbani, E., Ciullo, G., Contalbrigo, M., Dalpiaz, P. F., Deconinck, W., De Leo, R., De Nardo, L., De Sanctis, E., Diefenthaler, M., Di Nezza, P., Düren, M., Ehrenfried, M., Elbakian, G., Ellinghaus, F., Etzelmüller, E., Fabbri, R., Fantoni, A., Felawka, L., Frullani, S., Gapienko, G., Gapienko, V., Garibaldi, F., Gavrilov, G., Gharibyan, V., Giordano, F., Gliske, S., Golembiovskaya, M., Gregor, I. M., Guler, H., Hartig, M., Hasch, D., Hillenbrand, A., Hoek, M., Holler, Y., Hristova, I., Ivanilov, A., Jackson, H. E., Jo, H. S., Joosten, S., Kaiser, R., Karyan, G., Keri, T., Kinney, E., Kisselev, A., Korotkov, V., Kozlov, V., Krauss, B., Kravchenko, P., Krivokhijine, V. G., Lagamba, L., Lapikás, L., Lehmann, I., Lenisa, P., Ruiz, A. López, Lorenzon, W., Lu, S., Lu, X., Ma, B. -Q., Mahon, D., Makins, N. C. R., Manaenkov, S. I., Manfré, L., Mao, Y., Marianski, B., de la Ossa, A. Martinez, Marukyan, H., Miller, C. A., Miyachi, Y., Movsisyan, A., Murray, M., Mussgiller, A., Nappi, E., Naryshkin, Y., Nass, A., Negodaev, M., Nowak, W. -D., Osborne, A., Pappalardo, L. L., Perez-Benito, R., Petrosyan, A., Reimer, P. E., Reolon, A. R., Riedl, C., Rith, K., Rosner, G., Rostomyan, A., Rubacek, L., Rubin, J., Ryckbosch, D., Schäfer, A., Schnell, G., Schüler, K. P., Seitz, B., Shearer, C., Shibata, T. -A., Shutov, V., Stancari, M., Statera, M., Steijger, J. J. M., Stewart, J., Taroian, S., Terkulov, A., Truty, R., Trzcinski, A., Tytgat, M., Van Haarlem, Y., Van Hulse, C., Veretennikov, D., Vikhrov, V., Vilardi, I., Wang, S., Yaschenko, S., Ye, Z., Yen, S., Zagrebelnyy, V., Zeiler, D., Zihlmann, B., and Zupranski, P.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The beam-helicity asymmetry in exclusive electroproduction of real photons by the longitudinally polarized HERA positron beam scattering off an unpolarized hydrogen target is measured at HERMES. The asymmetry arises from deeply virtual Compton scattering and its interference with the Bethe--Heitler process. Azimuthal amplitudes of the beam-helicity asymmetry are extracted from a data sample consisting of $ep\rightarrow ep\gamma$ events with detection of all particles in the final state including the recoiling proton. The installation of a recoil detector, while reducing the acceptance of the experiment, allows the elimination of background from $ep\rightarrow eN\pi\gamma$ events, which was estimated to contribute an average of about 12% to the signal in previous HERMES publications. The removal of this background from the present data sample is shown to increase the magnitude of the leading asymmetry amplitude by 0.054 +/- 0.016 to -0.328 +/- 0.027 (stat.) +/- 0.045 (syst.).
Published: 2012
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34. Electromagnetic response of a highly granular hadronic calorimeter

Author: Adloff, C., Blaha, J., Blaising, J. -J., Drancourt, C., Espargilière, A., Gaglione, R., Geffroy, N., Karyotakis, Y., Prast, J., Vouters, G., Francis, K., Repond, J., Smith, J., Xia, L., Baldolemar, E., Li, J., Park, S. T., Sosebee, M., White, A. P., Yu, J., Mikami, Y., Goto, N. K. Watson T., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Yan, D. R. Ward W., Benyamna, M., Cârloganu, C., Fehr, F., Gay, P., Manen, S., Royer, L., Blazey, G. C., Dyshkant, A., Lima, J. G. R., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Cornett, U., David, D., Fabbri, R., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Garutti, E., Göttlicher, P., Günter, C., Karstensen, S., Krivan, F., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Lu, S., Lutz, B., Marchesini, I., Meyer, N., Morozov, S., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Terwort, M., Vargas-Trevino, A., Wattimena, N., Wendt, O., Feege, N., Haller, J., Richter, S., Eckert, J. Samson P., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Stamen, R., Tadday, A., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Wilson, G. W., Kawagoe, K., Uozumi, S., Ballin, J. A., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Yilmaz, H. S., Zorba, O., Bartsch, V., Postranecky, M., Warren, M., Wing, M., Salvatore, F., Alamillo, E. Calvo, Fouz, M. -C., Puerta-Pelayo, J., Balagura, V., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Epifantsev, A., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Soloviev, Y., Kozlov, V., Buzhan, P., Dolgoshein, B., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Smirnov, S., Frey, A., Kiesling, C., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Weuste, L., Bonis, J., Bouquet, B., Callier, S., Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Dulucq, F., Giannelli, M. Faucci, Fleury, J., Guilhem, G., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Pöschl, R., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Wicek, F., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Jeans, D., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Reinhard, M., Ruan, M., Videau, H., Bulanek, B., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Lednicky, D., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Ghazlane, H., Kotera, K., Nishiyama, M., Takeshita, T., Tozuka, S., Buanes, T., and Eigen, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The CALICE collaboration is studying the design of high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for future International Linear Collider detectors. For the hadronic calorimeter, one option is a highly granular sampling calorimeter with steel as absorber and scintillator layers as active material. High granularity is obtained by segmenting the scintillator into small tiles individually read out via silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM). A prototype has been built, consisting of thirty-eight sensitive layers, segmented into about eight thousand channels. In 2007 the prototype was exposed to positrons and hadrons using the CERN SPS beam, covering a wide range of beam energies and incidence angles. The challenge of cell equalization and calibration of such a large number of channels is best validated using electromagnetic processes. The response of the prototype steel-scintillator calorimeter, including linearity and uniformity, to electrons is investigated and described.
Published: 2010
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35. Study of the interactions of pions in the CALICE silicon-tungsten calorimeter prototype

Author: Adloff, C., Karyotakis, Y., Repond, J., Yu, J., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Watson, N. K., Wilson, J. A., Goto, T., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Yan, W., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Apostolakis, J., Ribon, A., Uzhinskiy, V., Benyamna, M., Cârloganu, C., Fehr, F., Gay, P., Blazey, G. C., Chakraborty, D., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Hedin, D., Lima, J. G., Zutshi, V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Krastev, K., Morin, L., D'Ascenzo, N., Cornett, U., David, D., Fabbri, R., Falley, G., Gadow, K., Garutti, E., Göttlicher, P., Jung, T., Karstensen, S., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Lutz, B., Meyer, N., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Vargas-Trevino, A., Wattimena, N., Wendt, O., Feege, N., Groll, M., Haller, J., Heuer, R. -D., Morozov, S., Richter, S., Samson, J., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Tadday, A., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Kim, E. J., Kim, G., Kim, D-W., Lee, K., Lee, S. C., Kawagoe, K., Tamura, Y., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Yilmaz, H., Zorba, O., Bartsch, V., Postranecky, M., Warren, M., Wing, M., Green, M. G., Salvatore, F., Bedjidian, M., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Fouz, M. -C., Bailey, D. S., Barlow, R. J., Kelly, M., Thompson, R. J., Danilov, M., Tarkovsky, E., Baranova, N., Karmanov, D., Korolev, M., Merkin, M., Voronin, A., Frey, A., Lu, S., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Weuste, L., Bonis, J., Bouquet, B., Callier, S., Cornebise, P., Doublet, Ph., Giannelli, M. Faucci, Fleury, J., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Poeschl, R., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Wicek, F., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Gaycken, G., Jeans, D., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Reinhard, M., Rougé, A., Ruan, M., Vanel, J-Ch., Videau, H., Park, K-H., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Belhorma, B., Belmir, M., Nam, S. W., Park, I. H., Yang, J., Chai, Jong-Seo, Kim, Jong-Tae, Kim, Geun-Bum, Kang, J., and Kwon, Y. -J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A prototype silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter for an ILC detector was tested in 2007 at the CERN SPS test beam. Data were collected with electron and hadron beams in the energy range 8 to 80 GeV. The analysis described here focuses on the interactions of pions in the calorimeter. One of the main objectives of the CALICE program is to validate the Monte Carlo tools available for the design of a full-sized detector. The interactions of pions in the Si-W calorimeter are therefore confronted with the predictions of various physical models implemented in the GEANT4 simulation framework.
Published: 2010
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36. Construction and Commissioning of the CALICE Analog Hadron Calorimeter Prototype

Author: Adloff, C., Karyotakis, Y., Repond, J., Brandt, A., Brown, H., De, K., Medina, C., Smith, J., Li, J., Sosebee, M., White, A., Yu, J., Buanes, T., Eigen, G., Mikami, Y., Miller, O., Watson, N. K., Wilson, J. A., Goto, T., Mavromanolakis, G., Thomson, M. A., Ward, D. R., Yan, W., Benchekroun, D., Hoummada, A., Khoulaki, Y., Oreglia, M., Benyamna, M., Cârloganu, C., Gay, P., Ha, J., Blazey, G. C., Chakraborty, D., Dyshkant, A., Francis, K., Hedin, D., Lima, G., Zutshi, V., Babkin, V. A., Bazylev, S. N., Fedotov, Yu. I., Slepnev, V. M., Tiapkin, I. A., Volgin, S. V., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., D?Ascenzo, N., Cornett, U., David, D., Fabbri, R., Falley, G., Feege, N., Gadow, K., Garutti, E., Göttlicher, P., Jung, T., Karstensen, S., Korbel, V., Lucaci-Timoce, A. -I., Lutz, B., Meyer, N., Morgunov, V., Reinecke, M., Schätzel, S., Schmidt, S., Sefkow, F., Smirnov, P., Vargas-Trevino, A., Wattimena, N., Wendt, O., Groll, M., Heuer, R. -D., Richter, S., Samson, J., Kaplan, A., Schultz-Coulon, H. -Ch., Shen, W., Tadday, A., Bilki, B., Norbeck, E., Onel, Y., Kim, E. J., Kim, G., Kim, D-W., Lee, K., Lee, S. C., Kawagoe, K., Tamura, Y., Ballin, J. A., Dauncey, P. D., Magnan, A. -M., Yilmaz, H., Zorba, O., Bartsch, V., Postranecky, M., Warren, M., Wing, M., Giannelli, M. Faucci, Green, M. G., Salvatore, F., Kieffer, R., Laktineh, I., Fouz, M. C, Bailey, D. S., Barlow, R. J., Thompson, R. J., Batouritski, M., Dvornikov, O., Shulhevich, Yu., Shumeiko, N., Solin, A., Starovoitov, P., Tchekhovski, V., Terletski, A., Bobchenko, B., Chadeeva, M., Danilov, M., Markin, O., Mizuk, R., Novikov, E., Rusinov, V., Tarkovsky, E., Andreev, V., Kirikova, N., Komar, A., Kozlov, V., Soloviev, Y., Terkulov, A., Buzhan, P., Dolgoshein, B., Ilyin, A., Kantserov, V., Kaplin, V., Karakash, A., Popova, E., Smirnov, S., Baranova, N., Boos, E., Gladilin, L., Karmanov, D., Korolev, M., Merkin, M., Savin, A., Voronin, A., Topkar, A., Freyk, A., Kiesling, C., Lu, S., Prothmann, K., Seidel, K., Simon, F., Soldner, C., Weuste, L., Bouquet, B., Callier, S., Cornebise, P., Dulucq, F., Fleury, J., Li, H., Martin-Chassard, G., Richard, F., de la Taille, Ch., Poeschl, R., Raux, L., Ruan, M., Seguin-Moreau, N., Wicek, F., Anduze, M., Boudry, V., Brient, J-C., Gaycken, G., Cornat, R., Jeans, D., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Reinhard, M., Rougé, A., Vanel, J-Ch., Videau, H., Park, K-H., Zacek, J., Cvach, J., Gallus, P., Havranek, M., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Popule, J., Tomasek, L., Tomasek, M., Ruzicka, P., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Arestov, Yu., Ammosov, V., Chuiko, B., Gapienko, V., Gilitski, Y., Koreshev, V., Semak, A., Sviridov, Yu., Zaets, V., Belhorma, B., Belmir, M., Baird, A., Halsall, R. N., Nam, S. W., Park, I. H., Yang, J., Chai, Jong-Seo, Kim, Jong-Tae, Kim, Geun-Bum, Kim, Y., Kang, J., Kwon, Y. -J., Kim, Ilgoo, Lee, Taeyun, Park, Jaehong, Sung, Jinho, Itoh, S., Kotera, K., Nishiyama, M., Takeshita, T., Weber, S., and Zeitnitz, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: An analog hadron calorimeter (AHCAL) prototype of 5.3 nuclear interaction lengths thickness has been constructed by members of the CALICE Collaboration. The AHCAL prototype consists of a 38-layer sandwich structure of steel plates and highly-segmented scintillator tiles that are read out by wavelength-shifting fibers coupled to SiPMs. The signal is amplified and shaped with a custom-designed ASIC. A calibration/monitoring system based on LED light was developed to monitor the SiPM gain and to measure the full SiPM response curve in order to correct for non-linearity. Ultimately, the physics goals are the study of hadron shower shapes and testing the concept of particle flow. The technical goal consists of measuring the performance and reliability of 7608 SiPMs. The AHCAL was commissioned in test beams at DESY and CERN. The entire prototype was completed in 2007 and recorded hadron showers, electron showers and muons at different energies and incident angles in test beams at CERN and Fermilab., Comment: 36 pages, 32 figures
Published: 2010
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37. An Updated Search of Steady TeV $\gamma-$Ray Point Sources in Northern Hemisphere Using the Tibet Air Shower Array

Author: Wang, Y., Bi, X. J., Cui, S. W., Ding, L. K., Danzengluobu, Ding, X. H., Fan, C., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Z. Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., He, M., Hu, Haibing, Hu, H. B., Huang, Q., Jia, H. Y., Labaciren, Le, G. M., Li, A. F., Li, J. Y., Lou, Y. -Q., Lu, H., Lu, S. L., Meng, X. R., Mu, J., Ren, J. R., Tan, Y. H., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wang, Y. G., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yang, X. C., Ye, Z. H., Yu, G. C., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Yi, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhou, X. X., and Yuan, Q.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: Using the data taken from Tibet II High Density (HD) Array (1997 February-1999 September) and Tibet-III array (1999 November-2005 November), our previous northern sky survey for TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources has now been updated by a factor of 2.8 improved statistics. From $0.0^{\circ}$ to $60.0^{\circ}$ in declination (Dec) range, no new TeV $\gamma-$ray point sources with sufficiently high significance were identified while the well-known Crab Nebula and Mrk421 remain to be the brightest TeV $\gamma-$ray sources within the field of view of the Tibet air shower array. Based on the currently available data and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), the flux upper limits for different power law index assumption are re-derived, which are approximately improved by 1.7 times as compared with our previous reported limits., Comment: This paper has been accepted by hepnp
Published: 2008
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38. New estimation of the spectral index of high-energy cosmic rays as determined by the Compton-Getting anisotropy

Author: Amenomori, M., Bi, X. J., Chen, D., Cui, S. W., Danzengluobu, Ding, L. K., Ding, X. H., Fan, C., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Z. Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., He, M., Hibino, K., Hotta, N., Hu, Haibing, Hu, H. B., Huang, J., Huang, Q., Jia, H. Y., Kajino, F., Kasahara, K., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawata, K., Labaciren, Le, G. M., Li, A. F., Li, J. Y., Lou, Y. -Q., Lu, H., Lu, S. L., Meng, X. R., Mizutani, K., Mu, J., Munakata, K., Nagai, A., Nanjo, H., Nishizawa, M., Ohnishi, M., Ohta, I., Onuma, H., Ouchi, T., Ozawa, S., Ren, J. R., Saito, T., Saito, T. Y., Sakata, M., Sako, T. K., Shibata, M., Shiomi, A., Shirai, T., Sugimoto, H., Takita, M., Tan, Y. H., Tateyama, N., Torii, S., Tsuchiya, H., Udo, S., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. G., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yamamoto, Y., Yan, C. T., Yang, X. C., Yasue, S., Ye, Z. H., Yu, G. C., Yuan, A. F., Yuda, T., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Yi, Zhaxisangzhu, and Zhou, X. X.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: The amplitude of the Compton-Getting (CG) anisotropy contains the power-law index of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum. Based on this relation and using the Tibet air-shower array data, we measure the cosmic-ray spectral index to be $-3.03 \pm 0.55_{stat} \pm < 0.62_{syst}$ between 6 TeV and 40 TeV, consistent with $-$2.7 from direct energy spectrum measurements. Potentially, this CG anisotropy analysis can be utilized to confirm the astrophysical origin of the ``knee'' against models for non-standard hadronic interactions in the atmosphere., Comment: accepted to ApJL
Published: 2007
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39. Future plan for observation of cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region with the Tibet air shower array : simulation and sensitivity

Author: Amenomori, M., Bi, X. J., Chen, D., Cui, S. W., Danzengluobu, Ding, L. K., Ding, X. H., Fan, C., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Z. Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., He, M., Hibino, K., Hotta, N., Hu, Haibing, Hu, H. B., Huang, J., Huang, Q., Jia, H. Y., Kajino, F., Kasahara, K., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawata, K., Labaciren, Le, G. M., Li, A. F., Li, J. Y., Lou, Y. -Q., Lu, H., Lu, S. L., Meng, X. R., Mizutani, K., Mu, J., Munakata, K., Nagai, A., Nanjo, H., Nishizawa, M., Ohnishi, M., Ohta, I., Onuma, H., Ouchi, T., Ozawa, S., Ren, J. R., Saito, T., Saito, T. Y., Sakata, M., Sako, T. K., Shibata, M., Shiomi, A., Shirai, T., Sugimoto, H., Takita, M., Tan, Y. H., Tateyama, N., Torii, S., Tsuchiya, H., Udo, S., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. G., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yamamoto, Y., Yan, C. T., Yang, X. C., Yasue, S., Ye, Z. H., Yu, G. C., Yuan, A. F., Yuda, T., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Yi, Zhaxisangzhu, and Zhou, X. X.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: The Tibet air shower array, which has an effective area of 37,000 square meters and is located at 4300 m in altitude, has been observing air showers induced by cosmic rays with energies above a few TeV. We have a plan to add a large muon detector array to it for the purpose of increasing its sensitivity to cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region by discriminating them from cosmic-ray hadrons. We have deduced the attainable sensitivity of the muon detector array using our Monte Carlo simulation. We report here on the detailed procedure of our Monte Carlo simulation., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference
Published: 2007

40. Future plan for observation of cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region with the Tibet air shower array : physics goal and overview

Author: Amenomori, M., Bi, X. J., Chen, D., Cui, S. W., Danzengluobu, Ding, L. K., Ding, X. H., Fan, C., Feng, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Z. Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., He, M., Hibino, K., Hotta, N., Hu, Haibing, Hu, H. B., Huang, J., Huang, Q., Jia, H. Y., Kajino, F., Kasahara, K., Katayose, Y., Kato, C., Kawata, K., Labaciren, Le, G. M., Li, A. F., Li, J. Y., Lou, Y. -Q., Lu, H., Lu, S. L., Meng, X. R., Mizutani, K., Mu, J., Munakata, K., Nagai, A., Nanjo, H., Nishizawa, M., Ohnishi, M., Ohta, I., Onuma, H., Ouchi, T., Ozawa, S., Ren, J. R., Saito, T., Saito, T. Y., Sakata, M., Sako, T. K., Shibata, M., Shiomi, A., Shirai, T., Sugimoto, H., Takita, M., Tan, Y. H., Tateyama, N., Torii, S., Tsuchiya, H., Udo, S., Wang, B., Wang, H., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. G., Wu, H. R., Xue, L., Yamamoto, Y., Yan, C. T., Yang, X. C., Yasue, S., Ye, Z. H., Yu, G. C., Yuan, A. F., Yuda, T., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Yi, Zhaxisangzhu, and Zhou, X. X.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: The Tibet air shower array, which has an effective area of 37,000 square meters and is located at 4300 m in altitude, has been observing air showers induced by cosmic rays with energies above a few TeV. We are planning to add a large muon detector array to it for the purpose of increasing its sensitivity to cosmic gamma rays in the 100 TeV (10 - 1000 TeV) energy region by discriminating them from cosmic-ray hadrons. We report on the possibility of detection of gamma rays in the 100 TeV energy region in our field of view, based on the improved sensitivity of our air shower array deduced from the full Monte Carlo simulation., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference
Published: 2007

41. Experimental Fault-Tolerant Quantum Cryptography in a Decoherence-Free Subspace

Author: Zhang, Q., Yin, J., Chen, T. -Y., Lu, S., Zhang, J., Li, X. -Q., Yang, T., Wang, X. -B., and Pan, J. -W.
Subjects: Quantum Physics
Abstract: we experimentally implement a fault-tolerant quantum key distribution protocol with two photons in a decoherence-free subspace (DFS). It is demonstrated that our protocol can yield good key rate even with large bit-flip error rate caused by collective rotation, while the usual realization of BB84 protocol cannot produce any secure final key given the same channel. Since the experiment is performed in polarization space and does not need the calibration of reference frame, important applications in free-space quantum communication are expected. Moreover, our method can also be used to robustly transmit an arbitrary two-level quantum state in a type of DFS., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Add new references
Published: 2005
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42. Measurement of Change of 7Be Decay Rate in Be and Au

Author: Liu, Z., Li, C., Wang, S., Zhou, J., Meng, Q., Lu, S., and Zhou, S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We have measured the possible change of the decay rate of 7Be implanted into hosts of natural beryllium and natural gold. No difference between the 7Be decay rates in the two hosts is observed within the experimental precision of 0.12%. This result implies that change of the decay rate of 7Be implanted in different materials cannot be simply expected from the electron affinity difference consideration lonely and the lattice structure of the host materials should be taken into account., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2003
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43. Minimum Objectives: A Measurement System to Provide Evaluation of Special Education in Regular Classrooms.

Author: Christie, Lu S. and McKenzie, Hugh S.
Abstract: Discussed is the use of minimum behavioral objectives to provide evaluation of special education in regular classrooms. Literature which supports the mainstreaming of moderately handicapped children is reviewed briefly. Application of the behavioral model of education on the community level is considered in terms of the basic skills which comprise essential education and the accountability of professional educators. Handicapped children are viewed as those eligible for special services involving changes in the teaching/learning environment. Five assumptions (such as the accountability of the school and community for the child's acquisition of skills) which undergird the concept of minimum objectives are explained. Suggestions are given for developing systems of minimum objectives for student progress within a school year and over a period of years. Use of intervention to accelerate rate of mastering minimum objectives is described, and its application with a 12-year-old girl deficient in math skills is explored. Pointed out is the usefulness of minimum objectives systems in determining eligibility for special education services, in evaluating the effectiveness of those services, and in determining when a child no longer requires special services. Attention is also given to the benefits of a minimum objectives system for gifted students and to the challenge of developing objectives for social behaviors. (LS)
Published: 1974

44. Numerical Prediction of Dust

Author: Benedetti, Angela, Baldasano, J. M, Basart, S, Benincasa, F, Boucher, O, Brooks, M, Chen, J. P, Colarco, P. R, Gong, S, Huneeus, N, Jones, L, Lu, S, Menut, L, Mulcahy, J, Nickovic, S, Morcrette, J.-J, Perez, C, Reid, J. S, Sekiyama, T. T, Tanaka, T, Terradellas, E, Westphal, D. L, Zhang, X.-Y, and Zhou, C.-H
Subjects: Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract: Covers the whole breadth of mineral dust research, from a scientific perspective Presents interdisciplinary work including results from field campaigns, satellite observations, laboratory studies, computer modelling and theoretical studies Explores the role of dust as a player and recorder of environmental change This volume presents state-of-the-art research about mineral dust, including results from field campaigns, satellite observations, laboratory studies, computer modelling and theoretical studies. Dust research is a new, dynamic and fast-growing area of science and due to its multiple roles in the Earth system, dust has become a fascinating topic for many scientific disciplines. Aspects of dust research covered in this book reach from timescales of minutes (as with dust devils, cloud processes, and radiation) to millennia (as with loess formation and oceanic sediments), making dust both a player and recorder of environmental change. The book is structured in four main parts that explore characteristics of dust, the global dust cycle, impacts of dust on the Earth system, and dust as a climate indicator. The chapters in these parts provide a comprehensive, detailed overview of this highly interdisciplinary subject. The contributions presented here cover dust from source to sink and describe all the processes dust particles undergo while travelling through the atmosphere. Chapters explore how dust is lifted and transported, how it affects radiation, clouds, regional circulations, precipitation and chemical processes in the atmosphere, and how it deteriorates air quality. The book explores how dust is removed from the atmosphere by gravitational settling, turbulence or precipitation, how iron contained in dust fertilizes terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and about the role that dust plays in human health. We learn how dust is observed, simulated using computer models and forecast. The book also details the role of dust deposits for climate reconstructions. Scientific observations and results are presented, along with numerous illustrations. This work has an interdisciplinary appeal and will engage scholars in geology, geography, chemistry, meteorology and physics, amongst others with an interest in the Earth system and environmental change.
Published: 2013

45. Some Consequences of Thermosolutal Convection: The Grain Structure of Castings

Author: Hansen, G, Hellawell, A, Lu, S. Z, and Steube, R. S
Subjects: Metallic Materials
Abstract: The essential principles of thermosolutal convection are outlined, and how convection provides a transport mechanism between the mushy region of a casting and the open bulk liquid is illustrated. The convective flow patterns which develop assist in heat exchange and macroscopic solute segregation during solidification; they also provide a mechanism for the transport of dendritic fragments from the mushy region into the bulk liquid. Surviving fragments become nuclei for equiaxed grains and so lead to blocking of the parental columnar, dendritic growth front from which they originated. The physical steps in such a sequence are considered and some experimental data are provided to support the argument.
Published: 1996

46. Scalable Parallel Algebraic Multigrid Solvers

Author: Bank, R, primary, Lu, S, additional, Tong, C, additional, and Vassilevski, P, additional
Published: 2005
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47. Quantitative Methods for Reservoir Characterization and Improved Recovery: Application to Heavy Oil Sands

Author: Castle, J.W., primary, Bridges, R.A., additional, Lorinovich, C.J., additional, Molz, Fred J., additional, Dinwiddie, C.L., additional, and Lu, S., additional
Published: 2003
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48. Hydrogen Induced Cracking in Titanium Drip Shield of High-Level Waste Repository

Author: Lu, S, primary
Published: 2001
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49. Hydrogen-induced cracking of drip shield

Author: Lu, S C, primary
Published: 1999
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50. Preliminary structural evaluation of Trojan RCL (reactor coolant loop) subject to postulated RPV (reactor pressure vessel) support failure

Author: Lu, S. C., primary
Published: 1990
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